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Writing Script		Head of ox	House plan		Throw stick		Nile tilapia			Man with arms raised		Pear shaped mace				Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure		Heart and trachea		Arm with downward facing palm		Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra			Reed column		Eye	Wick	Mouth	Rush with shoots			Cord on stick	Head	Bow	Basket of fruit or grain		Crossed sticks				Pool with lilies	Horned viper	Lily plant	Elephant tusk & papyrus scroll	Fire drill	Basket with handle	Arm holding conical loaf & bread
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 𓎛 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 𓇨 Basket of fruit or grain Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 𓆷 Pool with lilies Phonogram šꜣ for: šꜣ “marsh” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ʃɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: sha Ideogram for: ꜣḫt “Inundation” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑxɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: akhet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I9 𓆑 Horned viper Phonogram f Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /f/ Determinative in: it “father”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M12 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M12 𓆼 Lily plant Phonogram ḫꜣ, for: ḫꜣ “1,000” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /xɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: kha	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F18 𓄑 Tusk of elephant Phonogram bḥ or ḥw Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 𓏛 Papyrus scroll Phonogram mḏꜣt Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Ideogram for: mḏꜣt “paypyrus roll, book” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛd͡ʒɑt/ Conventional Anglicisation: medjat Determinative for: rḫ “know” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛx/ Conventional Anglicisation: rekh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. U29 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. U29 𓍒 Fire drill (Variation of Gardiner No. U28) Phonogram ḏꜣ for: ꜥnḫ.(w) (w)ḏꜣ snb “may he live, be prosperous, be healthy” Conventional Anglicisation: ankh wedja seneb	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V31 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V31 𓎡 Basket with handle Phonogram k Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /k/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D37 𓂞 Arm holding conical loaf Phonogram dj for: rḏj “give” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼiːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛd͡ʒi/ Conventional Anglicisation: redji Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. X1 𓏏 Small bread loaf Phonogram t Ideogram for: t “bread” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /t/
Hieratic Egyptian	Logography 32 c. BCE - 3 c. CE		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O1 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 (𓉐).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. T14 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 (𓌙).											Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 (𓏭).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O6 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 (𓉗).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F35 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 (𓄤).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 (𓂣).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D46 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 (𓂧).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 (𓋿).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 (𓈖).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 (𓆓).					Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D4 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 (𓁹).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 (𓎛).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 (𓂋).					Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D1 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 (𓁶).								Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 Pool with lilies Phonogram šꜣ for: šꜣ “marsh” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ʃɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: sha Ideogram for: ꜣḫt “Inundation” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑxɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: akhet Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 (𓆷).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 Horned viper Phonogram f Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /f/ Determinative in: it “father” Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I9 (𓆑).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 Lily plant Phonogram ḫꜣ, for: ḫꜣ “1,000” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /xɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: kha Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M12 (𓆼).	Hieratic Egyptian, Gardiner No. F18 & Y1 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 Tusk of elephant Phonogram bḥ or ḥw Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F18 (𓄑). Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 Papyrus scroll Phonogram mḏꜣt Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Ideogram for: mḏꜣt “paypyrus roll, book” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛd͡ʒɑt/ Conventional Anglicisation: medjat Determinative for: rḫ “know” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛx/ Conventional Anglicisation: rekh Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 (𓏛).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 Fire drill (Variation of Gardiner No. U28) Phonogram ḏꜣ for: ꜥnḫ.(w) (w)ḏꜣ snb “may he live, be prosperous, be healthy” Conventional Anglicisation: ankh wedja seneb Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. U29 (𓍒).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 𓎡 Basket with handle Phonogram k Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V31 (𓎡).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 Arm holding conical loaf Phonogram dj for: rḏj “give” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼiːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛd͡ʒi/ Conventional Anglicisation: redji Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D37 (𓂞). Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. X1 Small bread loaf Phonogram t Ideogram for: t “bread” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. X1 (𓏏).
Demotic Egyptian	Logography 650 BCE - 5 c. CE																				Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42.			Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10.						Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21.													Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 Pool with lilies Phonogram šꜣ for: šꜣ “marsh” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ʃɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: sha Ideogram for: ꜣḫt “Inundation” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑxɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: akhet Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 Horned viper Phonogram f Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /f/ Determinative in: it “father” Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 Lily plant Phonogram ḫꜣ, for: ḫꜣ “1,000” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /xɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: kha Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 Tusk of elephant Phonogram bḥ or ḥw Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18. Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 Papyrus scroll Phonogram mḏꜣt Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Ideogram for: mḏꜣt “paypyrus roll, book” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛd͡ʒɑt/ Conventional Anglicisation: medjat Determinative for: rḫ “know” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛx/ Conventional Anglicisation: rekh Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Y1.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 Fire drill Phonogram ḏꜣ for: ꜥnḫ.(w) (w)ḏꜣ snb “may he live, be prosperous, be healthy” Conventional Anglicisation: ankh wedja seneb Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 Basket with handle Phonogram k Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No.V31.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 Arm holding conical loaf Phonogram dj for: rḏj “give” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼiːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛd͡ʒi/ Conventional Anglicisation: redji Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37. Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. X1 Small bread loaf Phonogram t Ideogram for: t “bread” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. X1.
Meroitic Cursive	Abugida 3 c. BCE - 6 c. CE	Meroitic cursive letter O × Meroitic cursive letter O 𐦣																							Meroitic cursive letter Na × Meroitic cursive letter Na 𐦩								Meroitic cursive letter Ra × Meroitic cursive letter Ra 𐦫													Meroitic cursive letter Sa × Meroitic cursive letter Sa 𐦯
Proto-Sinaitic	Abjad 19 c. BCE - 15 c. BCE	Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp × Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp Ox ʾ IPA: /ʔ/	Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt × Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt House b IPA: /b/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. T14.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml × Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml Throwstick g IPA: /g/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. .		Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag × Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag Fish d IPA: /d/			Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul × Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul Praise h IPA: /h/		Proto-Sinaitic Was/Uph × Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph Fowl w IPA: /w/				Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt × Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt Oxhide ingot/sword z IPA: /z/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Z4.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr Courtyard or thread ḥ IPA: /ħ/ or /x/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O6.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab Wheel ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F35.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad × Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad Hand j IPA: /j/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap × Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap Palm k IPA: /k/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D46.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd × Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd Goad l IPA: /l/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym × Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym Water m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš × Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš Snake n IPA: /n/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10.			Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk Peg s IPA: /s/		Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn × Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn Eye ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D4.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ Calyx ġ IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28.	Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it × Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it Corner p IPA: /p/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday Plant ṣ IPA: /sˤ/			Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba × Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba Needle/nape/monkey q IPA: /kˤ/ or /q/	Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš × Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš Head r IPA: /r/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš × Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš Bow š IPA: /ʃ/	Proto-Sinaitic letter Śadeh × Proto-Sinaitic letter Śadeh Field, land or bow θ IPA: /ɬ/ or /θ/		Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw × Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw Mark t IPA: /t/
Ugaritic	Abjad 15/13 c. BCE - ???	Ugaritic letter Alpa × Ugaritic letter Alpa 𐎀 ʾa IPA: /ʔa/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.	Ugaritic letter Beta × Ugaritic letter Beta 𐎁 b IPA: /b/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Ugaritic letter Gamla × Ugaritic letter Gamla 𐎂 g IPA: /g/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Ugaritic letter Delta × Ugaritic letter Delta 𐎄 d IPA: /d/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.			Ugaritic letter Ho × Ugaritic letter Ho 𐎅 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.		Ugaritic letter Wo × Ugaritic letter Wo 𐎆 w IPA: /w/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Ugaritic letter Zeta × Ugaritic letter Zeta 𐎇 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ugaritic letter Hota × Ugaritic letter Hota 𐎈 ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.		Ugaritic letter Tet × Ugaritic letter Tet 𐎉 ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.		Ugaritic letter Yod × Ugaritic letter Yod 𐎊 y IPA: /j/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Ugaritic letter Kaf × Ugaritic letter Kaf 𐎋 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ugaritic letter Lamda × Ugaritic letter Lamda 𐎍 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ugaritic letter Mem × Ugaritic letter Mem 𐎎 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ugaritic letter Nun × Ugaritic letter Nun 𐎐 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Ugaritic letter Samka × Ugaritic letter Samka 𐎒 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.		Ugaritic letter Ain × Ugaritic letter Ain 𐎓 ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ugaritic letter Ghain × Ugaritic letter Ghain 𐎙 ġ IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ugaritic letter Pu × Ugaritic letter Pu 𐎔 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ugaritic letter Sade × Ugaritic letter Sade 𐎕 ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Ugaritic letter Qopa × Ugaritic letter Qopa 𐎖 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ugaritic letter Rasha × Ugaritic letter Rasha 𐎗 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ugaritic letter Shin × Ugaritic letter Shin 𐎌 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.			Ugaritic letter To × Ugaritic letter To 𐎚 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Phoenician	Abjad 12 c. BCE - 135 BCE	Phoenician letter ʾālep × Phoenician letter ʾālep 𐤀 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.	Phoenician letter Bēt × Phoenician letter Bēt 𐤁 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Phoenician letter Gīml × Phoenician letter Gīml 𐤂 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Phoenician letter Dālet × Phoenician letter Dālet 𐤃 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.			Phoenician letter He × Phoenician letter He 𐤄 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.		Phoenician letter Wāw × Phoenician letter Wāw 𐤅 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin × Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Phoenician letter Hēt × Phoenician letter Hēt 𐤇 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.		Phoenician letter Ṭēt × Phoenician letter Ṭēt 𐤈 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.		Phoenician letter Yod × Phoenician letter Yod 𐤉 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Phoenician letter Kāp × Phoenician letter Kāp 𐤊 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Phoenician letter Lāmed × Phoenician letter Lāmed 𐤋 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Phoenician letter Mēm × Phoenician letter Mēm 𐤌 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Phoenician letter Nūn × Phoenician letter Nūn 𐤍 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Phoenician letter Śāmek × Phoenician letter Śāmek 𐤎 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.		Phoenician letter ʿayin × Phoenician letter ʿayin 𐤏 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.		Phoenician letter Pē × Phoenician letter Pē 𐤐 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Phoenician letter Ṩādē × Phoenician letter Ṩādē 𐤑 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Phoenician letter Qōp × Phoenician letter Qōp 𐤒 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh × Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Phoenician letter Šīn × Phoenician letter Šīn 𐤔 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.			Phoenician letter Tāw × Phoenician letter Tāw 𐤕 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Paleo-Hebrew	Abjad 10 c. BCE - 135 CE	Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep × Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep 𐤀 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt × Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt 𐤁 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b] Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml × Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml 𐤂 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g] Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet × Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet 𐤃 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d] Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Paleo-Hebrew letter He × Paleo-Hebrew letter He 𐤄 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h] Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw × Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw 𐤅 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w] Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin × Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z] Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt × Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt 𐤇 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt × Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt 𐤈 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod × Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod 𐤉 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j] Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp × Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp 𐤊 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k] Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed × Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed 𐤋 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l] Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm × Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm 𐤌 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m] Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn × Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn 𐤍 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n] Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek × Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek 𐤎 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s] Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin × Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin 𐤏 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē × Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē 𐤐 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p] Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṩādē × Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṩādē 𐤑 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp × Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp 𐤒 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q] Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh × Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r] Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn × Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn 𐤔 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw × Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw 𐤕 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t] Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Samaritan	Abjad 6 c. BCE - Present	Samaritan letter Ā'lāf × Samaritan letter Ā'lāf ࠀ ʾ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Samaritan letter Bīt × Samaritan letter Bīt ࠁ b Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt (𐤁).		Samaritan letter Gā'mān × Samaritan letter Gā'mān ࠂ g Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml (𐤂).		Samaritan letter Dā'lāt × Samaritan letter Dā'lāt ࠃ d Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet (𐤃).			Samaritan letter Īy × Samaritan letter Īy ࠄ h Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter He (𐤄).		Samaritan letter Bā̊ × Samaritan letter Bā̊ ࠅ w Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw (𐤅).				Samaritan letter Zēn × Samaritan letter Zēn ࠆ z Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Samaritan letter Īt × Samaritan letter Īt ࠇ ḥ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt (𐤇).		Samaritan letter Ṭīt × Samaritan letter Ṭīt ࠈ ṭ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Samaritan letter Yūt × Samaritan letter Yūt ࠉ y Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod (𐤉).		Samaritan letter Kā̊f × Samaritan letter Kā̊f ࠊ k Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp (𐤊).	Samaritan letter Lā'bāt × Samaritan letter Lā'bāt ࠋ l Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Samaritan letter Mīm × Samaritan letter Mīm ࠌ m Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm (𐤌).	Samaritan letter Nūn × Samaritan letter Nūn ࠍ n Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn (𐤍).			Samaritan letter Sin'gā̊t × Samaritan letter Sin'gā̊t ࠎ s Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Samaritan letter Īn × Samaritan letter Īn ࠏ ʿ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Samaritan letter Fī × Samaritan letter Fī ࠐ f Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē (𐤐).	Samaritan letter Ṣā̊'dīy × Samaritan letter Ṣā̊'dīy ࠑ ṣ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē (𐤐).			Samaritan letter Qūf × Samaritan letter Qūf ࠒ q Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp (𐤒).	Samaritan letter Rīš × Samaritan letter Rīš ࠓ r Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Samaritan letter × Samaritan letter Šān ࠔ š Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn (𐤔).			Samaritan letter Tā̊f × Samaritan letter Tā̊f ࠕ t Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw (𐤕).
