Ge'ez

Halähamä (Abecedary)³

Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) ሀ hä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter He (𐩠).	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) ለ lä IPA: [lə] or [la] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (𐩡).	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) ሐ ḥä IPA: [ħə] or [ħa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (𐩢).	Ge'ez letter May (mä) × Ge'ez letter May (mä) መ ma IPA: [mə] or [ma] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (𐩣).	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) ሠ śä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (𐩦).
Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) ረ rä IPA: [rə] or [ra] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (𐩧).	Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) ሰ sä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (𐩪).	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) ቀ ḳä IPA: [kʼə] or [kʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (𐩤).	Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) በ bä IPA: [bə] or [ba] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (𐩨).	Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) ተ tä IPA: [tə] or [ta] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (𐩩).
Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) ኀ ḫä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (𐩭).	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) ነ nä IPA: [nə] or [na] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (𐩬).	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) አ ʔä IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (𐩱).	Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) ከ kä IPA: [kə] or [ka] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (𐩫).	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) ወ wä IPA: [wə] or [wa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (𐩥).
Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) ዐ ʽä IPA: [ʕə] or [ʕa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (𐩲).	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) ዘ zä IPA: [zə] or [za] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (𐩸).	Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) የ yä IPA: [yə] or [ya] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (𐩺).	× Ge'ez letter Dänt (dä) ደ dä IPA: [də] or [da] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (𐩵).	Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) ገ gä IPA: [gə] or [ga] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (𐩴).
Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) ጠ ṭä IPA: [tʼə] or [tʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (𐩷).	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣ä) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣ä) ጰ pä IPA: [pʼə] or [pʼa]	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) ጸ ṣä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (𐩮).	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) ፀ ṣ́ä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (𐩳).	Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) ፈ fä IPA: [fə] or [fa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (𐩰).
Ge'ez letter Psa (pä) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pä) ፐ pä IPA: [pə] or [pa]

Additional letters

Ge'ez letter šä × Ge'ez letter šä ሸ šä	Ge'ez letter ḳʰä × Ge'ez letter ḳʰä ቐ ḳʰä	Ge'ez letter vä × Ge'ez letter vä ቨ vä	Ge'ez letter čä × Ge'ez letter čä ቸ čä	Ge'ez letter ŋʷä × Ge'ez letter ŋʷä ⶓ ŋʷä
Ge'ez letter ñä × Ge'ez letter ñä ኘ ñä	Ge'ez letter xä × Ge'ez letter xä ኸ xä	Ge'ez letter xʷä × Ge'ez letter xʷä ዀ xʷä	Ge'ez letter žä × Ge'ez letter zä ዠ zä	Ge'ez letter ǧä × Ge'ez letter ǧä ጀ ǧä
Ge'ez letter ŋä × Ge'ez letter ŋä ጘ ŋä	Ge'ez letter č̣ä × Ge'ez letter č̣ä ጨ č̣ä

Vowel modifications

Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) ሀ hä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter He (𐩠).	Ge'ez letter Hoy (hu) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hu) ሁ hu	Ge'ez letter Hoy (hi) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hi) ሂ hi	Ge'ez letter Hoy (ha) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (ha) ሃ ha	Ge'ez letter Hoy (he) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (he) ሄ he	Ge'ez letter Hoy (hə) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hə) ህ hə	Ge'ez letter Hoy (ho) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (ho) ሆ ho
Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) ለ lä IPA: [lə] or [la] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (𐩡).	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lu) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lu) ሉ lu	Ge'ez letter Läwe (li) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (li) ሊ li	Ge'ez letter Läwe (la) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (la) ላ la	Ge'ez letter Läwe (le) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (le) ሌ le	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lə) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lə) ል lə	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lo) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lo) ሎ lo	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lwa) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lwa) ሏ lwa
Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) ሐ ḥä IPA: [ħə] or [ħa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (𐩢).	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (hu) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥu) ሑ ḥu	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (hi) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥi) ሒ ḥi	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ha) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥa) ሓ ḥa	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (he) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥe) ሔ ḥe	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (hə) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥə) ሕ ḥə	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ho) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥo) ሖ ḥo	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (hwa) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥwa) ሗ ḥwa