Imperial Aramaic	Abjad 8 c. BCE - 7 c. CE	Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph × Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph 𐡀 𐡀𐡐𐡓 ʾ IPA: /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth × Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth 𐡁 𐡁𐡕 b IPA: /b/, /v/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal × Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal 𐡂 𐡂𐡌𐡋 g IPA: /ɡ/, /ɣ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath × Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath 𐡃 𐡃𐡋𐡕 d IPA: /d/, /ð/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Imperial Aramaic letter Hē × Imperial Aramaic letter Hē 𐡄 𐡄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).		Imperial Aramaic letter Waw × Imperial Aramaic letter Waw 𐡅 𐡅𐡅 w IPA: /w/; /oː/, /uː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Imperial Aramaic letter Zain × Imperial Aramaic letter Zain 𐡆 𐡆𐡉𐡍 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth × Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth 𐡇 𐡇𐡕 ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth × Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth 𐡈 𐡈𐡕 ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh × Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh 𐡉 𐡉𐡃 j IPA: /j/; /iː/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph × Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph 𐡊 𐡊𐡐 k IPA: /k/, /x/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh × Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh 𐡋 𐡋𐡌𐡃 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Imperial Aramaic letter Mem × Imperial Aramaic letter Mem 𐡌 𐡌𐡌 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Imperial Aramaic letter Nun × Imperial Aramaic letter Nun 𐡍 𐡍𐡍 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath × Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath 𐡎 𐡎𐡌𐡊 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin × Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin 𐡏 𐡏𐡉𐡍 ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Imperial Aramaic letter Pē × Imperial Aramaic letter Pē 𐡐 𐡐 p IPA: /p/, /f/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē × Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē 𐡑 𐡑𐡃 ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph × Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph 𐡒 𐡒𐡐 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš × Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš 𐡓 𐡓𐡔 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn × Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn 𐡔 𐡔𐡍 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Imperial Aramaic letter Taw × Imperial Aramaic letter Taw 𐡕 𐡕𐡅 t IPA: /t/, /θ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Kharoṣṭhī	Abugida 4 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Kharoṣṭhī letter A × Kharoṣṭhī letter A 𐨀 a IPA: /ə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ba × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ba 𐨦 ba IPA: /bə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ga × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ga 𐨒 ga IPA: /gə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Dha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Dha 𐨢 dha IPA: /dʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Ha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ha 𐨱 ha IPA: /hə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Va × Kharoṣṭhī letter Va 𐨬 va IPA: /ʋə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Kharoṣṭhī letter Ja × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ja 𐨗 ja IPA: /ɟə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Gha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Gha 𐨓 gha IPA: /gʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Tha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Tha 𐨠 tha IPA: /tʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ya × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ya 𐨩 ya IPA: /jə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ka × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ka 𐨐 ka IPA: /kə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Kharoṣṭhī letter La × Kharoṣṭhī letter La 𐨫 la IPA: /lə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma 𐨨 ma IPA: /mə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Na × Kharoṣṭhī letter Na 𐨣 na IPA: /nə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Śa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Śa 𐨭 śa IPA: /ɕə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).				Kharoṣṭhī letter Pa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Pa 𐨤 pa IPA: /pə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Sa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Sa 𐨯 sa IPA: /sə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Kha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Kha 𐨑 kha IPA: /kʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ra × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ra 𐨪 ra IPA: /rə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ṣa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ṣa 𐨮 ṣa IPA: /ʂə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Ta × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ta 𐨟 ta IPA: /tə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Early/Ashokan Brahmi	Abugida 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Early Brahmi letter A × Early Brahmi letter A 𑀅 a IPA: /ɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Early Brahmi letter Ba × Early Brahmi letter Ba 𑀩 ba IPA: /bɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) (𐢂), with a closing back stroke.	Early Brahmi letter Bha × Early Brahmi letter Bha 𑀪 bha IPA: /bʱɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) (𐢂), rotated and with a hook to represent the aspirate.	Early Brahmi letter Ga × Early Brahmi letter Ga 𑀕 ga IPA: /gɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Early Brahmi letter Ḍa × Early Brahmi letter Ḍa 𑀟 ḍa IPA: /ɖɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃), reversed.	Early Brahmi letter Dha × Early Brahmi letter Dha 𑀥 dha IPA: /d̪ʱɐ/ Likely derived from a rounded variant of Hellenistic Greek letter Delta (Δ).		Early Brahmi letter Ha × Early Brahmi letter Ha 𑀳 ha IPA: /ɦɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄), reversed and upside down.		Early Brahmi letter U × Early Brahmi letter U 𑀉 u IPA: /u/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅), reversed and upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Va × Early Brahmi letter Va 𑀯 va IPA: /wɐ/, /ʋɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Classical Nabataean letter Waw (𐢈).		Early Brahmi letter Ja × Early Brahmi letter Ja 𑀚 ja IPA: /ɟɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Early Brahmi letter Jha × Early Brahmi letter Jha 𑀛 jha IPA: /ɟʱɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆), with an upper hook to the right to represent the aspirate.			Early Brahmi letter Ṭha × Early Brahmi letter Ṭha 𑀞 ṭha IPA: /ʈʰɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).	Early Brahmi letter Tha × Early Brahmi letter Tha 𑀣 tha IPA: /t̪ʰɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Hellenistic Greek letter Theta (Θ).	Early Brahmi letter Ya × Early Brahmi letter Ya 𑀬 ya IPA: /jɐ/ Likely derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉), upside down with an extension of the middle projection.		Early Brahmi letter Ka × Early Brahmi letter Ka 𑀓 ka IPA: /kɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Hellenistic Greek letter Chi (Χ).	Early Brahmi letter La × Early Brahmi letter La 𑀮 la IPA: /lɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋), reversed.	Early Brahmi letter Ma × Early Brahmi letter Ma 𑀫 ma IPA: /mɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌), with the top closed in a loop and turned upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Ña × Early Brahmi letter Ña 𑀜 ña IPA: /ɲɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).	Early Brahmi letter Ṅa × Early Brahmi letter Ṅa 𑀗 ṅa IPA: /ŋɐ/ Likely derived from Hebrew letter Nun (נ), reversed.	Early Brahmi letter Na × Early Brahmi letter Na 𑀦 na IPA: /nɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Classical Nabataean letter Nun (𐢕).			Early Brahmi letter E × Early Brahmi letter E 𑀏 e IPA: /eː/ Likely derived from a triangular variant of Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).	Early Brahmi letter Gha × Early Brahmi letter Gha 𑀖 gha IPA: /ɡʱɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Late Nabataean letter Ayin.	Early Brahmi letter Ṣa × Early Brahmi letter Ṣa 𑀱 ṣa IPA: /ʂɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐), rotated and upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Sa × Early Brahmi letter Sa 𑀧 sa IPA: /sɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑), upside down, reversed, with a horizontal midline extension to the right.	Early Brahmi letter Ca × Early Brahmi letter Ca 𑀲 ca IPA: /cɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑), upside down, eversed, with the elongation of a hook to the left.	Early Brahmi letter Pa × Early Brahmi letter Pa 𑀘 pa IPA: /pɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē (𐢙), upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Kha × Early Brahmi letter Kha 𑀔 kha IPA: /kʰɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Qoph (𐢚), reversed and upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Ra × Early Brahmi letter Ra 𑀭 ra IPA: /rɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Rēš.	Early Brahmi letter Śa × Early Brahmi letter Śa 𑀰 śa IPA: /ɕɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔), upside down with slight adjustment of the middle extension.			Early Brahmi letter Ta × Early Brahmi letter Ta 𑀢 ta IPA: /t̪ɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Brahmic scripts reworked. Coming soon
Early Steppean Rovash	Alphabet 3 c. BCE - 10 c. CE						Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D × Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D d IPA: /ð/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth (𐭃).									Early Steppean Rovash letter Sz × Early Steppean Rovash letter Sz sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zayin (𐡆). Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz × Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Ja (𐨗).	Early Steppean Rovash letter Gh × Early Steppean Rovash letter Gh gh IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth (𐭇).		Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp T × Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T. Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched T × Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled I × Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled I i IPA: /i/, /e/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed J × Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed J j IPA: /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭩). Early Steppean Rovash letter Circle-ended I × Early Steppean Rovash letter Circle-ended I i IPA: /i/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Yodh.			Early Steppean Rovash letter Crossed L × Early Steppean Rovash letter Crossed L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter La (𐨫). Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp L × Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter La (𐨫).	Early Steppean Rovash letter Open M × Early Steppean Rovash letter Open M m IPA: /m/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open M. Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed G × Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed G g IPA: /g/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph (𐭬).	Early Steppean Rovash letter N × Early Steppean Rovash letter N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed R × Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed R r IPA: /r/ Derived from variant of Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath.				Early Steppean Rovash letter Simple P × Early Steppean Rovash letter Simple P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple P.				Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled Q × Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled Q q IPA: /q/ Attestedly derived from Phoenician letter Angled Q.					Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked T × Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Old Turkic	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 10 c. CE	Old Turkic letter A (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter A (Orkhon variant) 𐰀 a, ä IPA: /ɑ/, /æ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀) or from Old Sogdian letter Aleph (𐼀). Old Turkic letter A (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter A (Yenisei variant) 𐰁 a, ä IPA: /ɑ/, /æ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Old Turkic letter E × Old Turkic letter E 𐰅 e IPA: /e/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter E.	Old Turkic letter Ab (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ab (Orkhon variant) 𐰉 b¹ IPA: /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched B. Old Turkic letter Ab (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ab (Yenisei variant) 𐰊 b¹ IPA: /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched B.		Old Turkic letter Aeg (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aeg (Orkhon variant) 𐰏 g/g² IPA: /g/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Gimel. Old Turkic letter Aeg (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aeg (Yenisei variant) 𐰐 g/g² IPA: /g/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Old Turkic letter Ad (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ad (Orkhon variant) 𐰑 d¹ IPA: /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Teth. Old Turkic letter Ad (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ad (Yenisei variant) 𐰒 d¹ IPA: /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Old Turkic letter Aek (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aek (Orkhon variant) 𐰚 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked K. Old Turkic letter Aek (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aek (Yenisei variant) 𐰛 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄) or from Old Turkic letter Aek (Orkhon variant) (𐰚).		Old Turkic letter O × Old Turkic letter O 𐰆 o, u IPA: /o/, /u/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Waw.				Old Turkic letter Aes × Old Turkic letter Aes 𐰾 s² IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sz.	Old Turkic letter Aq (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aq (Orkhon variant) 𐰴 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇) or from Old Turkic letter Oek (Orkhon variant) (𐰜). Old Turkic letter Aq (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aq (Yenisei variant) 𐰵 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Old Turkic letter Oe (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Oe (Yenisei variant) 𐰇 ö, ü IPA: /ø/, /y/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled Ue.		Old Turkic letter At (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter At (Yenisei variant) 𐱄 t¹ IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Teth. Old Turkic letter Aed × Old Turkic letter Aed 𐰓 d² IPA: /d/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Tha (𐨠).		Old Turkic letter I (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter I (Orkhon variant) 𐰃 ï/ı, i IPA: /ɯ/, /i/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled I. Old Turkic letter I (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter I (Yenisei variant) 𐰄 ï/ı, i IPA: /ɯ/, /i/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Old Turkic letter Aey (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aey (Orkhon variant) 𐰘 y²/j² IPA: /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Yodh. Old Turkic letter Aey (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aey (Yenisei variant) 𐰙 y²/j² IPA: /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Old Turkic letter Ay (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ay (Orkhon variant) 𐰖 y¹/j¹ IPA: /j/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed J. Old Turkic letter Ay (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ay (Yenisei variant) 𐰗 y¹/j¹ IPA: /j/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed J.			Old Turkic letter Al (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Al (Orkhon variant) 𐰞 l¹ IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋), or from ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Lāmaḏ (ܠ), or from Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Lāmaḏ. Old Turkic letter Al (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Al (Yenisei variant) 𐰟 l¹ IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Old Turkic letter Elt × Old Turkic letter Elt 𐰡‎‎ -lt IPA: /lt/, /ld/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Lt.	Old Turkic letter Em × Old Turkic letter Em 𐰢 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Mem.	Old Turkic letter An × Old Turkic letter An 𐰣 n¹ IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter N. Old Turkic letter Aeng (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aeng (Yenisei variant) 𐰮 ñ, ň, ŋ IPA: /ŋ/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Ng. Old Turkic letter Aen (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aen (Orkhon variant) 𐰤 n² IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled N. Old Turkic letter Aen (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aen (Yenisei variant) 𐰥 n² IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled N.			Old Turkic letter As × Old Turkic letter As 𐰽 s¹ IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Old Turkic letter Ash × Old Turkic letter Ash 𐰿 -aš IPA: /aʃ/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed R.				Old Turkic letter Ep × Old Turkic letter Ep 𐰯 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Simple P.	Old Turkic letter Ec (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ec (Orkhon variant) 𐰲 č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Old Turkic letter Ec (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ec (Yenisei variant) 𐰳 č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Old Turkic letter Esh (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Esh (Orkhon variant) 𐱁 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Cha (𐨖). Old Turkic letter Esh (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Esh (Yenisei variant) 𐱂 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Old Turkic letter Esh (Orkhon variant) (𐱁). Old Turkic letter Enc (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Enc (Orkhon variant) 𐰨‎ -nč IPA: /ntʃ/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Sa (𐨯). Old Turkic letter Enc (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Enc (Yenisei variant) 𐰩 -nč IPA: /ntʃ/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Sa (𐨯).			Old Turkic letter Iq (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Iq (Orkhon variant) 𐰶 ıq, qı, q IPA: /ɯq/, /qɯ/, /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Old Turkic letter Iq (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Iq (Yenisei variant) 𐰷 ıq, qı, q IPA: /ɯq/, /qɯ/, /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Old Turkic letter Oek (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Oek (Orkhon variant) 𐰜 ök IPA: /øk/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched K. Old Turkic letter Oek (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Oek (Yenisei variant) 𐰝 ök IPA: /øk/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched K.	Old Turkic letter Ar (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ar (Orkhon variant) 𐰺 r¹ IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓) or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Resh. Old Turkic letter Ar (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ar (Yenisei variant) 𐰻 r¹ IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Old Turkic letter Ic × Old Turkic letter Ic 𐰱 ič, či, č IPA: /itʃ/, /tʃi/, /tʃ/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Zs. Old Turkic letter Ash (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ash (Yenisei variant) 𐱀 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched Sh.			Old Turkic letter Aet (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aet (Orkhon variant) 𐱅‎ t² IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕), or from Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked T. Old Turkic letter Aet (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aet (Yenisei variant) 𐱆 t² IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Hebrew	Abjad c. 2/1 BCE - Present	Hebrew letter Alef × Hebrew letter Alef א אָלֶף a IPA: [a] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Numerical value: 1	Hebrew letter Bet × Hebrew letter Bet ב בֵית v IPA: [v] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Numerical value: 2		Hebrew letter Gimel × Hebrew letter Gimel ג גִימֵל g IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Numerical value: 3		Hebrew letter Dalet × Hebrew letter Dalet ד דָלֶת d IPA: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Numerical value: 4			Hebrew letter He × Hebrew letter He ה הֵא h IPA: [h]~[e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Numerical value: 5		Hebrew letter Vav × Hebrew letter Vav ו וָו v IPA: [v] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Numerical value: 6				Hebrew letter Zayin × Hebrew letter Zayin ז זַיִן z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Numerical value: 7	Hebrew letter Chet × Hebrew letter Chet ח חֵית ch IPA: [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Numerical value: 8		Hebrew letter Tet × Hebrew letter Tet ט טֵית t IPA: [t] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈). Numerical value: 9		Hebrew letter Yod × Hebrew letter Yod י יוֹד y IPA: [j] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Numerical value: 10		Hebrew letter Kaf × Hebrew letter Kaf כ כַף k IPA: [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Numerical value: 20 Hebrew letter Kaf (final) × Hebrew letter Kaf (final) ך כַף סוֹפִית k IPA: [x]~[χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Numerical value: 20 or 500	Hebrew letter Lamed × Hebrew letter Lamed ל לָמֶד l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Numerical value: 30	Hebrew letter Mem × Hebrew letter Mem מ מֵם m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Numerical value: 40 Hebrew letter Mem (final) × Hebrew letter Mem (final) ם מֵם סוֹפִית m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Numerical value: 40 or 600	Hebrew letter Nun × Hebrew letter Nun נ נוּן n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Numerical value: 50 Hebrew letter Nun (final) × Hebrew letter Nun (final) ן נוּן סוֹפִית n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Numerical value: 50 or 700			Hebrew letter Samekh × Hebrew letter Samekh ס סָמֶךְ s IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Numerical value: 60		Hebrew letter Ayin × Hebrew letter Ayin ע עַיִן ʿ IPA: [o]~[ō], ∅ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏). Numerical value: 70		Hebrew letter Pe × Hebrew letter Pe פ פֵא f IPA: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Numerical value: 80 Hebrew letter Pe (final) × Hebrew letter Pe (final) ף פֵא סוֹפִית f IPA: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Numerical value: 80 or 800	Hebrew letter Tsadi × Hebrew letter Tsadi צ צָדִי ts IPA: [ts] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Numerical value: 90 Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) × Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) ץ צָדִי סוֹפִית ts IPA: [ts] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Numerical value: 90 or 900			Hebrew letter Qof × Hebrew letter Qof ק קוֹף k IPA: [k] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Numerical value: 100	Hebrew letter Resh × Hebrew letter Resh ר רֵישׁ r IPA: [ʁ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Numerical value: 200	Hebrew letter Shin × Hebrew letter Shin ש שִׁׂי sh IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Numerical value: 300			Hebrew letter Tav × Hebrew letter Tav ת תָו t IPA: [t] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Numerical value: 400
Square Maalouli	Abjad ??? - ???	Square Maalouli letter Alef × Square Maalouli letter Alef a, e, i, o, u, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū IPA: ∅ Derived from Hebrew letter Alef (א).	Square Maalouli letter Bet × Square Maalouli letter Bet v IPA: /v/ Derived from Hebrew letter Bet (ב).		Square Maalouli letter Gimel × Square Maalouli letter Gimel g IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Gimel (ג).		Square Maalouli letter Dalet × Square Maalouli letter Dalet d IPA: /ð/ Derived from Hebrew letter Dalet (ד).			Square Maalouli letter He × Square Maalouli letter He h IPA: /h/ Derived from Hebrew letter He (ה).		Square Maalouli letter Vav × Square Maalouli letter Vav w IPA: /w/ Derived from Hebrew letter Vav (ו).				Square Maalouli letter Zayin × Square Maalouli letter Zayin z IPA: /z/ Derived from Hebrew letter Zayin (ז).	Square Maalouli letter Ḥet × Square Maalouli letter Ḥet ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Chet (ח).		Square Maalouli letter Ṭet × Square Maalouli letter Ṭet ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tet (ט).		Square Maalouli letter Yod × Square Maalouli letter Yod y IPA: /j/ Derived from Hebrew letter Yod (י).		Square Maalouli letter Kaf × Square Maalouli letter Kaf ẖ IPA: /x/ Derived from Hebrew letter Kaf (כ). Square Maalouli letter Kaf (final) × Square Maalouli letter Kaf (final) ẖ IPA: /x/ Derived from Hebrew letter Kaf (final) (ך).	Square Maalouli letter Lamed × Square Maalouli letter Lamed l IPA: /l/ Derived from Hebrew letter Lamed (ל).	Square Maalouli letter Mem × Square Maalouli letter Mem m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hebrew letter Mem (מ). Square Maalouli letter Mem (final) × Square Maalouli letter Mem (final) m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hebrew letter Mem (final) (ם).	Square Maalouli letter Nun × Square Maalouli letter Nun n IPA: /n/ Derived from Hebrew letter Nun (נ). Square Maalouli letter Nun (final) × Square Maalouli letter Nun (final) n IPA: /n/ Derived from Hebrew letter Nun (final) (ן).			Square Maalouli letter Samekh × Square Maalouli letter Samekh s IPA: /s/ Derived from Hebrew letter Samekh (ס).		Square Maalouli letter Ayin × Square Maalouli letter Ayin ҁ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Ayin (ע).		Square Maalouli letter Pe × Square Maalouli letter Pe f IPA: /f/ Derived from Hebrew letter Pe (פ). Square Maalouli letter Pe (final) × Square Maalouli letter Pe (final) f IPA: /f/ Derived from Hebrew letter Pe (final) (ף).	Square Maalouli letter Tsadi × Square Maalouli letter Tsadi ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tsadi (צ). Square Maalouli letter Tsadi (final) × Square Maalouli letter Tsadi (final) ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) (ץ).			Square Maalouli letter Qof × Square Maalouli letter Qof q IPA: /k/~/ḳ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Qof (ק).	Square Maalouli letter Resh × Square Maalouli letter Resh r IPA: /r/ Derived from Hebrew letter Resh (ר).	Square Maalouli letter Shin × Square Maalouli letter Shin š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Shin (ש).			Square Maalouli letter Tav × Square Maalouli letter Tav ṯ IPA: /θ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tav (ת).
Inscriptional Parthian	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph × Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph 𐭀 𐭀𐭋𐭐 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth 𐭁 𐭁𐭕 b IPA: /b/, /v/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel × Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel 𐭂 𐭂𐭐𐭋 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth 𐭃 𐭃𐭋𐭕 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Inscriptional Parthian letter He × Inscriptional Parthian letter He 𐭄 𐭄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw × Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw 𐭅 𐭅𐭅 w IPA: /v/, /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin × Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin 𐭆 𐭆𐭉𐭍 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth 𐭇 𐭇𐭕 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth 𐭈 𐭈𐭕 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh 𐭉 𐭉𐭃 j IPA: /j/, /ĕː/, /ĭː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph × Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph 𐭊 𐭊𐭐 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh 𐭋 𐭋𐭌𐭃 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem × Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem 𐭌 𐭌𐭌 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun × Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun 𐭍 𐭍𐭍 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh 𐭎 𐭎𐭌𐭊 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Ayin × Inscriptional Parthian letter Ayin 𐭏 𐭏𐭉𐭃 ʿ IPA: /ʔ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe × Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe 𐭐 𐭐 p IPA: /p/, /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe × Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe 𐭑 𐭑𐭃 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Inscriptional Parthian letter Qoph × Inscriptional Parthian letter Qoph 𐭒 𐭒𐭐 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Resh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Resh 𐭓 𐭓𐭔 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Shin × Inscriptional Parthian letter Shin 𐭔 𐭔𐭍 sh IPA: /ʃ/, /ʒ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw × Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw 𐭕 𐭕𐭅 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Inscriptional Pahlavi	Abjad 3 c. CE - 6 c. CE	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph 𐭠 𐭠𐭋𐭐 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph (𐭀).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth 𐭡 𐭡𐭕 b IPA: /b/, /w/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth (𐭁).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel 𐭢 𐭢𐭌𐭋 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel (𐭂).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth 𐭣 𐭣𐭫𐭲 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth (𐭃).			Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He 𐭤 𐭤 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter He (𐭄).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐭥 w, ʿ, r IPA: /u/, /o/, /v/, /ʕ/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw (𐭅).				Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin 𐭦 𐭦𐭩𐭭 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin (𐭆).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth 𐭧 𐭧𐭲 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth (𐭇).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth 𐭨 𐭨𐭲 t IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth (𐭈).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh 𐭩 𐭩𐭣 j IPA: /j/, /eː/, /iː/, /d̠͡ʒ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh (𐭉).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph 𐭪 𐭪𐭯 k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph (𐭊).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh 𐭫 𐭫𐭬𐭣 l IPA: /l/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph 𐭬 m, q IPA: /m/, /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem (𐭌).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun 𐭭 𐭭𐭭 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun (𐭍).			Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh 𐭮 𐭮𐭬𐭪 s IPA: /s/, /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh (𐭎).				Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe 𐭯 𐭯 p IPA: /p/, /b/, /f/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe (𐭐).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe 𐭰 𐭰𐭣 s IPA: /t̠͡ʃ/, /d̠͡ʒ/, /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe (𐭑).					Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin 𐭱 𐭱𐭭 sh IPA: /ʃ// Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Šīn (𐭔).			Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw 𐭲 𐭲𐭥 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw (𐭕).
Book Pahlavi	Abjad 5 c. CE - Present	Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth × Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth ʾ, h, x Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph (𐭠).	Book Pahlavi letter Beth × Book Pahlavi letter Beth b Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth (𐭡).		Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh × Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh g, d, y Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel (𐭢).		Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth × Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth d Used in historical spellings. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth (𐭣).			Book Pahlavi letter He × Book Pahlavi letter He h Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He (𐭤).		Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh × Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh w, n, ʿ, r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).				Book Pahlavi letter Zayin × Book Pahlavi letter Zayin z Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin (𐭆).							Book Pahlavi letter Kaph × Book Pahlavi letter Kaph k Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊). Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph × Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph k Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊).	Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh × Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh × Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh l, r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh × Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh l Used in Aramaic heterograms. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh × Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh l Used in Aramaic heterograms. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph m, q Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem (𐭌).				Book Pahlavi letter Samekh × Book Pahlavi letter Samekh s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎). Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh × Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎).				Book Pahlavi letter Pe × Book Pahlavi letter Pe p Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe (𐭐).	Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe (𐭑).					Book Pahlavi letter Shin × Book Pahlavi letter Shin sh Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin (𐭔).			Book Pahlavi letter Taw × Book Pahlavi letter Taw t Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw (𐭕).
Avestan	Alphabet 5/6 c. CE - Present	Avestan letter A × Avestan letter A 𐬀 a IPA: /a/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth.	Avestan letter Be × Avestan letter Be 𐬠 b IPA: /b/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Beth.				Avestan letter De × Avestan letter De 𐬛 d IPA: /d/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh.					Avestan letter Ne × Avestan letter Ne 𐬥 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter I × Avestan letter I 𐬌 i IPA: /ɪ/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter Re × Avestan letter Re 𐬭 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter Ae × Avestan letter Ae 𐬆 ə IPA: /ə/ Derived from Cursive Greek letter Epsilon (ε)..				Avestan letter Ze × Avestan letter Ze 𐬰 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Zayin.							Avestan letter Ke × Avestan letter Ke 𐬐 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Kaph. Avestan letter Ghe × Avestan letter Ghe 𐬖 γ IPA: /ɣ/ Resembles Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐮉)..		Avestan letter Me × Avestan letter Me 𐬨 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph.				Avestan letter Se × Avestan letter Se 𐬯 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Samekh.				Avestan letter Pe × Avestan letter Pe 𐬞 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Pe.						Avestan letter She × Avestan letter She 𐬱 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Shin.			Avestan letter Te × Avestan letter Te 𐬙 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Taw.
Psalter Pahlavi	Abjad Mid 6 c. CE - 7 c. CE	Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph 𐮀 𐮀𐮊𐮎 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph (𐭠).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth 𐮁 𐮁𐮑 b IPA: /b/, /w/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth (𐭡).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel × Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel 𐮂 𐮂𐮋𐮊 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel (𐭢).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth 𐮃 𐮃𐮊𐮑 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth (𐭣).			Psalter Pahlavi letter He × Psalter Pahlavi letter He 𐮄 𐮄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He (𐭤).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐮅 w, ʿ, r IPA: /u/, /o/, /v/, /ʕ/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin × Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin 𐮆 𐮆𐮈𐮌 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin (𐭆).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth 𐮇 𐮇𐮑 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth (𐭇).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh 𐮈 𐮈𐮃 j IPA: /j/, /eː/, /iː/, /d̠͡ʒ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭉).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph 𐮉 𐮉𐮎 k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh 𐮊 𐮊𐮋𐮃 l IPA: /l/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph 𐮋 m, q IPA: /m/, /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem (𐭌).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun × Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun 𐮌 𐮌𐮌 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun (𐭍).			Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh 𐮍 𐮍𐮋𐮉 s IPA: /s/, /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe × Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe 𐮎 𐮎 p IPA: /p/, /b/, /f/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe (𐭐).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe 𐮏 𐮏𐮃 s IPA: /t̠͡ʃ/, /d̠͡ʒ/, /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe (𐭑).					Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin × Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin 𐮐 𐮐𐮌 sh IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin (𐭔).			Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw × Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw 𐮑 𐮑𐮅 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw (𐭕).
Elymaic	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Elymaic letter Aleph × Elymaic letter Aleph 𐿠 𐿠𐿫𐿰 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Elymaic letter Beth × Elymaic letter Beth 𐿡 𐿡𐿵 b Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Elymaic letter Gimel × Elymaic letter Gimel 𐿢‎ 𐿢𐿬𐿫 g Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Elymaic letter Daleth × Elymaic letter Daleth 𐿣 𐿣𐿫𐿵 d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Elymaic letter He × Elymaic letter He 𐿤 𐿤 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Elymaic letter Waw × Elymaic letter Waw 𐿥 𐿥𐿥 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Elymaic letter Zayin × Elymaic letter Zayin 𐿦 𐿦𐿩𐿭 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Elymaic letter Heth × Elymaic letter Heth 𐿧 𐿧𐿵 ḥ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Elymaic letter Teth × Elymaic letter Teth 𐿨 𐿨𐿵 ṭ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Elymaic letter Yodh × Elymaic letter Yodh 𐿩 𐿩𐿣 j Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Elymaic letter Kaph × Elymaic letter Kaph 𐿪 𐿪𐿰 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Elymaic letter Lamedh × Elymaic letter Lamedh 𐿫 𐿫𐿬𐿣 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Elymaic letter Mem × Elymaic letter Mem 𐿬 𐿬𐿬 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Elymaic letter Nun × Elymaic letter Nun 𐿭 𐿭𐿭 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Elymaic letter Samekh × Elymaic letter Samekh 𐿮 𐿮𐿬𐿪 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Elymaic letter Ayin × Elymaic letter Ayin 𐿯 𐿯𐿩𐿭 ʿ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Elymaic letter Pe × Elymaic letter Pe 𐿰 𐿰 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Elymaic letter Sadhe × Elymaic letter Sadhe 𐿱 𐿱𐿣 ṣ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Elymaic letter Qoph × Elymaic letter Qoph 𐿲 𐿲𐿰 q Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Elymaic letter Res × Elymaic letter Res 𐿳 𐿳𐿴 r Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Elymaic letter Shin × Elymaic letter Shin 𐿴 𐿴𐿭 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Elymaic letter Taw × Elymaic letter Taw 𐿵 𐿵𐿥 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Classical Nabataean	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph × Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph 𐢁 𐢁𐢑𐢘 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph (final) 𐢀 𐢁𐢑𐢘 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Classical Nabataean letter Bēth × Classical Nabataean letter Bēth 𐢃 𐢃𐢞 b IPA: [b] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) 𐢂 𐢃𐢞 b IPA: [b] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Classical Nabataean letter Gāmal × Classical Nabataean letter Gāmal 𐢄 𐢄𐢓𐢐 g IPA: [ɡ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Classical Nabataean letter Dālath × Classical Nabataean letter Dālath 𐢅 𐢅𐢑𐢞 d IPA: [d] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Classical Nabataean letter Hē × Classical Nabataean letter Hē 𐢇 𐢇 h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Classical Nabataean letter Hē (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Hē (final) 𐢆 𐢇 h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Classical Nabataean letter Waw × Classical Nabataean letter Waw 𐢈 w IPA: [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Classical Nabataean letter Zain × Classical Nabataean letter Zain 𐢉 𐢉𐢍𐢔 z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Classical Nabataean letter Khēth × Classical Nabataean letter Khēth 𐢊 𐢊𐢞 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Classical Nabataean letter Ṭēth × Classical Nabataean letter Ṭēth 𐢋 𐢋𐢞 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Classical Nabataean letter Iodh × Classical Nabataean letter Iodh 𐢍 𐢍𐢅 y IPA: [j] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (final) 𐢌 𐢍𐢅 y IPA: [j] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Classical Nabataean letter Kāph × Classical Nabataean letter Kāph 𐢏 𐢏𐢘 k IPA: [k] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Classical Nabataean letter Kāph (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Kāph (final) 𐢎 𐢏𐢘 k IPA: [k] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh × Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh 𐢑 𐢑𐢓𐢅 l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (final) 𐢐 𐢑𐢓𐢅 l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Classical Nabataean letter Mem × Classical Nabataean letter Mem 𐢓 𐢓𐢒 m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Classical Nabataean letter Mem (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Mem (final) 𐢒 𐢓𐢒 m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Classical Nabataean letter Nun × Classical Nabataean letter Nun 𐢕 𐢕𐢔 n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Classical Nabataean letter Nun (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Nun (final) 𐢔 𐢕𐢔 n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Classical Nabataean letter Semkath × Classical Nabataean letter Semkath 𐢖 𐢖𐢓𐢎 ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Classical Nabataean letter Ayin × Classical Nabataean letter Ayin 𐢗 𐢗𐢍𐢔 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Classical Nabataean letter Pē × Classical Nabataean letter Pē 𐢘 𐢘 p IPA: [p] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē × Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē 𐢙 𐢙𐢅 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Classical Nabataean letter Qoph × Classical Nabataean letter Qoph 𐢚 𐢚𐢘 q IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Classical Nabataean letter Rēš × Classical Nabataean letter Rēš 𐢛 𐢛𐢜 r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Classical Nabataean letter Šīn × Classical Nabataean letter Šīn 𐢝 𐢝𐢔 š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Classical Nabataean letter Šīn (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Šīn (final) 𐢜 𐢝𐢔 š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Classical Nabataean letter Taw × Classical Nabataean letter Taw 𐢞 𐢞𐢈 t IPA: [t] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Late Nabataean	Abjad 3 c. CE - 5 c. CE	Late Nabataean letter Ālaph × Late Nabataean letter Ālaph ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph (𐢁).	Late Nabataean letter Bēth × Late Nabataean letter Bēth b IPA: [b] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (𐢃).		Late Nabataean letter Gāmal × Late Nabataean letter Gāmal g IPA: [ɡ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Gāmal (𐢄).		Late Nabataean letter Dālath × Late Nabataean letter Dālath d IPA: [d] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Dālath (𐢅).			Late Nabataean letter Hē × Late Nabataean letter Hē h IPA: [h] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Hē (𐢇). Late Nabataean letter Hē (final) × Late Nabataean letter Hē (final) h IPA: [h] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Hē (final) (𐢆).		Late Nabataean letter Waw × Late Nabataean letter Waw w IPA: [w] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Waw (𐢈).				Late Nabataean letter Zain × Late Nabataean letter Zain z IPA: [z] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Zain (𐢉).	Late Nabataean letter Khēth × Late Nabataean letter Khēth ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Khēth (𐢊).		Late Nabataean letter Ṭēth × Late Nabataean letter Ṭēth ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ṭēth (𐢋).		Late Nabataean letter Iodh × Late Nabataean letter Iodh y IPA: [j] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (𐢍). Late Nabataean letter Iodh (final) × Late Nabataean letter Iodh (final) y IPA: [j] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (final) (𐢌).		Late Nabataean letter Kāph × Late Nabataean letter Kāph k IPA: [k] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Kāph (𐢏).	Late Nabataean letter Lāmadh × Late Nabataean letter Lāmadh l IPA: [l] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (𐢑).	Late Nabataean letter Mem × Late Nabataean letter Mem m IPA: [m] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Mem (𐢓).	Late Nabataean letter Nun × Late Nabataean letter Nun n IPA: [n] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Nun (𐢕).			Late Nabataean letter Semkath × Late Nabataean letter Semkath ś IPA: [s] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Semkath (𐢖).		Late Nabataean letter Ayin × Late Nabataean letter Ayin ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ayin (𐢗).		Late Nabataean letter Pē × Late Nabataean letter Pē p IPA: [p] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Pē (𐢘).	Late Nabataean letter Ṩādhē × Late Nabataean letter Ṩādhē ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē (𐢙).			Late Nabataean letter Qoph × Late Nabataean letter Qoph q IPA: [q] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Qoph (𐢚).	Late Nabataean letter Rēš × Late Nabataean letter Rēš r IPA: [r] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Rēš (𐢛).	Late Nabataean letter Šīn × Late Nabataean letter Šīn š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Šīn (𐢝).			Late Nabataean letter Taw × Late Nabataean letter Taw t IPA: [t] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Taw (𐢞).