Ge'ez letter May (mä) × Ge'ez letter May (mä) መ ma IPA: [mə] or [ma] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (𐩣).	Ge'ez letter May (mu) × Ge'ez letter May (mu) ሙ mu	Ge'ez letter May (mi) × Ge'ez letter May (mi) ሚ mi	Ge'ez letter May (ma) × Ge'ez letter May (ma) ማ ma	Ge'ez letter May (me) × Ge'ez letter May (me) ሜ me	Ge'ez letter May (mə) × Ge'ez letter May (mə) ም mə	Ge'ez letter May (mo) × Ge'ez letter May (mo) ሞ mo	Ge'ez letter May (mwa) × Ge'ez letter May (mwa) ሟ mwa	Ge'ez letter May (mjä) × Ge'ez letter May (mjä) ፙ mjä
Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) ሠ śä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (𐩦).	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śu) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śu) ሡ śu	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śi) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śi) ሢ śi	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śa) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śa) ሣ śa	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śe) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śe) ሤ śe	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śə) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śə) ሥ śə	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śo) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śo) ሦ śo	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śwa) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śwa) ሧ śwa
Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) ረ rä IPA: [rə] or [ra] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (𐩧).	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ru) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ru) ሩ ru	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ri) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ri) ሪ ri	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ra) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ra) ራ ra	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (re) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (re) ሬ re	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rə) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rə) ር rə	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ro) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (ro) ሮ ro	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rwa) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rwa) ሯ rwa	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rjä) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rjä) ፘ rjä
Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) ሰ sä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (𐩪).	Ge'ez letter Sat (su) × Ge'ez letter Sat (su) ሱ su	Ge'ez letter Sat (si) × Ge'ez letter Sat (si) ሲ si	Ge'ez letter Sat (sa) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sa) ሳ sa	Ge'ez letter Sat (se) × Ge'ez letter Sat (se) ሴ se	Ge'ez letter Sat (sə) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sə) ስ sə	Ge'ez letter Sat (so) × Ge'ez letter Sat (so) ሶ so	Ge'ez letter Sat (swa) × Ge'ez letter Sat (swa) ሷ swa
Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) ቀ ḳä IPA: [kʼə] or [kʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (𐩤).	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳu) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳu) ቁ ḳu	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳi) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳi) ቂ ḳi	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳa) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳa) ቃ ḳa	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳe) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳe) ቄ ḳe	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳə) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳə) ቅ ḳə	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳo) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳo) ቆ ḳo	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳwa) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳwa) ቋ ḳwa
Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) በ bä IPA: [bə] or [ba] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (𐩨).	Ge'ez letter Bet (bu) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bu) ቡ bu	Ge'ez letter Bet (bi) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bi) ቢ bi	Ge'ez letter Bet (ba) × Ge'ez letter Bet (ba) ባ ba	Ge'ez letter Bet (be) × Ge'ez letter Bet (be) ቤ be	Ge'ez letter Bet (bə) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bə) ብ bə	Ge'ez letter Bet (bo) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bo) ቦ bo	Ge'ez letter Bet (bwa) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bwa) ቧ bwa
Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) ተ tä IPA: [tə] or [ta] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (𐩩).	Ge'ez letter Täwe (tu) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tu) ቱ tu	Ge'ez letter Täwe (ti) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (ti) ቲ ti	Ge'ez letter Täwe (ta) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (ta) ታ ta	Ge'ez letter Täwe (te) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (te) ቴ te	Ge'ez letter Täwe (tə) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tə) ት tə	Ge'ez letter Täwe (to) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (to) ቶ to	Ge'ez letter Täwe (twa) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (twa) ቷ twa
Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) ኀ ḫä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (𐩭).	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫu) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫu) ኁ ḫu	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫi) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫi) ኂ ḫi	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫa) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫa) ኃ ḫa	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫe) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫe) ኄ ḫe	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫə) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫə) ኅ ḫə	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫo) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫo) ኆ ḫo	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫwa) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫwa) ኋ ḫwa
Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) ነ nä IPA: [nə] or [na] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (𐩬).	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nu) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nu) ኑ nu	Ge'ez letter Nähas (ni) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (ni) ኒ ni	Ge'ez letter Nähas (na) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (na) ና na	Ge'ez letter Nähas (ne) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (ne) ኔ ne	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nə) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nə) ን nə	Ge'ez letter Nähas (no) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (no) ኖ no	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nwa) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nwa) ኗ nwa
Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) አ ʔä IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (𐩱).	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾu) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾu) ኡ ʔu	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾi) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾi) ኢ ʔi	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾa) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾa) ኣ ʔa	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾe) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾe) ኤ ʔe	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾə) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾə) እ ʔə	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾo) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾo) ኦ ʔo	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾwa) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾwa) ኧ ʔwa
Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) ከ kä IPA: [kə] or [ka] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (𐩫).	Ge'ez letter Kaf (ku) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (ku) ኩ ku	Ge'ez letter Kaf (ki) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (ki) ኪ ki	Ge'ez letter Kaf (ka) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (ka) ካ ka	Ge'ez letter Kaf (ke) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (ke) ኬ ke	Ge'ez letter Kaf (kə) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kə) ክ kə	Ge'ez letter Kaf (ko) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (ko) ኮ ko	Ge'ez letter Kaf (kwa) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kwa) ኳ kwa
Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) ወ wä IPA: [wə] or [wa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (𐩥).	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wu) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wu) ዉ wu	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wi) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wi) ዊ wi	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wa) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wa) ዋ wa	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (we) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (we) ዌ we	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wə) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wə) ው wə	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wo) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wo) ዎ wo
Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) ዐ ʽä IPA: [ʕə] or [ʕa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (𐩲).	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽu) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽu) ዑ ʽu	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽi) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽi) ዒ ʽi	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽa) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽa) ዓ ʽa	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽe) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽe) ዔ ʽe	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽə) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽə) ዕ ʽə	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽo) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽo) ዖ ʽo
Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) ዘ zä IPA: [zə] or [za] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (𐩸).	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zu) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zu) ዙ zu	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zi) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zi) ዚ zi	Ge'ez letter Zäy (za) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (za) ዛ za	Ge'ez letter Zäy (ze) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (ze) ዜ ze	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zə) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zə) ዝ zə	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zo) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zo) ዞ zo	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zwa) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zwa) ዟ zwa
Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) የ yä IPA: [yə] or [ya] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (𐩺).	Ge'ez letter Yämän (yu) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yu) ዩ yu	Ge'ez letter Yämän (yi) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yi) ዪ yi	Ge'ez letter Yämän (ya) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (ya) ያ ya	Ge'ez letter Yämän (ye) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (ye) ዬ ye	Ge'ez letter Yämän (yə) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yə) ይ yə	Ge'ez letter Yämän (yo) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yo) ዮ yo
× Ge'ez letter Dänt (dä) ደ dä IPA: [də] or [da] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (𐩵).	Ge'ez letter Dänt (du) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (du) ዱ du	Ge'ez letter Dänt (di) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (di) ዲ di	Ge'ez letter Dänt (da) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (da) ዳ da	Ge'ez letter Dänt (de) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (de) ዴ de	Ge'ez letter Dänt (də) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (də) ድ də	Ge'ez letter Dänt (do) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (do) ዶ do	Ge'ez letter Dänt (dwa) × Ge'ez letter Dänt (dwa) ዷ dwa
Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) ገ gä IPA: [gə] or [ga] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (𐩴).	Ge'ez letter Gäml (gu) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gu) ጉ gu	Ge'ez letter Gäml (gi) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gi) ጊ gi	Ge'ez letter Gäml (ga) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (ga) ጋ ga	Ge'ez letter Gäml (ge) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (ge) ጌ ge	Ge'ez letter Gäml (gə) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gə) ግ gə	Ge'ez letter Gäml (go) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (go) ጎ go	Ge'ez letter Gäml (gwa) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gwa) ጓ gwa
Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) ጠ ṭä IPA: [tʼə] or [tʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (𐩷).	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭu) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭu) ጡ ṭu	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭi) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭi) ጢ ṭi	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭa) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭa) ጣ ṭa	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭe) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭe) ጤ ṭe	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭə) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭə) ጥ ṭə	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭo) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭo) ጦ ṭo	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭwa) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭwa) ጧ ṭwa
Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣ä) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣ä) ጰ pä IPA: [pʼə] or [pʼa]	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣u) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣u) ጱ pu	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣i) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣i) ጲ pi	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣a) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣a) ጳ pa	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣e) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣e) ጴ pe	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣ə) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣ə) ጵ pə	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣o) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣o) ጶ po	Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣wa) × Ge'ez letter P̣äyt (p̣wa) ጷ pwa
Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) ጸ ṣä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (𐩮).	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣu) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣu) ጹ ṣu	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣi) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣi) ጺ ṣi	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣa) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣa) ጻ ṣa	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣe) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣe) ጼ ṣe	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣə) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣə) ጽ ṣə	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣo) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣo) ጾ ṣo	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣwa) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣwa) ጿ ṣwa
Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) ፀ ṣ́ä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (𐩳).	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣu) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣu) ፁ ṣ́u	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣi) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣi) ፂ ṣ́i	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣa) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣa) ፃ ṣ́a	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣe) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣe) ፄ ṣ́e	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣə) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣə) ፅ ṣ́ə	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣo) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣo) ፆ ṣ́o
Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) ፈ fä IPA: [fə] or [fa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (𐩰).	Ge'ez letter Äf (fu) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fu) ፉ fu	Ge'ez letter Äf (fi) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fi) ፊ fi	Ge'ez letter Äf (fa) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fa) ፋ fa	Ge'ez letter Äf (fe) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fe) ፌ fe	Ge'ez letter Äf (fə) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fə) ፍ fə	Ge'ez letter Äf (fo) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fo) ፎ fo	Ge'ez letter Äf (fwa) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fwa) ፏ fwa	Ge'ez letter Äf (fjä) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fjä) ፚ fjä
Ge'ez letter Psa (pä) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pä) ፐ pä IPA: [pə] or [pa]	Ge'ez letter Psa (pu) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pu) ፑ pu	Ge'ez letter Psa (pi) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pi) ፒ pi	Ge'ez letter Psa (pa) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pa) ፓ pa	Ge'ez letter Psa (pe) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pe) ፔ pe	Ge'ez letter Psa (pə) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pə) ፕ pə	Ge'ez letter Psa (po) × Ge'ez letter Psa (po) ፖ po	Ge'ez letter Psa (pwa) × Ge'ez letter Psa (pwa) ፗ pwa

Additional letters

Ge'ez letter šä × Ge'ez letter šä ሸ šä	Ge'ez letter šu × Ge'ez letter šu ሹ šu	Ge'ez letter ši × Ge'ez letter ši ሺ ši	Ge'ez letter ša × Ge'ez letter ša ሻ ša	Ge'ez letter še × Ge'ez letter še ሼ še	Ge'ez letter šə × Ge'ez letter šə ሽ šə	Ge'ez letter šo × Ge'ez letter šo ሾ šo	Ge'ez letter šwa × Ge'ez letter šwa ሿ šwa
Ge'ez letter ḳʰä × Ge'ez letter ḳʰä ቐ ḳʰä	Ge'ez letter ḳʰu × Ge'ez letter ḳʰu ቑ ḳʰu	Ge'ez letter ḳʰi × Ge'ez letter ḳʰi ቒ ḳʰi	Ge'ez letter ḳʰa × Ge'ez letter ḳʰa ቓ ḳʰa	Ge'ez letter ḳʰe × Ge'ez letter ḳʰe ቔ ḳʰe	Ge'ez letter ḳʰə × Ge'ez letter ḳʰə ቕ ḳʰə	Ge'ez letter ḳʰo × Ge'ez letter ḳʰo ቖ ḳʰo
Ge'ez letter ḳʰwä × Ge'ez letter ḳʰwä ቘ ḳʰwä		Ge'ez letter ḳʰwi × Ge'ez letter ḳʰwi ቚ ḳʰwi	Ge'ez letter ḳʰwa × Ge'ez letter ḳʰwa ቛ ḳʰwa	Ge'ez letter ḳʰwe × Ge'ez letter ḳʰwe ቜ ḳʰwe	Ge'ez letter ḳʰwə × Ge'ez letter ḳʰwə ቝ ḳʰwə
Ge'ez letter vä × Ge'ez letter vä ቨ vä	Ge'ez letter vu × Ge'ez letter vu ቩ vu	Ge'ez letter vi × Ge'ez letter vi ቪ vi	Ge'ez letter va × Ge'ez letter va ቫ va	Ge'ez letter ve × Ge'ez letter ve ቬ ve	Ge'ez letter və × Ge'ez letter və ቭ və	Ge'ez letter vo × Ge'ez letter vo ቮ vo	Ge'ez letter vwa × Ge'ez letter vwa ቯ vwa
Ge'ez letter čä × Ge'ez letter čä ቸ čä	Ge'ez letter ču × Ge'ez letter ču ቹ ču	Ge'ez letter či × Ge'ez letter či ቺ či	Ge'ez letter ča × Ge'ez letter ča ቻ ča	Ge'ez letter če × Ge'ez letter če ቼ če	Ge'ez letter čə × Ge'ez letter čə ች čə	Ge'ez letter čo × Ge'ez letter čo ቾ čo	Ge'ez letter čwa × Ge'ez letter čwa ቿ čwa
Ge'ez letter ŋʷä × Ge'ez letter ŋʷä ⶓ ŋʷä		Ge'ez letter ŋʷi × Ge'ez letter ŋʷi ⶔ ŋʷi		Ge'ez letter ŋʷe × Ge'ez letter ŋʷe ⶕ ŋʷe	Ge'ez letter ŋʷə × Ge'ez letter ŋʷäa/h3> ⶖ ŋʷa
Ge'ez letter ñä × Ge'ez letter ñä ኘ ñä	Ge'ez letter ñu × Ge'ez letter ñu ኙ ñu	Ge'ez letter ñi × Ge'ez letter ñi ኚ ñi	Ge'ez letter ña × Ge'ez letter ña ኛ ña	Ge'ez letter ñe × Ge'ez letter ñe ኜ ñe	Ge'ez letter ñə × Ge'ez letter ñə ኝ ñə	Ge'ez letter ño × Ge'ez letter ño ኞ ño	Ge'ez letter ñwa × Ge'ez letter ñwa ኟ ñwa
Ge'ez letter xä × Ge'ez letter xä ኸ xä	Ge'ez letter xu × Ge'ez letter xu ኹ xu	Ge'ez letter xi × Ge'ez letter xi ኺ xi	Ge'ez letter xa × Ge'ez letter xa ኻ xa	Ge'ez letter xe × Ge'ez letter xe ኼ xe	Ge'ez letter xə × Ge'ez letter xə ኽ xə	Ge'ez letter xo × Ge'ez letter xo ኾ xo
Ge'ez letter xʷä × Ge'ez letter xʷä ዀ xʷä		Ge'ez letter xʷi × Ge'ez letter xʷi ዂ xʷi	Ge'ez letter xʷa × Ge'ez letter xʷa ዃ xʷa	Ge'ez letter xʷe × Ge'ez letter xʷe ዄ xʷe	Ge'ez letter xʷə × Ge'ez letter xʷə ዅ xʷə
Ge'ez letter žä × Ge'ez letter zä ዠ zä	Ge'ez letter žu × Ge'ez letter zu ዡ zu	Ge'ez letter ži × Ge'ez letter zi ዢ zi	Ge'ez letter ža × Ge'ez letter za ዣ za	Ge'ez letter že × Ge'ez letter ze ዤ ze	Ge'ez letter žə × Ge'ez letter zə ዥ zə	Ge'ez letter žo × Ge'ez letter zo ዦ zo	Ge'ez letter žwa × Ge'ez letter zwa ዧ zwa
Ge'ez letter ǧä × Ge'ez letter ǧä ጀ ǧä	Ge'ez letter ǧu × Ge'ez letter ǧu ጁ ǧu	Ge'ez letter ǧi × Ge'ez letter ǧi ጂ ǧi	Ge'ez letter ǧa × Ge'ez letter ǧa ጃ ǧa	Ge'ez letter ǧe × Ge'ez letter ǧe ጄ ǧe	Ge'ez letter ǧə × Ge'ez letter ǧə ጅ ǧə	Ge'ez letter ǧo × Ge'ez letter ǧo ጆ ǧo	Ge'ez letter ǧwa × Ge'ez letter ǧwa ጇ ǧwa
Ge'ez letter ŋä × Ge'ez letter ŋä ጘ ŋä	Ge'ez letter ŋu × Ge'ez letter ŋu ጙ ŋu	Ge'ez letter ŋi × Ge'ez letter ŋi ጚ ŋi	Ge'ez letter ŋa × Ge'ez letter ŋa ጛ ŋa	Ge'ez letter ŋe × Ge'ez letter ŋe ጜ ŋe	Ge'ez letter ŋə × Ge'ez letter ŋə ጝ ŋə	Ge'ez letter ŋo × Ge'ez letter ŋo ጞ ŋo	Ge'ez letter ŋwa × Ge'ez letter ŋwa ጟ ŋwa
Ge'ez letter č̣ä × Ge'ez letter č̣ä ጨ č̣ä	Ge'ez letter č̣u × Ge'ez letter č̣u ጩ č̣u	Ge'ez letter č̣i × Ge'ez letter č̣i ጪ č̣i	Ge'ez letter č̣a × Ge'ez letter č̣a ጫ č̣a	Ge'ez letter č̣e × Ge'ez letter č̣e ጬ č̣e	Ge'ez letter č̣ə × Ge'ez letter č̣ə ጭ č̣ə	Ge'ez letter č̣o × Ge'ez letter č̣o ጮ č̣o	Ge'ez letter č̣wa × Ge'ez letter č̣wa ጯ č̣wa

Writing Script		Head of ox	House plan	Throw stick	Nile tilapia		Man with arms raised	Pear shaped mace	Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure		Heart and trachea	Arm with downward facing palm	Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra	Reed column		Eye	Wick	Mouth	Rush with shoots	Cord on stick	Head	Bow	Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Ancient South Arabian (Parent)	Abugida 9 c. BCE - 7 c. CE	Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant) 𐩱 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule) 𐩱 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.	Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant) 𐩨 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule) 𐩨 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.	Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant) 𐩴 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule) 𐩴 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.	Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant) 𐩵 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule) 𐩵 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.	Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant) 𐩳 ḍ IPA: [ɬˤ] Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule) 𐩳 ḍ IPA: [ɬˤ]	Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant) 𐩠 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule) 𐩠 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.	Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant) 𐩥 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule) 𐩥 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.	Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant) 𐩸 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule) 𐩸 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant) 𐩢 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule) 𐩢 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.	Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant) 𐩭 ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule) 𐩭 ḫ IPA: [x]	Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant) 𐩷 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule) 𐩷 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.	Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant) 𐩺 𐩺 IPA: [j], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule) 𐩺 𐩺 IPA: [j], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.	Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant) 𐩫 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule) 𐩫 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant) 𐩡 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule) 𐩡 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant) 𐩣 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule) 𐩣 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant) 𐩬 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule) 𐩬 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.	Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant) 𐩯 s³ (s) IPA: [s̪] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule) 𐩯 s³ (s) IPA: [s̪] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.	Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant) 𐩪 s¹ (š) IPA: [s] Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule) 𐩪 s¹ (š) IPA: [s]	Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant) 𐩲 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule) 𐩲 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant) 𐩶 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule) 𐩶 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant) 𐩰 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule) 𐩰 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant) 𐩮 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule) 𐩮 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.	Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant) 𐩤 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule) 𐩤 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant) 𐩧 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule) 𐩧 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant) 𐩦 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule) 𐩦 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.	Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant) 𐩩 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule) 𐩩 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Ge’ez	Abugida 5-6 c. BCE - Present	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) አ ʔä IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (𐩱).	Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) በ bä IPA: [bə] or [ba] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (𐩨).	Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) ገ gä IPA: [gə] or [ga] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (𐩴).	× Ge'ez letter Dänt (dä) ደ dä IPA: [də] or [da] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (𐩵).	Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) ፀ ṣ́ä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (𐩳).	Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) ሀ hä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter He (𐩠).	Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) ወ wä IPA: [wə] or [wa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (𐩥).	Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) ዘ zä IPA: [zə] or [za] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (𐩸).	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) ሐ ḥä IPA: [ħə] or [ħa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (𐩢).	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) ኀ ḫä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (𐩭).	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) ጠ ṭä IPA: [tʼə] or [tʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (𐩷).	Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) የ yä IPA: [yə] or [ya] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (𐩺).	Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) ከ kä IPA: [kə] or [ka] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (𐩫).	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) ለ lä IPA: [lə] or [la] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (𐩡).	Ge'ez letter May (mä) × Ge'ez letter May (mä) መ ma IPA: [mə] or [ma] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (𐩣).	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) ነ nä IPA: [nə] or [na] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (𐩬).		Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) ሰ sä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (𐩪).	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) ዐ ʽä IPA: [ʕə] or [ʕa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (𐩲).		Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) ፈ fä IPA: [fə] or [fa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (𐩰).	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) ጸ ṣä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (𐩮).	Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) ቀ ḳä IPA: [kʼə] or [kʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (𐩤).	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) ረ rä IPA: [rə] or [ra] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (𐩧).	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) ሠ śä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (𐩦).	Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) ተ tä IPA: [tə] or [ta] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (𐩩).