Arabic	Abjad 4 c. CE - Present	Arabic letter ʾalif × Arabic letter ʾalif ا أَلِف ʾ IPA: /aː/, /ʔ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ālaph. Numerical value: 1	Arabic letter Bāʾ × Arabic letter Bāʾ ب بَاء b IPA: /b/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Bēth. Numerical value: 2		Arabic letter Jīm × Arabic letter Jīm ج جِيم j IPA: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Gāmal. Numerical value: 3		Arabic letter Dāl × Arabic letter Dāl د دَال d IPA: /d/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Dālath. Numerical value: 4			Arabic letter Hāʾ × Arabic letter Hāʾ ه هَاء h IPA: /h/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Hē. Numerical value: 5		Arabic letter Wāw × Arabic letter Wāw و وَاو w IPA: /w/, /uː/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Waw. Numerical value: 6				Arabic letter Zāy × Arabic letter Zāy ز زَاي z IPA: /z/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Zain. Numerical value: 7	Arabic letter Ḥāʾ × Arabic letter Ḥāʾ ح حَاء ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Khēth. Numerical value: 8		Arabic letter Ṭāʾ × Arabic letter Ṭāʾ ط طَاء ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ṭēth. Numerical value: 9		Arabic letter Yāʾ × Arabic letter Yāʾ ي يَاء y IPA: /j/, /iː/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Iodh. Numerical value: 10		Arabic letter Kāf × Arabic letter Kāf ك كَاف k IPA: /k/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Kāph. Numerical value: 20	Arabic letter Lām × Arabic letter Lām ل لاَم l IPA: /l/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Lāmadh. Numerical value: 30	Arabic letter Mīm × Arabic letter Mīm م مِيم m IPA: /m/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Mem. Numerical value: 40	Arabic letter Nūn × Arabic letter Nūn ن نُون n IPA: /n/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Nun. Numerical value: 50					Arabic letter ʿayn × Arabic letter ʿayn ع عَيْن ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ayin. Numerical value: 70		Arabic letter Fāʾ × Arabic letter Fāʾ ف فَاء f IPA: /f/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Pē. Numerical value: 80	Arabic letter Ṣād × Arabic letter Ṣād ص صَاد ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ṩādhē. Numerical value: 90			Arabic letter Qāf × Arabic letter Qāf ق قَاف q IPA: /q/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Qoph. Numerical value: 100	Arabic letter Rāʾ × Arabic letter Rāʾ ر رَاء r IPA: /r/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Rēš. Numerical value: 200	Arabic letter Sīn × Arabic letter Sīn س سِين s IPA: /s/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Šīn. Numerical value: 60			Arabic letter Tāʾ × Arabic letter Tāʾ ت تَاء t IPA: /t/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Taw. Numerical value: 400
Palmyrene	Abjad 1 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Palmyrene letter Aleph × Palmyrene letter Aleph 𐡠 𐡠𐡫𐡱 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Palmyrene letter Beth × Palmyrene letter Beth 𐡡 𐡡𐡶 b Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Palmyrene letter Gimel × Palmyrene letter Gimel 𐡢‎ 𐡢𐡬𐡫 g Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Palmyrene letter Daleth × Palmyrene letter Daleth 𐡣 𐡣𐡫𐡶 d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Palmyrene letter He × Palmyrene letter He 𐡤 𐡤 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Palmyrene letter Waw × Palmyrene letter Waw 𐡥‎ 𐡥𐡥 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Palmyrene letter Zayin × Palmyrene letter Zayin 𐡦 𐡦𐡩𐡣 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Palmyrene letter Heth × Palmyrene letter Heth 𐡧 𐡧𐡶 ḥ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Palmyrene letter Teth × Palmyrene letter Teth 𐡨 𐡨𐡶 ṭ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Palmyrene letter Yodh × Palmyrene letter Yodh 𐡩 𐡩𐡣 j Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Palmyrene letter Kaph × Palmyrene letter Kaph 𐡪 𐡪𐡱 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Palmyrene letter Lamedh × Palmyrene letter Lamedh 𐡫 𐡫𐡬𐡣 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Palmyrene letter Mem × Palmyrene letter Mem 𐡬 𐡬𐡬 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Palmyrene letter Nun × Palmyrene letter Nun 𐡮 𐡮𐡭 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Palmyrene letter Nun (final) × Palmyrene letter Nun (final) 𐡭 𐡮𐡭 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Palmyrene letter Samekh × Palmyrene letter Samekh 𐡯 𐡯𐡬𐡪 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Palmyrene letter Ayin × Palmyrene letter Ayin 𐡰 𐡰𐡦𐡭 ʿ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Palmyrene letter Pe × Palmyrene letter Pe 𐡱 𐡱 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Palmyrene letter Sadhe × Palmyrene letter Sadhe 𐡲 𐡲𐡣 ṣ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Palmyrene letter Qoph × Palmyrene letter Qoph 𐡳 𐡳𐡱 q Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Palmyrene letter Res × Palmyrene letter Res 𐡴 𐡴𐡵 r Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Palmyrene letter Shin × Palmyrene letter Shin 𐡵 𐡵𐡭 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Palmyrene letter Taw × Palmyrene letter Taw 𐡶 𐡶𐡥 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Hatran	Abjad c. 98 BCE - 240 CE	Hatran letter Aleph × Hatran letter Aleph 𐣠 𐣠𐣫𐣰 ʾ IPA: [ʔ], ∅ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Hatran letter Beth × Hatran letter Beth 𐣡 𐣡𐣵 hard: b, soft: ḇ IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Hatran letter Gimel × Hatran letter Gimel 𐣢‎ 𐣢𐣬𐣫 hard: g, soft: ḡ IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Hatran letter Daleth × Hatran letter Daleth 𐣣 𐣣𐣫𐣵 hard: d, soft: ḏ IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Hatran letter He × Hatran letter He 𐣤 𐣤 h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Hatran letter Waw × Hatran letter Waw 𐣥 𐣥𐣥 consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Hatran letter Zayin × Hatran letter Zayin 𐣦 𐣦𐣩𐣭 z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Hatran letter Heth × Hatran letter Heth 𐣧 𐣧𐣵 ḥ IPA: [ħ], [x], or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Hatran letter Teth × Hatran letter Teth 𐣨 𐣨𐣵 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Hatran letter Yodh × Hatran letter Yodh 𐣩 𐣩𐣣 consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Hatran letter Kaph × Hatran letter Kaph 𐣪‎ 𐣪𐣰 hard: k, soft: ḵ IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Hatran letter Lamedh × Hatran letter Lamedh 𐣫 𐣫𐣬𐣣 l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Hatran letter Mem × Hatran letter Mem 𐣬 𐣬𐣬 m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Hatran letter Nun × Hatran letter Nun 𐣭 𐣭𐣭 n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Hatran letter Samekh × Hatran letter Samekh 𐣮 𐣮𐣬𐣪 s IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Hatran letter Ayin × Hatran letter Ayin 𐣯 𐣯𐣩𐣭 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Hatran letter Pe × Hatran letter Pe 𐣰 𐣰 hard: p, soft: p̄ IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Hatran letter Sadhe × Hatran letter Sadhe 𐣱 𐣱𐣣 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Hatran letter Qoph × Hatran letter Qoph 𐣲 𐣲𐣰 q IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Hatran letter Res × Hatran letter Res 𐣣 𐣣𐣴 r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Hatran letter Shin × Hatran letter Shin 𐣴 𐣴𐣭 š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Hatran letter Taw × Hatran letter Taw 𐣵 𐣵𐣥 hard: t, soft: ṯ IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Syriac	Abjad 1 c. CE - Present	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʾĀlep̄ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʾĀlep̄ ܐ ܐܠܦ ʾ, ∅, mater lectionis: ā IPA: [ʔ], ∅, mater lectionis: [ɑ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Numerical value: 1 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʾĀlap̄ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʾĀlep̄ ܐ ܐܠܦ ʾ, ∅, mater lectionis: ā IPA: [ʔ], ∅, mater lectionis: [ɑ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Numerical value: 1 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʾĀlap̄/Olaf × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʾĀlap̄/Olaf ʾ, ∅, mater lectionis: ā IPA: [ʔ], ∅, mater lectionis: [ɑ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Numerical value: 1	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Bēṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Bēṯ ܒ ܒܝܬ hard: b, soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Numerical value: 2 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Bēṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Bēṯ ܒ ܒܝܬ hard: b, soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Numerical value: 2 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Bēṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Bēṯ hard: b, soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Numerical value: 2		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Gāmal × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Gāmal ܓ ܓܡܠ hard: g, soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Numerical value: 3 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Gāmal × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Gāmal ܓ ܓܡܠ hard: g, soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Numerical value: 3 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Gāmal × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Gāmal hard: g, soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Numerical value: 3		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Dālaṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Dālaṯ ܕ ܕܠܬ hard: d, soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Numerical value: 4 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Dālaṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Dālaṯ ܕ ܕܠܬ hard: d, soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Numerical value: 4 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Dālaṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Dālaṯ hard: d, soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Numerical value: 4			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Hē × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Hē ܗ ܗܐ h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Numerical value: 5 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Hē × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Hē ܗ ܗܐ h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Numerical value: 5 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Hē × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Hē h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Numerical value: 5		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Waw × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Waw ܘ ܘܘ consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Numerical value: 6 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Waw × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Waw ܘ ܘܘ consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Numerical value: 6 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Waw × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Waw consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Numerical value: 6				ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Zayn × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Zayn ܙ ܙܝܢ z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Numerical value: 7 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Zayn × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Zayn ܙ ܙܝܢ z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Numerical value: 7 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Zayn × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Zayn z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Numerical value: 7	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ḥēṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ḥēṯ ܚ ܛܝܬ ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) IPA: [ħ], [x] or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Numerical value: 8 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ḥēṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ḥēṯ ܚ ܛܝܬ ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) IPA: [ħ], [x] or [χ] Numerical value: 8 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ḥēṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ḥēṯ ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) IPA: [ħ], [x] or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Numerical value: 8		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṭēṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṭēṯ ܛ ܛܝܬ ṭ (also T or ţ) IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈). Numerical value: 9 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṭēṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṭēṯ ܛ ܛܝܬ ṭ (also T or ţ) IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈). Numerical value: 9 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṭēṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṭēṯ/h3> ṭ (also T or ţ) IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈). Numerical value: 9		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Yōḏ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Yōḏ ܝ ܝܘܕ consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī (also i) IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Numerical value: 10 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Yōḏ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Yōḏ ܝ ܝܘܕ consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī (also i) IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Numerical value: 10 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Yōḏ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Yōḏ consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī (also i) IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Numerical value: 10		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Kāp̄ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Kāp̄ ܟ ܟܦ hard: k, soft: ḵ (also kh or x) IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Numerical value: 20 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Kāp̄ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Kāp̄ ܟ ܟܦ hard: k, soft: ḵ (also kh or x) IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Numerical value: 20 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Kāp̄ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Kāp̄ hard: k, soft: ḵ (also kh or x) IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Numerical value: 20	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Lāmaḏ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Lāmaḏ ܠ ܠܡܕ l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Numerical value: 30 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Lāmaḏ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Lāmaḏ ܠ ܠܡܕ l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Numerical value: 30 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Lāmaḏ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Lāmaḏ l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Numerical value: 30	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Mīm × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Mīm ܡ ܡܝܡ m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Numerical value: 40 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Mīm × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Mīm ܡ ܡܝܡ m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Numerical value: 40 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Mīm × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Mīm m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Numerical value: 40	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Nūn × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Nūn ܢ ܢܘܢ n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Numerical value: 50 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Nūn × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Nūn ܢ ܢܘܢ n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Numerical value: 50 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Nūn × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Nūn n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Numerical value: 50			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Semkaṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Semkaṯ ܣ ܣܡܟܬ ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Numerical value: 60 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Semkaṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Semkaṯ ܣ ܣܡܟܬ ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Numerical value: 60 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Semkaṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Semkaṯ ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Numerical value: 60		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʿĒ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʿĒ ܥ ܥܐ ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏). Numerical value: 70 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʿĒ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʿĒ ܥ ܥܐ ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏). Numerical value: 70 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʿĒ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʿĒ ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏). Numerical value: 70		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Pē × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Pē ܦ ܦܐ hard: p, soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Numerical value: 80 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Pē × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Pē ܦ ܦܐ hard: p, soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Numerical value: 80 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Pē × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Pē hard: p, soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Numerical value: 80	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṣāḏē × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṣāḏē ܨ ܨܕܐ ṣ (also S or ş) IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Numerical value: 90 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṣāḏē × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṣāḏē ܨ ܨܕܐ ṣ (also S or ş) IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Numerical value: 90 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṣāḏē × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṣāḏē ṣ (also S or ş) IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Numerical value: 90			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Qōp̄ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Qōp̄ ܩ ܩܘܦ q (also ḳ) IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Numerical value: 100 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Qōp̄ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Qōp̄ ܩ ܩܘܦ q (also ḳ) IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Numerical value: 100 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Qōp̄ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Qōp̄ q (also ḳ) IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Numerical value: 100	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Rēš × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Rēš ܪ ܪܝܫ r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Numerical value: 200 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Rēš × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Rēš ܪ ܪܝܫ r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Numerical value: 200 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Rēš × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Rēš r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Numerical value: 200	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Šīn × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Šīn ܫ ܫܝܢ š (also sh) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Numerical value: 300 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Šīn × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Šīn ܫ ܫܝܢ š (also sh) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Numerical value: 300 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Šīn × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Šīn š (also sh) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Numerical value: 300			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Taw × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Taw ܬ ܬܘ hard: t, soft: ṯ (also th or θ) IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Numerical value: 400 Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Taw × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Taw ܬ ܬܘ hard: t, soft: ṯ (also th or θ) IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Numerical value: 400 Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Taw × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Taw hard: t, soft: ṯ (also th or θ) IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Numerical value: 400
Sogdian	Abjad 1/2 c. CE - 11 c. CE	Old Sogdian letter Aleph × Old Sogdian letter Aleph 𐼀 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Cursive Sogdian letter Aleph × Cursive Sogdian letter Aleph 𐼰 ʾ Derived from Old Sogdian letter Aleph (𐼀).	Old Sogdian letter Beth × Old Sogdian letter Beth 𐼂 β Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Cursive Sogdian letter Beth × Cursive Sogdian letter Beth 𐼱 β Derived from Old Sogdian letter Beth (𐼂).		Old Sogdian letter Gimel × Old Sogdian letter Gimel 𐼄 γ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Cursive Sogdian letter Gimel × Cursive Sogdian letter Gimel 𐼲 γ Derived from Old Sogdian letter Gimel (𐼄).					Old Sogdian letter He × Old Sogdian letter He 𐼅 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Cursive Sogdian letter He × Cursive Sogdian letter He 𐼳 h Derived from Old Sogdian letter He (𐼅).		Old Sogdian letter Waw × Old Sogdian letter Waw 𐼇 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Cursive Sogdian letter Waw × Cursive Sogdian letter Waw 𐼴 w Derived from Old Sogdian letter Waw (𐼇).				Old Sogdian letter Zayn × Old Sogdian letter Zayn 𐼈 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Cursive Sogdian letter Zayn × Cursive Sogdian letter Zayn 𐼵 z Derived from Old Sogdian letter Zayn (𐼈).	Old Sogdian letter Heth × Old Sogdian letter Heth 𐼉 x Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Cursive Sogdian letter Heth × Cursive Sogdian letter Heth 𐼶 x Derived from Old Sogdian letter Heth (𐼉).				Old Sogdian letter Yodh × Old Sogdian letter Yodh 𐼊 y Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Cursive Sogdian letter Yodh × Cursive Sogdian letter Yodh 𐼷 y Derived from Old Sogdian letter Yodh (𐼊).		Old Sogdian letter Kaph × Old Sogdian letter Kaph 𐼋 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Cursive Sogdian letter Kaph × Cursive Sogdian letter Kaph 𐼸 k Derived from Old Sogdian letter Kaph (𐼋).	Old Sogdian letter Lamedh × Old Sogdian letter Lamedh 𐼌 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Cursive Sogdian letter Lamedh × Cursive Sogdian letter Lamedh 𐼹 l Derived from Old Sogdian letter Lamedh (𐼌).	Old Sogdian letter Mem × Old Sogdian letter Mem 𐼍 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Cursive Sogdian letter Mem × Cursive Sogdian letter Mem 𐼺 m Derived from Old Sogdian letter Mem (𐼍).	Old Sogdian letter Nun × Old Sogdian letter Nun 𐼎 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Cursive Sogdian letter Nun × Cursive Sogdian letter Nun 𐼻 n Derived from Old Sogdian letter Nun (𐼎).			Old Sogdian letter Samekh × Old Sogdian letter Samekh 𐼑 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Cursive Sogdian letter Samekh × Cursive Sogdian letter Samekh 𐼼 s Derived from Old Sogdian letter Samekh (𐼑).				Old Sogdian letter Pe × Old Sogdian letter Pe 𐼔 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Cursive Sogdian letter Pe × Cursive Sogdian letter Pe 𐼾 p Derived from Old Sogdian letter Pe (𐼔).	Old Sogdian letter Sadhe × Old Sogdian letter Sadhe 𐼕 c Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Cursive Sogdian letter Sadhe × Cursive Sogdian letter Sadhe 𐼿 c Derived from Old Sogdian letter Sadhe (𐼕).				Old Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin-Daleth × Old Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin-Daleth 𐼘 r, ˁ, d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Cursive Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin × Cursive Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin 𐽀 r, ˁ Derived from Old Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin-Daleth (𐼘).	Old Sogdian letter Shin × Old Sogdian letter Shin 𐼙 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Cursive Sogdian letter Shin × Cursive Sogdian letter Shin 𐽁 š Derived from Old Sogdian letter Shin (𐼙).			Old Sogdian letter Taw × Old Sogdian letter Taw 𐼚 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Cursive Sogdian letter Taw × Cursive Sogdian letter Taw 𐽂 t Derived from Old Sogdian letter Taw (𐼚).
Old Uyghur	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 17 c. CE	Old Uyghur letter Aleph × Old Uyghur letter Aleph 𐽰 ʾ Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Aleph rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼰).	Old Uyghur letter Beth × Old Uyghur letter Beth 𐽱 w/v Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Beth rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼱).		Old Uyghur letter Gimel × Old Uyghur letter Gimel 𐽲 γ Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Gimel rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼲).							Old Uyghur letter Waw × Old Uyghur letter Waw 𐽳 w Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Waw rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼴).				Old Uyghur letter Zayin × Old Uyghur letter Zayin 𐽴 z Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Zayin rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼵‎).	Old Uyghur letter Heth × Old Uyghur letter Heth 𐽵 x, q Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Heth rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼶).				Old Uyghur letter Yodh × Old Uyghur letter Yodh 𐽶 y Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Yodh rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼷‎).		Old Uyghur letter Kaph × Old Uyghur letter Kaph 𐽷 k ~ g Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Kāph rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼸‎).	Old Uyghur letter Lamedh × Old Uyghur letter Lamedh 𐽸 d Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Lāmadh rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼹‎).	Old Uyghur letter Mem × Old Uyghur letter Mem 𐽹 m Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Mem rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼺‎‎).	Old Uyghur letter Nun × Old Uyghur letter Nun 𐽺 n Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Nun rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼻‎).			Old Uyghur letter Samekh × Old Uyghur letter Samekh 𐽻 s Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Semkath rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼼‎).				Old Uyghur letter Pe × Old Uyghur letter Pe 𐽼 b, p Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Pē rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼾).	Old Uyghur letter Sadhe × Old Uyghur letter Sadhe 𐽽 č Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Ṩādhē rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐼿‎).				Old Uyghur letter Resh × Old Uyghur letter Resh 𐽾 r Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Rēš rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐽀).	Old Uyghur letter Shin × Old Uyghur letter Shin 𐽿 s Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Šīn rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐽁‎).			Old Uyghur letter Taw × Old Uyghur letter Taw 𐾀 t Derived from Cursive Sogdian letter Taw rotated 90° counterclockwise (𐽂‎).
Mongolian	Alphabet 1204 CE - Present	Mongolian letter E × Mongolian letter E ᠡ e э Khalkha pronunciation:: /ə/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /ə/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Aleph (𐽰). Masculine vowel.			Mongolian letter Q/K × Mongolian letter Q/K ᠬ q/k х Khalkha pronunciation:: /x/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /x/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Gimel or Heth (𐽲).												Mongolian letter ɣ/G × Mongolian letter ɣ/G ᠭ ɣ/g г Khalkha pronunciation:: /ɢ/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /ɣ/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter double dotted Heth (𐽲𐾄).				Mongolian letter J × Mongolian letter J ᠵ‍ j ж Khalkha pronunciation:: /d͡ʒ/, /d͡z/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Yodh (𐽶).		Mongolian letter K × Mongolian letter K k Khalkha pronunciation:: /k/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /k/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Kaph (𐽷).	Mongolian letter D × Mongolian letter D ᠳ d д Khalkha pronunciation:: /t/, /tʰ/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /d/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Lamedh (𐽸).	Mongolian letter M × Mongolian letter M ᠮ‍ m м Khalkha pronunciation:: /m/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /m/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Mem (𐽹).	Mongolian letter N × Mongolian letter N ᠨ‍ n н Khalkha pronunciation:: /n/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /n/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter dotted Nun (𐽺𐾂).			Mongolian letter S × Mongolian letter S ᠰ‍ s с Khalkha pronunciation:: /s/ or /ʃ/ before i Chakhar pronunciation:: /s/ or /ʃ/ before i Derived from Old Uyghur letter Samekh (𐽻).				Mongolian letter B × Mongolian letter B ᠪ‍ b б Khalkha pronunciation:: /p/, /w/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /b/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Pe (𐽼).	Mongolian letter Ch × Mongolian letter Ch ᠴ ch ч Khalkha pronunciation:: /t͡ʃʰ/, /t͡sʰ/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /t͡ʃ/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Sadhe (𐽽).				Mongolian letter R × Mongolian letter R ᠷ‍ r р Khalkha pronunciation:: /r/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /r/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Resh (𐽾).	Mongolian letter Sh × Mongolian letter Sh ᠱ‍ sh ш Khalkha pronunciation:: /ʃ/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /ʃ/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter two-dotted Shin (𐽿𐾅).			Mongolian letter T × Mongolian letter T ᠲ t т Khalkha pronunciation:: /t/ Chakhar pronunciation:: /t/ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Taw (𐾀).
Galik	Alphabet 1587 CE - ???	Galik letter A × Galik letter A ᠠ᠋ a अ ཨ Derived from Mongolian letter A (ᠠ᠋᠋).	Galik letter E × Galik letter E ᠧ e ए ཨེ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Beth (𐽱). Galik letter Wa × Galik letter Wa ᠸᠠ᠋ wa व ཝ Derived from Old Uyghur letter Beth (𐽱) and Mongolian letter A (ᠠ᠋).																		Galik letter Ya × Galik letter Ya ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ ya य ཡ Derived from Mongolian letters Y (ᠶ᠋᠋) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Ca × Galik letter Ca ᡔᠠ ca ཅ Derived from Mongolian letter J (middle) and A (ᠠ᠋).		Galik letter Ka × Galik letter Ka ᢉᠠ ka क ཀ Derived from Mongolian letters K (ᢉ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Kha × Galik letter Kha ᠻᠠ kha ख ཁ Derived from Mongolian letters K (ᢉ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Ga × Galik letter Ga ᠺᠠ ga ग ག Derived from Mongolian letters K (ᢉ) and A (ᠠ᠋).	Galik letter Ta × Galik letter Ta ᢐᠠ᠋ ta त ཏ Derived from Mongolian letters D (ᠳ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Da × Galik letter Da ᢑᠠ᠋ da द ད Derived from Mongolian letters D (ᠳ) and A (ᠠ᠋).	Galik letter Ma × Galik letter Ma ᠮᠠ᠋ ma म མ Derived from Mongolian letters M (ᠮ᠋) and A (ᠠ᠋).	Galik letter Na × Galik letter Na ᠨ᠋ᠠ᠋ na न ན Derived from Mongolian letters N (ᠨ᠋) with dot and A (ᠠ᠋).			Galik letter Sa × Galik letter Sa ᠰᠠ᠋ sa स ས Derived from Mongolian letters S (ᠰ‍᠋) and A (ᠠ᠋).				Galik letter Ba × Galik letter Ba ᠪᠠ᠋ ba ब བ Derived from Mongolian letters B (ᠪ‍‍᠋) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Pha × Galik letter Pha ᠹᠠ᠋ pha फ ཕ Derived from Mongolian letters B (ᠪ‍‍᠋) and A (ᠠ᠋).	Galik letter Cha × Galik letter Cha ᠴᠠ᠋ cha ཆ Derived from Mongolian letters Ch (ᠴ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Tša × Galik letter Tša ᠽᠠ tša च ཙ Derived from Mongolian letters Ch (ᠴ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Tšha × Galik letter Tšha ᠼᠠ tšha छ ཚ Derived from Mongolian letters Ch (ᠴ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Dža × Galik letter Dža ᢖᠠ᠋ dža ज ཛ Derived from Mongolian letters Ch (ᠴ) and A (ᠠ᠋). Galik letter Za × Galik letter Za ᢋᠠ᠋᠋᠋ za ཟ Derived from Mongolian letters Ch (ᠴ) and A (ᠠ᠋).				Galik letter Ra × Galik letter Ra ᠷᠠ᠋ ra र ར Derived from Mongolian letters R (ᠷ) and A (ᠠ᠋).	Galik letter Śa × Galik letter Śa ᠱᠠ᠋ śa श ཤ Derived from Mongolian letters Sh (ᠱ᠋) and A (ᠠ᠋).			Galik letter Tha × Galik letter Tha ᠲᠠ᠋ tha थ ཐ Derived from Mongolian letters T (ᠲ) and A (ᠠ᠋).
Manchu	Alphabet 1599 CE - Present	Manchu letter E × Manchu letter E ᠡ e IPA: [ə] Derived from Mongolian letter E (ᠡ).	Manchu letter V × Manchu letter V ᠸ v/w IPA: [w], [v]- Derived from Galik letter Wa (ᠸᠠ᠋). Manchu letter F (variant 1) × Manchu letter F (variant 1) ᡶ᠋‍ Used before I, O, U, and Ū f IPA: [f] Derived from Galik letter Wa (ᠸᠠ᠋). Manchu letter F (variant 2) × Manchu letter F (variant 2) ᡶ‍ Used before A and E. f IPA: [f] Derived from Galik letter Wa (ᠸᠠ᠋).		Manchu letter K × Manchu letter K ᠬ k IPA: [qʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter Q/K (ᠬ). Manchu letter G × Manchu letter G ᡤ Used before A, O, and Ū. g IPA: [q] Derived from Mongolian letter Q/K (ᠬ). Manchu letter H × Manchu letter H ᡥ Used before A, O, and Ū. h IPA: [χ] Derived from Mongolian letter Q/K (ᠬ).																Manchu letter J × Manchu letter J ᠵ‍ j IPA: [t͡ʃ], [t͡ɕ] before [i] Derived from Mongolian letter J (ᠵ‍). Manchu letter J' × Manchu letter J' ᡷ Used in Chinese Zh. j' IPA: [tʂ] Derived from Mongolian letter J (ᠵ‍).		Manchu letter K' × Manchu letter K' ᠺ Used before A and O for Chinese K. k' IPA: [kʰ] Derived from Galik letter Ga (ᠺᠠ). Manchu letter G × Manchu letter G Used before E, I, and U. g IPA: [k] Derived from Mongolian letter K. Manchu letter H × Manchu letter H ᡥ Used before E, I, and U. h IPA: [x] Derived from Mongolian letter K.	Manchu letter T (medial) × Manchu letter T (medial) ᠊ᡨ᠋᠊ Used before A, O, Ū, and I. t IPA: [tʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter D (ᠳ). Manchu letter T (medial) × Manchu letter T (medial) ᠊ᡨ᠍᠊ Used before E and U. t IPA: [tʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter D (ᠳ).	Manchu letter M × Manchu letter M ᠮ‍ m IPA: [m] Derived from Mongolian letter M (ᠮ‍).	Manchu letter N × Manchu letter N ᠨ‍ n IPA: [n] Derived from Mongolian letter N (ᠨ‍).			Manchu letter S × Manchu letter S ᠰ‍ s IPA: [s], [ɕ] before [i] Derived from Mongolian letter S (ᠰ‍). Manchu letter Ts' × Manchu letter Ts' ᡮ Used in Chinese C. ts IPA: [t͡sʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter S (ᠰ‍). Manchu letter Dz × Manchu letter Dz ᡯ‍ Used in Chinese Z. dz IPA: [t͡s] Derived from Mongolian letter S (ᠰ‍).				Manchu letter B × Manchu letter B ᠪ b IPA: [p] Derived from Mongolian letter B (ᠪ‍).	Manchu letter C × Manchu letter C ᠴ c IPA: [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʰ] before [i] Derived from Mongolian letter Ch (ᠴ‍). Manchu letter C' × Manchu letter C' ᡱ Used in Chinese Ch. c' IPA: [tʂʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter C (ᠴ‍).				Manchu letter R × Manchu letter R ᡵ r IPA: [r] Derived from Mongolian letter R (ᠷ).	Manchu letter Sh × Manchu letter Sh ᡧ sh IPA: [ʃ], [ɕ] before [i] Derived from Mongolian letter Sh (ᠱ‍).			Manchu letter T (initial) × Manchu letter T ᡨ᠋᠊ Used before A, O, Ū, and I. t IPA: [tʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter T (ᠲ). Manchu letter T (initial) × Manchu letter T ᡨ᠌᠊ Used before E and U. t IPA: [tʰ] Derived from Mongolian letter T (ᠲ).
Oirat	Alphabet 1648 CE - Present		Oirat letter V × Oirat letter V ᠸ v/w Derived from Galik letter Wa (ᠸᠠ᠋).														Oirat letter X/K × Oirat letter X/K ᡍ‍ x/k х/к IPA: /x/, /k/ Derived from Mongolian letter ɣ (medial) (‍ᠭ‍).				Oirat letter J × Oirat letter J ᡕ‍‍ j й IPA: /y/ Derived from Mongolian letter J (‍ᡕ‍‍). Oirat letter C × Oirat letter C ᡔ‍‍‍ c ц IPA: /t͡s/ Derived from Mongolian letter J (middle‍).		Oirat letter G × Oirat letter G g г IPA: /g/ Derived from Mongolian letter K. Oirat letter K × Oirat letter K ᡘ‍ Used in foreign words. g Derived from Mongolian letter K. Oirat letter K × Oirat letter K ᡍ᠋‍‍ Used in foreign words. g Derived from Mongolian letter K.	Oirat letter D × Oirat letter G ᡑ‍ d д IPA: /d/ Derived from Mongolian letter D (ᠳ).	Oirat letter M × Oirat letter M ᠮ m м IPA: /m/ Derived from Mongolian letter M (ᠮ).	Oirat letter N × Oirat letter N ᠨ‍ n н IPA: /n/ Derived from Mongolian letter N (ᠨ‍).			Oirat letter S × Oirat letter S ᠰ s с IPA: /s/ Derived from Mongolian letter S (ᠰ).				Oirat letter B × Oirat letter B ᡋ‍ b б IPA: /b/ Derived from Mongolian letter B (ᠪ‍).	Oirat letter Z × Oirat letter Z ᠴ‍‍ z з IPA: /z/ Derived from Mongolian letter Ch (ᠴ‍). Oirat letter Dz × Oirat letter Dz ᡜ‍ dz Derived from Galik letter Dža (ᢖᠠ᠋).				Oirat letter R × Oirat letter R ᡵ‍ r р IPA: /r/ Derived from Mongolian letter R (ᠷ).	Oirat letter Sh × Oirat letter Sh ᠱ‍ sh ш IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Mongolian letter Sh (ᠱ‍).			Oirat letter T × Oirat letter T ᡐ‍‍ t т IPA: /t/ Derived from Mongolian letter T (ᠲ).
Vagindra	Alphabet 1905 - 1917 CE	Vagindra letter E × Vagindra letter E e э IPA: /e/ Derived from Mongolian letter E (ᠡ).	Vagindra letter W × Vagindra letter W w ԝ IPA: /w/ Derived from Galik letter Wa (ᠸᠠ᠋).																		Vagindra letter Y × Vagindra letter Y y ј IPA: /j/ Derived from Mongolian letter J (‍‍ᠵ‍). Vagindra letter Z × Vagindra letter Z z з IPA: /ts/ Derived from medial form of Mongolian letter J (‍‍ᠵ‍‍).		Vagindra letter G × Vagindra letter G g г IPA: /g/ Derived from Mongolian letter K. Vagindra letter X × Vagindra letter X x х IPA: /x/ Derived from Galik letter Ga (ᠺᠠ).	Vagindra letter D × Vagindra letter D d д IPA: /d/ Derived from Oirat letter D (ᡑ‍).	Vagindra letter M × Vagindra letter M m м IPA: /m/ Derived from Mongolian letter M (ᠮ‍).	Vagindra letter N × Vagindra letter N n н IPA: /n/ Derived from medial form of Mongolian letter N (‍ᠨ‍‍‍).			Vagindra letter S × Vagindra letter S s с IPA: /s/ Derived from medial form of Mongolian letter S (‍ᠰ‍‍).				Vagindra letter B × Vagindra letter B b б IPA: /b/ Derived from Mongolian letter B (ᠪ‍).	Vagindra letter C × Vagindra letter C c ц IPA: /ts^h/ Derived from Mongolian letter Ch (ᠴ‍). Vagindra letter Ch × Vagindra letter Ch ch ч IPA: /tʃ^h/ Derived from Galik letter Tšha (ᠼᠠ᠋).				Vagindra letter R × Vagindra letter R r р IPA: /r/ Derived from Mongolian letter R (ᠷ).	Vagindra letter Sh × Vagindra letter Sh sh ш IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from medial form of Mongolian letter S (‍ᠰ‍‍).			Vagindra letter T × Vagindra letter T t т IPA: /t^h/ Derived from Mongolian letter T (ᠲ).
Armazian	Abjad ??? - 5 c. CE	Armazian letter Aleph × Armazian letter Aleph ʾ IPA: /ʔ/, /aː/, /eː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Armazian letter Beth × Armazian letter Beth b IPA: /b/, /v/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Armazian letter Gimel × Armazian letter Gimel g IPA: /ɡ/, /ɣ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Armazian letter Daleth × Armazian letter Daleth d IPA: /d/, /ð/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Armazian letter He × Armazian letter He h IPA: /h/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Armazian letter Waw × Armazian letter Waw w IPA: /w/; /oː/, /uː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Armazian letter Zayin × Armazian letter Zayin z IPA: /z/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Armazian letter Heth × Armazian letter Heth ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Armazian letter Teth × Armazian letter Teth ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Armazian letter Yodh × Armazian letter Yodh y IPA: /j/; /iː/, /eː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Armazian letter Kaph × Armazian letter Kaph k IPA: /k/, /x/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Armazian letter Lamedh × Armazian letter Lamedh l IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Armazian letter Mem × Armazian letter Mem m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Armazian letter Nun × Armazian letter Nun n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Armazian letter Samekh × Armazian letter Samekh s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Armazian letter Ayin × Armazian letter Ayin ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Armazian letter Pe × Armazian letter Pe p IPA: /p/, /f/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Armazian letter Sadhe × Armazian letter Sadhe ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Armazian letter Qoph × Armazian letter Qoph q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Armazian letter Res × Armazian letter Res r IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Armazian letter Shin × Armazian letter Shin š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Armazian letter Taw × Armazian letter Taw t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Khwarezmian	Abjad 2 c. CE - 9 c. CE	Khwarezmian letter Aleph × Khwarezmian letter Aleph 𐾰 𐾰𐾼𐿁 ʾ IPA: /[ʔ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Khwarezmian letter Beth × Khwarezmian letter Beth 𐾲 𐾲𐿄 b IPA: /[b]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Khwarezmian letter Gimel × Khwarezmian letter Gimel 𐾳‎ 𐾳𐾽𐾼 g IPA: /[ɡ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Khwarezmian letter Daleth × Khwarezmian letter Daleth 𐾴 𐾴𐾼𐿄 d IPA: /[d]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Khwarezmian letter He × Khwarezmian letter He 𐾵 𐾵 h IPA: /[h]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Khwarezmian letter Waw × Khwarezmian letter Waw 𐾶 𐾶𐾶 w IPA: /[w]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Khwarezmian letter Zayin × Khwarezmian letter Zayin 𐾸 𐾸𐾺𐾾 z IPA: /[z]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Khwarezmian letter Heth × Khwarezmian letter Heth 𐾹 𐾹𐿄 ḥ IPA: /[ħ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).				Khwarezmian letter Yodh × Khwarezmian letter Yodh 𐾺 𐾺𐾴 y IPA: /[j]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Khwarezmian letter Kaph × Khwarezmian letter Kaph 𐾻‎ 𐾻𐿁 k IPA: /[k]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Khwarezmian letter Lamedh × Khwarezmian letter Lamedh 𐾼 𐾼𐾽𐾴 l IPA: /[l]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Khwarezmian letter Mem × Khwarezmian letter Mem 𐾽 𐾽𐾽 m IPA: /[m]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Khwarezmian letter Nun × Khwarezmian letter Nun 𐾾 𐾾𐾾 n IPA: /[n]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Khwarezmian letter Samekh × Khwarezmian letter Samekh 𐾿 𐾿𐾽𐾻 s IPA: /[s]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Khwarezmian letter Ayin × Khwarezmian letter Ayin 𐿀 𐿀𐾺𐾾 ʿ IPA: /[ʕ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Khwarezmian letter Pe × Khwarezmian letter Pe 𐿁 𐿁 p IPA: /[p]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).					Khwarezmian letter Res × Khwarezmian letter Res 𐿂 𐿂𐿃 r IPA: /[r]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Khwarezmian letter Shin × Khwarezmian letter Shin 𐿃 𐿃𐾾 š IPA: /[ʃ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Khwarezmian letter Taw × Khwarezmian letter Taw 𐿄 𐿄𐾶 t IPA: /[t]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Mandaic	Alphabet 2 c. CE - Present	Mandaic letter A × Mandaic letter A ࡀ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Mandaic letter Ba × Mandaic letter Ba ࡁ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Mandaic letter Ga × Mandaic letter Ga ࡂ‎ g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Mandaic letter Da × Mandaic letter Da ࡃ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Mandaic letter Ha × Mandaic letter Ha ࡄ h IPA: /h/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Mandaic letter Wa × Mandaic letter Wa ࡅ u IPA: /u, w/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Mandaic letter Za × Mandaic letter Za ࡆ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Mandaic letter Eh × Mandaic letter Eh ࡇ ẖ IPA: /χ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Mandaic letter Ṭa × Mandaic letter Ṭa ࡈ ṭ IPA: /tˠ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Mandaic letter Ya × Mandaic letter Ya ࡉ i IPA: /i, j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Mandaic letter Ka × Mandaic letter Ka ࡊ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Mandaic letter La × Mandaic letter La ࡋ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Mandaic letter Ma × Mandaic letter Ma ࡌ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Mandaic letter Na × Mandaic letter Na ࡍ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Mandaic letter Sa × Mandaic letter Sa ࡎ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Mandaic letter E × Mandaic letter E ࡏ ʿ IPA: /e/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Mandaic letter Pa × Mandaic letter Pa ࡐ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Mandaic letter Ṣa × Mandaic letter Ṣa ࡑ ṣ IPA: /sˠ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Mandaic letter Qa × Mandaic letter Qa ࡒ q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Mandaic letter Ra × Mandaic letter Ra ࡓ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Mandaic letter Ša × Mandaic letter Ša ࡔ š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Mandaic letter Ta × Mandaic letter Ta ࡕ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Manichaean	Abjad 3 c. CE - 10 c. CE	Manichaean letter Aleph × Manichaean letter Aleph 𐫀 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).	Manichaean letter Beth × Manichaean letter Beth 𐫁 b Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Manichaean letter Gimel × Manichaean letter Gimel 𐫃 g Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Manichaean letter Daleth × Manichaean letter Daleth 𐫅 d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Manichaean letter He × Manichaean letter He 𐫆 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).		Manichaean letter Waw × Manichaean letter Waw 𐫇 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Manichaean letter Zayin × Manichaean letter Zayin 𐫉 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Manichaean letter Heth × Manichaean letter Heth 𐫍 ḥ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Manichaean letter Teth × Manichaean letter Teth 𐫎 ṭ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Manichaean letter Yodh × Manichaean letter Yodh 𐫏 y Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Manichaean letter Kaph × Manichaean letter Kaph 𐫐 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Manichaean letter Lamedh × Manichaean letter Lamedh 𐫓 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Manichaean letter Mem × Manichaean letter Mem 𐫖 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Manichaean letter Nun × Manichaean letter Nun 𐫗 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Manichaean letter Samekh × Manichaean letter Samekh 𐫘 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Manichaean letter Ayin × Manichaean letter Ayin 𐫙 ʿ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Manichaean letter Pe × Manichaean letter Pe 𐫛 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Manichaean letter Sadhe × Manichaean letter Sadhe 𐫝 ṣ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Manichaean letter Qoph × Manichaean letter Qoph 𐫞 q Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Manichaean letter Resh × Manichaean letter Resh 𐫡 r Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Manichaean letter Shin × Manichaean letter Shin 𐫢 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).			Manichaean letter Taw × Manichaean letter Taw 𐫤 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Archaic Greek	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE	Archaic Greek letter Alpha × Archaic Greek letter Alpha a IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀). Numerical value: 1	Archaic Greek letter Beta × Archaic Greek letter Beta b IPA: /b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Numerical value: 2		Archaic Greek letter Gamma × Archaic Greek letter Gamma g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂). Numerical value: 3		Archaic Greek letter Delta × Archaic Greek letter Delta d IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Numerical value: 4			Archaic Greek letter Ei × Archaic Greek letter Ei e IPA: /e/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄). Numerical value: 5	Archaic Greek letter Wau × Archaic Greek letter Wau w IPA: /w/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅). Numerical value: 6	Archaic Greek letter U × Archaic Greek letter U u IPA: /u/, /uː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅). Numerical value: 400				Archaic Greek letter Zeta × Archaic Greek letter Zeta z IPA: [zd](?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Numerical value: 7	Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant) h IPA: /h/, /ɛː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇). Numerical value: 8	Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant) × Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant) h IPA: /h/, /ɛː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇). Numerical value: 8	Archaic Greek letter Theta × Archaic Greek letter Theta th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Numerical value: 9		Archaic Greek letter Iota × Archaic Greek letter Iota i IPA: /i/, /iː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Numerical value: 10		Archaic Greek letter Kappa × Archaic Greek letter Kappa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Numerical value: 20	Archaic Greek letter Lambda × Archaic Greek letter Lambda l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋). Numerical value: 30	Archaic Greek letter Mu × Archaic Greek letter Mu m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌). Numerical value: 40	Archaic Greek letter Nu × Archaic Greek letter Nu n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍). Numerical value: 50			Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant) ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎). Numerical value: 60		Archaic Greek letter Ou × Archaic Greek letter Ou o IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏). Numerical value: 70		Archaic Greek letter Pi × Archaic Greek letter Pi p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐). Numerical value: 80	Archaic Greek letter San × Archaic Greek letter San s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Archaic Greek letter Koppa × Archaic Greek letter Koppa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒). Numerical value: 90	Archaic Greek letter Rho × Archaic Greek letter Rho r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓). Numerical value: 100	Archaic Greek letter Sigma × Archaic Greek letter Sigma s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Numerical value: 200			Archaic Greek letter Tau × Archaic Greek letter Tau t IPA: /t/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕). Numerical value: 300	Archaic Greek letter Phi × Archaic Greek letter Phi ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒). Numerical value: 500	Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant) × Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant) kh IPA: /kʰ/ Numerical value: 600 Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant) kh IPA: /kʰ/ Numerical value: 600	Archaic Greek letter Sampi × Archaic Greek letter Sampi ͳ ss or ts IPA: /ss/ or /ts/ Numerical value: 900								Archaic Greek letter Psi × Archaic Greek letter Psi ps IPA: /ps/ Numerical value: 700	Archaic Greek letter Ō × Archaic Greek letter Ō o IPA: /ɔː/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou. Numerical value: 800
Etruscan	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Old Italic letter A Archaic Etruscan letter A Neo-Etruscan letter A	Old Italic letter Be Archaic Etruscan letter Be		Old Italic letter Ke Archaic Etruscan letter Ke Neo-Etruscan letter Ke		Old Italic letter De Archaic Etruscan letter De			Old Italic letter E Archaic Etruscan letter E Neo-Etruscan letter E	Old Italic letter Ve Archaic Etruscan letter Ve Neo-Etruscan letter Ve	Old Italic letter U Archaic Etruscan letter U Neo-Etruscan letter U				Old Italic letter Ze Archaic Etruscan letter Ze Neo-Etruscan letter Ze		Old Italic letter He Archaic Etruscan letter He Neo-Etruscan letter He	Old Italic letter The Archaic Etruscan letter The Neo-Etruscan letter The		Old Italic letter I Archaic Etruscan letter I Neo-Etruscan letter I		Old Italic letter Ka Archaic Etruscan letter Ka	Old Italic letter El Archaic Etruscan letter El Neo-Etruscan letter El	Old Italic letter Em Archaic Etruscan letter Em Neo-Etruscan letter Em	Old Italic letter En Archaic Etruscan letter En Neo-Etruscan letter En			Old Italic letter s᫈ Archaic Etruscan letter s᫈		Old Italic letter O Archaic Etruscan letter O		Old Italic letter P Archaic Etruscan letter P Neo-Etruscan letter P	Old Italic letter She Archaic Etruscan letter She Neo-Etruscan letter She			Old Italic letter Ku Archaic Etruscan letter Ku	Old Italic letter Er Archaic Etruscan letter Er Neo-Etruscan letter Er	Old Italic letter Es Archaic Etruscan letter Es Neo-Etruscan letter Es			Old Italic letter Te Archaic Etruscan letter Te Neo-Etruscan letter Te	Old Italic letter Phe Archaic Etruscan letter Phe Neo-Etruscan letter Phe	Old Italic letter Eks Archaic Etruscan letter Eks									Old Italic letter Khe Archaic Etruscan letter Khe Neo-Etruscan letter Khe
Latin	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - Present	Latin letter A (majuscule) Latin letter A (minuscule)	Latin letter B (majuscule) Latin letter B (minuscule)		Latin letter C (majuscule) Latin letter C (minuscule)	Latin letter G (majuscule) Latin letter G (minuscule)	Latin letter D (majuscule) Latin letter D (minuscule)			Latin letter E (majuscule) Latin letter E (minuscule)	Latin letter F (majuscule) Latin letter F (minuscule)	Latin letter Y (majuscule) Latin letter Y (minuscule)	Latin letter V (majuscule) Latin letter V (minuscule)	Latin letter U (majuscule) Latin letter U (minuscule)	Latin letter W (majuscule) Latin letter W (minuscule)	Latin letter Z (majuscule) Latin letter Z (minuscule)	Latin letter H (majuscule) Latin letter H (minuscule)				Latin letter I (majuscule) Latin letter I (minuscule)	Latin letter J (majuscule) Latin letter J (minuscule)	Latin letter K (majuscule) Latin letter K (minuscule)	Latin letter L (majuscule) Latin letter L (minuscule)	Latin letter M (majuscule) Latin letter M (minuscule)	Latin letter N (majuscule) Latin letter N (minuscule)					Latin letter O (majuscule) Latin letter O (minuscule)		Latin letter P (majuscule) Latin letter P (minuscule)				Latin letter Q (majuscule) Latin letter Q (minuscule)	Latin letter R (majuscule) Latin letter R (minuscule)	Latin letter S (majuscule) Latin letter S (minuscule)			Latin letter T (majuscule) Latin letter T (minuscule)		Latin letter X (majuscule) Latin letter X (minuscule)
Elder Futhark	Alphabet 1 c. CE - 8 c. CE	Elder Futhark letter *ansuz	Elder Futhark letter *berkanan		Elder Futhark letter ?*kaunan	Elder Futhark letter *jēra-	Elder Futhark letter *dagaz			Elder Futhark letter *ehwaz	Elder Futhark letter *fehu			Elder Futhark letter ?*ūruz	Elder Futhark letter *wunjō	Elder Futhark letter ?*algiz	Elder Futhark letter *hagalaz		Elder Futhark letter ?*þurisaz		Elder Futhark letter *īsaz			Elder Futhark letter *laguz	Elder Futhark letter *mannaz	Elder Futhark letter *naudiz					Elder Futhark letter ōþila-/ōþala-		Elder Futhark letter ?*perþ-					Elder Futhark letter *raidō	Elder Futhark letter *sōwilō			Elder Futhark letter *tīwaz		Elder Futhark letter *gebō
Anglo-Saxon runes	Alphabet 5 c. CE - 11 c. CE	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Os/Ōs	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Berc/Beorc		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Cen/Cēn	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Gær/Gēar	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Dæg/Dæg			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Eh	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Feh/Feoh			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Ur/Ūr	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Wyn/Wynn		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Hægil/Hægl		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Ðorn/Þorn		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Is/Īs			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Lagu	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Mon/Mann	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Næd/Nēod					Anglo Saxon Runic letter Oedil/Ēðel		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Peord/Peorð					Anglo Saxon Runic letter Rada/Rād	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Sygil/Sigel			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Ti/Tīw		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Geofu/Gyfu
Marcomannic runes	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 9 c. CE	Marcomannic Runic letter Asch (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Asch (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Asch (variant 3)	Marcomannic Runic letter Birith (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Birith (variant 2)		Marcomannic Runic letter Khen (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Khen (variant 2)	Marcomannic Runic letter Gibu (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Gibu (variant 2)				Marcomannic Runic letter Eho	Marcomannic Runic letter Fehc (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Fehc (variant 2)			Marcomannic Runic letter Hur (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Hur (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Hur (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter Ziu (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Ziu (variant 2)	Marcomannic Runic letter Hagale (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Hagale (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Hagale (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter Thorn (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Thorn (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Thorn (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter His			Marcomannic Runic letter Lagu	Marcomannic Runic letter Man	Marcomannic Runic letter Not (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Not (variant 2)					Marcomannic Runic letter Othil (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Othil (variant 2)		Marcomannic Runic letter Perch (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Perch (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Perch (variant 3)					Marcomannic Runic letter Rehit (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Rehit (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Rehit (variant 3)	Marcomannic Runic letter Suhil (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Suhil (variant 2)			Marcomannic Runic letter Tac
Younger Futhark	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 12 c. CE	Younger Futhark letter As/Oss (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter As/Oss (short-twig)	Younger Futhark letter Björk/Bjarkan/Bjarken (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Björk/Bjarkan/Bjarken (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Björk/Bjarkan/Bjarken (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Kaun (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Kaun (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Kaun (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Ár (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Ár (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Ár (staveless)					Younger Futhark letter Fé (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Fé (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Fé (staveless)			Younger Futhark letter Úr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Úr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Úr (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Yr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Yr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Yr (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Hagall (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Hagall (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Hagall (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Thurs (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Thurs (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Thurs (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Ísa/Íss (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Ísa/Íss (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Ísa/Íss (staveless)			Younger Futhark letter Lögr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Lögr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Lögr (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Maðr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Maðr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Maðr (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Nauðr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Nauðr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Maðr (staveless)												Younger Futhark letter Reið (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Reið (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Reið (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Sól (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Sól (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Sól (staveless)			Younger Futhark letter Týr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Týr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Týr (staveless)
Medieval runes	Alphabet 12 c. CE - 17 c. CE	Medieval Runic letter ?	Medieval Runic letter Bjarka		Medieval Runic letter Kaun						Medieval Runic letter Fe			Medieval Runic letter Yr		Medieval Runic letter Ur	Medieval Runic letter Hagal		Medieval Runic letter Þurs		Medieval Runic letter Is			Medieval Runic letter Logur	Medieval Runic letter Maðer	Medieval Runic letter Nauð					Medieval Runic letter Os							Medieval Runic letter Reið	Medieval Runic letter Sol			Medieval Runic letter Tyr
Dalecarlian runes	Alphabet 17 c. CE - 20 c. CE	Dalecarlian Runic letter Ar	Dalecarlian Runic letter Birkä		Dalecarlian Runic letter Knäsol		Dalecarlian Runic letter Dors				Dalecarlian Runic letter Fir			Dalecarlian Runic letter Ur			Dalecarlian Runic letter Hagal				Dalecarlian Runic letter Is			Dalecarlian Runic letter Lagh	Dalecarlian Runic letter Madhär	Dalecarlian Runic letter Nådh							Dalecarlian Runic letter Pir					Dalecarlian Runic letter Re	Dalecarlian Runic letter Sol			Dalecarlian Runic letter Tir
Gothic	Alphabet 350 CE - Decline in c. 6 CE	Gothic letter Aza	Gothic letter Bercna		Gothic letter Geuua	Gothic letter Gaar	Gothic letter Daaz			Gothic letter Eyz	Gothic letter Fe	Gothic letter Uuinne		Gothic letter Uraz		Gothic letter Ezec	Gothic letter Haal	Gothic letter Uuaer			Gothic letter Iiz		Gothic letter Chozma	Gothic letter Laaz	Gothic letter Manna	Gothic letter Noicz							Gothic letter Pertra				Gothic letter ?	Gothic letter Reda	Gothic letter Sugil		Gothic letter Quetra	Gothic letter Tyz	Gothic letter Thyth	Gothic letter Enguz	Gothic letter ?									Gothic letter Utal
Cherokee	Syllabary c. 1820 CE - Present	Cherokee letter Go (majuscule) Cherokee letter Go (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Yv (majuscule) Cherokee letter Yv (minuscule)		Cherokee letter Tli (majuscule) Cherokee letter Tli (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Nah (majuscule) Cherokee letter Nah (minuscule)	Cherokee letter A (majuscule) Cherokee letter A (minuscule)			Cherokee letter Gv (majuscule) Cherokee letter Gv (minuscule)		Cherokee letter Gi (majuscule) Cherokee letter Gi (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Do (majuscule) Cherokee letter Do (minuscule)		Cherokee letter La (majuscule) Cherokee letter La (minuscule)	Cherokee letter No (majuscule) Cherokee letter No (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Mi (majuscule) Cherokee letter Mi (minuscule)		Cherokee letter Na (majuscule) Cherokee letter Na (minuscule)			Cherokee letter Gu (majuscule) Cherokee letter Gu (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Tso (majuscule) Cherokee letter Tso (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Tle (majuscule) Cherokee letter Tle (minuscule)									Cherokee letter Pe (majuscule) Cherokee letter Pe (minuscule)					Cherokee letter Sv (majuscule) Cherokee letter Sv (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Du (majuscule) Cherokee letter Du (minuscule)
Vai	Syllabary c.1830 CE - Present		Vai letter Gba							Vai letter Tɔ																													Vai letter Po			Vai letter Gbe
Moon	Alphabet 1845 CE - Present	Moon letter A	Moon letter B		Moon letter C		Moon letter D			Moon letter E	Moon letter E		Moon letter V	Moon letter U		Moon letter Z					Moon letter I	Moon letter J	Moon letter K	Moon letter L		Moon letter N					Moon letter O
Deseret	Alphabet 1854 CE - 1869 CE
Woleai	Syllabary c.1910 CE - c. 1937 CE
Osage	Alphabet 2006 CE - Present	Osage letter A (majuscule) Osage letter A (Miniscule)												Osage letter U (majuscule) Osage letter U (Miniscule)		Osage letter Z (majuscule) Osage letter Z (Miniscule)							Osage letter K (majuscule) Osage letter K (Miniscule)	Osage letter L (majuscule) Osage letter L (Miniscule)	Osage letter M (majuscule) Osage letter M (Miniscule)	Osage letter N (majuscule) Osage letter N (Miniscule)					Osage letter O (majuscule) Osage letter O (Miniscule)		Osage letter P (majuscule) Osage letter P (Miniscule)						Osage letter S (majuscule) Osage letter S (Miniscule)
Faliscan	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Faliscan letter A (variant 1) Faliscan letter A (variant 2)			Faliscan letter Ke		Faliscan letter De			Faliscan letter E		Faliscan letter U				Faliscan letter Ze		Faliscan letter He (variant 1) Faliscan letter He (variant 2)	Faliscan letter The		Faliscan letter I		Faliscan letter Ka	Faliscan letter El	Faliscan letter Em (variant 1) Faliscan letter Em (variant 2)	Faliscan letter En (variant 1) Faliscan letter En (variant 2)					Faliscan letter O		Faliscan letter P				Faliscan letter Ku	Faliscan letter Er (variant 1) Faliscan letter Er (variant 2)	Faliscan letter Es (variant 1) Faliscan letter Es (variant 2) Faliscan letter Es (variant 3)			Faliscan letter Te		Faliscan letter Eks
Lepontic	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Lepontic letter A								Lepontic letter E	Lepontic letter Ve	Lepontic letter U				Lepontic letter Ze			Lepontic letter The		Lepontic letter I		Lepontic letter Ka	Lepontic letter El	Lepontic letter Em	Lepontic letter En					Lepontic letter O		Lepontic letter P	Lepontic letter She				Lepontic letter Er	Lepontic letter Es			Lepontic letter Te		Lepontic letter Eks
Venetic	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Venetic letter A (variant 1) Venetic letter A (variant 2)			Venetic letter Ke					Venetic letter E	Venetic letter Ve	Venetic letter U				Venetic letter Ze (variant 1) Venetic letter Ze (variant 2)		Venetic letter He (variant 1) Venetic letter He (variant 2)	Venetic letter The		Venetic letter I		Venetic letter Ka	Venetic letter El	Venetic letter Em (variant 1) Venetic letter Em (variant 2)	Venetic letter En (variant 1) Venetic letter En (variant 2)					Venetic letter O		Venetic letter P	Venetic letter She				Venetic letter Er	Venetic letter Es (variant 1) Venetic letter Es (variant 2)			Venetic letter Te (variant 1) Venetic letter Te (variant 2)	Venetic letter Phe	Venetic letter Phe
North Picene	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 5 c. BCE	North Picene letter A	North Picene letter Be		North Picene letter Ke (variant 1) North Picene letter Ke (variant 2)					North Picene letter E									North Picene letter The		North Picene letter I		North Picene letter Ka	North Picene letter El	North Picene letter Em	North Picene letter En					North Picene letter O		North Picene letter P	North Picene letter She (variant 1) North Picene letter She (variant 2)				North Picene letter Er				North Picene letter Te (variant 1) North Picene letter Te (variant 2)
South Picene	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE	South Picene letter A	South Picene letter Be		South Picene letter Ke		South Picene letter De			South Picene letter E	South Picene letter Ve	South Picene letter U						South Picene letter He			South Picene letter I		South Picene letter Ka	South Picene letter El	South Picene letter Em	South Picene letter En					South Picene letter O		South Picene letter P				South Picene letter Ku	South Picene letter Er	South Picene letter Es			South Picene letter Te
Rhaetic	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Rhaetic letter A (variant 1) Rhaetic letter A (variant 2)			Rhaetic letter Ke						Rhaetic letter Ve	Rhaetic letter U				Rhaetic letter Ze		Rhaetic letter He			Rhaetic letter I		Rhaetic letter Ka	Rhaetic letter El	Rhaetic letter Em	Rhaetic letter En							Rhaetic letter P	Rhaetic letter She				Rhaetic letter Er	Rhaetic letter Es (variant 1) Rhaetic letter Es (variant 2)			Rhaetic letter Te (variant 1) Rhaetic letter Te (variant 2)	Rhaetic letter Phe	Rhaetic letter Eks
Camunian	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 50 CE	Camunian letter A (variant 1) Camunian letter A (variant 2) Camunian letter A (variant 3)	Camunian letter B (variant 1) Camunian letter B (variant 2)		Camunian letter G					Camunian letter E (variant 1) Camunian letter E (variant 2) Camunian letter E (variant 3)	Camunian letter F	Camunian letter U (variant 1) Camunian letter U (variant 2)				Camunian letter Z (variant 1) Camunian letter Z (variant 2)		Camunian letter H (variant 1) Camunian letter H (variant 2)	Camunian letter Th (variant 1) Camunian letter Th (variant 2)		Camunian letter I (variant 1) Camunian letter I (variant 2)		Camunian letter K	Camunian letter L (variant 1) Camunian letter L (variant 2)	Camunian letter M (variant 1) Camunian letter M (variant 2)	Camunian letter N (variant 1) Camunian letter N (variant 2)					Camunian letter O		Camunian letter P (variant 1) Camunian letter P (variant 2)					Camunian letter R (variant 1) Camunian letter R (variant 2)	Camunian letter S (variant 1) Camunian letter S (variant 2) Camunian letter S (variant 3)			Camunian letter T (variant 1) Camunian letter T (variant 2) Camunian letter T (variant 3)			Camunian letter Sho (variant 1) Camunian letter Sho (variant 2)
Oscan	Alphabet 4 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Oscan letter A	Oscan letter Be		Oscan letter Ke		Oscan letter De			Oscan letter E	Oscan letter Ve	Oscan letter U				Oscan letter Ze		Oscan letter He			Oscan letter I		Oscan letter Ka	Oscan letter El	Oscan letter Em	Oscan letter En							Oscan letter P					Oscan letter Er	Oscan letter Es			Oscan letter Te
Umbrian	Alphabet 4 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Umbrian letter A	Umbrian letter Be							Umbrian letter E	Umbrian letter Ve	Umbrian letter U				Umbrian letter Ze		Umbrian letter He	Umbrian letter The		Umbrian letter I		Umbrian letter Ka	Umbrian letter El	Umbrian letter Em	Umbrian letter En							Umbrian letter P	Umbrian letter She				Umbrian letter Er	Umbrian letter Es (variant 1) Umbrian letter Es (variant 2)			Umbrian letter Te
Lydian	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Lydian letter A	Lydian letter B		Lydian letter G		Lydian letter D			Lydian letter E	Lydian letter V	Lydian letter U									Lydian letter I		Lydian letter K	Lydian letter L	Lydian letter M	Lydian letter N					Lydian letter O			Lydian letter An				Lydian letter R	Lydian letter SS			Lydian letter T
Carian	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE	Carian letter A	Carian letter P				Carian letter D			Carian letter I	Carian letter Y	Carian letter U					Carian letter E							Carian letter L	Carian letter M	Carian letter N					Carian letter O		Carian letter B	Carian letter Sam			Carian letter Koppa	Carian letter R				Carian letter T											Carian letter K
Messapic	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Messapic letter Alpha	Messapic letter Beta		Messapic letter Gamma		Messapic letter Delta			Messapic letter Epsilon	Messapic letter Digamma					Messapic letter Zeta	Messapic letter Eta	Messapic letter Heta	Messapic letter Ṭheta		Messapic letter Iota		Messapic letter Kappa	Messapic letter Lambda	Messapic letter Mu	Messapic letter Nu			Messapic letter Xi		Messapic letter Omicron		Messapic letter Pi				Messapic letter Koppa	Messapic letter Rho	Messapic letter Sigma			Messapic letter Tau		Messapic letter Chi
Lycian	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Lycian letter A	Lycian letter B		Lycian letter G		Lycian letter D			Lycian letter I	Lycian letter W					Lycian letter Z	Lycian letter H		Lycian letter Th		Lycian letter J		Lycian letter K	Lycian letter L	Lycian letter M	Lycian letter N					Lycian letter U		Lycian letter P					Lycian letter R	Lycian letter S			Lycian letter T
Greco-Iberian	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE	Greco-Iberian letter Alpha × Greco-Iberian letter Alpha a Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha.	Greco-Iberian letter Beta × Greco-Iberian letter Beta b Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta.		Greco-Iberian letter Gamma × Greco-Iberian letter Gamma g Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma.		Greco-Iberian letter Delta × Greco-Iberian letter Delta d Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta.					Greco-Iberian letter Upsilon × Greco-Iberian letter Upsilon o Derived from Archaic Greek letter Upsilon.					Greco-Iberian letter Eta × Greco-Iberian letter Eta e Derived from Archaic Greek letter Eta.				Greco-Iberian letter Iota × Greco-Iberian letter Iota i Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota.		Greco-Iberian letter Kappa × Greco-Iberian letter Kappa k Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa.	Greco-Iberian letter Lambda × Greco-Iberian letter Lambda l Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda.		Greco-Iberian letter Nu × Greco-Iberian letter Nu n Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu.					Greco-Iberian letter Omicron × Greco-Iberian letter Omicron o Derived from Archaic Greek letter Omicron.							Greco-Iberian letter Rho × Greco-Iberian letter Rho r Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho. Greco-Iberian letter Rho’ × Greco-Iberian letter Rho’ r’ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho.	Greco-Iberian letter Sigma × Greco-Iberian letter Sigma s Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma.			Greco-Iberian letter Tau × Greco-Iberian letter Tau t Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau.			Greco-Iberian letter Sampi × Greco-Iberian letter Sampi s Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sampi.
Classical Greek Capitals	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE	Classical Greek Captial letter Alpha × Classical Greek Captial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: Short: [a], Long: [aː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha. Numerical value: 1	Classical Greek Captial letter Beta × Classical Greek Captial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: [b] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta. Numerical value: 2		Classical Greek Captial letter Gamma × Classical Greek Captial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: [ɡ], [ŋ] when used before γ, κ, ξ, χ, and possibly μ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma. Numerical value: 3		Classical Greek Captial letter Delta × Classical Greek Captial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: [d̪] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta. Numerical value: 4			Classical Greek Captial letter Epsilon × Archaic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: [e] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Epsilon. Numerical value: 5		Classical Greek Captial letter Upsilon × Classical Greek Captial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: Short: [y], Long: [yː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Upsilon. Numerical value: 400				Classical Greek Captial letter Zeta × Classical Greek Captial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: [zd], or possibly [dz] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Zeta. Numerical value: 7	Classical Greek Captial letter Eta × Classical Greek Captial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: [ɛː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Eta. Numerical value: 8		Classical Greek Captial letter Theta × Classical Greek Captial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: [t̪ʰ] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Theta. Numerical value: 9		Classical Greek Captial letter Iota × Classical Greek Captial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: Short: [i], Long: [iː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota. Numerical value: 10		Classical Greek Captial letter Kappa × Classical Greek Captial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: [k] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa. Numerical value: 20	Classical Greek Captial letter Lambda × Classical Greek Captial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: [l] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda. Numerical value: 30	Classical Greek Captial letter Mu × Classical Greek Captial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: [m] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Mu. Numerical value: 40	Classical Greek Captial letter Nu × Classical Greek Captial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: [n] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu. Numerical value: 50			Classical Greek Captial letter Xi × Classical Greek Captial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: [ks] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Xi. Numerical value: 60		Classical Greek Captial letter Omicron × Classical Greek Captial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: [o] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou. Numerical value: 70		Classical Greek Captial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: [p] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Pi. Numerical value: 80					Classical Greek Captial letter Rho × Classical Greek Captial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: [r] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho. Numerical value: 100	Classical Greek Captial letter Sigma × Classical Greek Captial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: [s] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma. Numerical value: 200			Classical Greek Captial letter Tau × Classical Greek Captial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau. Numerical value: 300	Classical Greek Captial letter Phi × Classical Greek Captial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: [pʰ] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Phi. Numerical value: 500	Classical Greek Captial letter Chi × Classical Greek Captial letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: [kʰ] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Chi. Numerical value: 600	Classical Greek letter Sampi × Classical Greek letter Sampi ΣΑΜΠΙ "like a Pi (Π)" < Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sampi (ͳ). Numerical value: 900								Classical Greek Captial letter Psi × Classical Greek Captial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: [ps] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Psi. Numerical value: 700	Classical Greek Captial letter Omega × Classical Greek Captial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: [ɔː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ō. Numerical value: 800
Hellenistic Greek Captials	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Alpha × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /ɑ/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Beta × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ ([b, β]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Gamma × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /ɣ/ ([ɣ, g, ʝ]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Delta × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Upsilon × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Zeta × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Eta × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: [e] Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Theta × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Iota × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Kappa × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ ([k, g]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Lambda × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/, possibly [ʎ] Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Nu × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ ([n, m]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Xi × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omicron × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ ([p, b]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Rho × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Sigma × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ ([s, z]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Tau × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ ([t, d]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Phi × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Psi × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omega × Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Bactrian	Alphabet ?3 c. BCE - 10 c. CE	Bactrian letter Alpha × Bactrian letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Alpha (Α).	Bactrian letter Beta × Bactrian letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Beta (Β).		Bactrian letter Gamma × Bactrian letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Gamma (Γ).		Bactrian letter Delta × Bactrian letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Delta (Δ).			Bactrian letter Epsilon × Bactrian letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Epsilon (Ε).		Bactrian letter Upsilon × Bactrian letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Upsilon (Υ).				Bactrian letter Zeta × Bactrian letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Zeta (Ζ).	Bactrian letter Epsilon × Bactrian letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Epsilon (Ε).		Bactrian letter Theta × Bactrian letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Theta (Θ).		Bactrian letter Iota × Bactrian letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Iota (Ι).		Bactrian letter Kappa × Bactrian letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Kappa (Κ).	Bactrian letter Lambda × Bactrian letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Lambda (Λ).	Bactrian letter Mu × Bactrian letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu (Μ).	Bactrian letter Nu × Bactrian letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu (Μ).					Bactrian letter Omicron × Bactrian letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omicron (Ο).		Bactrian letter Pi × Bactrian letter Pi Π ΠΙ p Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Pi (Π).					Bactrian letter Rho × Bactrian letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Rho (Ρ).	Bactrian letter Sigma × Bactrian letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Sigma (Σ).			Bactrian letter Tau × Bactrian letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Tau (Τ).	Bactrian letter Phi × Bactrian letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Phi (Φ).	Bactrian letter Chi × Bactrian letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Chi (Χ).										Bactrian letter Omega × Bactrian letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omega (Ω).
Ptolemaic Papyral Greek Uncials	Alphabet 323 - 30 BCE	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /ɑ/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Beta × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ ([b, β]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /ɣ/ ([ɣ, g, ʝ]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Delta × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Eta × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: [e] Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Theta × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Iota × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ ([k, g]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/, possibly [ʎ] Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Mu × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Nu × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ ([n, m]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Xi × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ ([p, b]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Rho × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ ([s, z]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Tau × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ ([t, d]) Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Phi × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Psi × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omega × Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o/ Derived from Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Roman Papyral Greek Uncials	Alphabet 30 BCE - c. 280 CE	Roman Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Roman Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /ɑ/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Roman Greek Uncial letter Beta × Roman Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ ([b, β]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Roman Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Roman Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /ɣ/ ([ɣ, g, ʝ]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Roman Greek Uncial letter Delta × Roman Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Roman Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Roman Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Roman Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Roman Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Roman Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Roman Greek Uncial letter Eta × Roman Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: [e] Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Roman Greek Uncial letter Theta × Roman Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Roman Greek Uncial letter Iota × Roman Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Roman Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Roman Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ ([k, g]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Roman Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Roman Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/, possibly [ʎ] Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Roman Greek Uncial letter Mu × Roman Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Roman Greek Uncial letter Nu × Roman Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ ([n, m]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Roman Greek Uncial letter Xi × Roman Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Roman Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Roman Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Roman Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ ([p, b]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Roman Greek Uncial letter Rho × Roman Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Roman Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Roman Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ ([s, z]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Roman Greek Uncial letter Tau × Roman Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ ([t, d]) Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Roman Greek Uncial letter Phi × Roman Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Roman Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600	Roman Greek letter Sampi × Roman Greek letter Sampi ΣΑΜΠΙ "like a Pi (Π)" Derived from Classical Greek letter Sampi. Numerical value: 900								Roman Greek Uncial letter Psi × Roman Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Roman Greek Uncial letter Omega × Roman Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o/ Derived from Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Byzantine Papyral Greek Uncials	Alphabet c. 280 - 640 CE	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Beta × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /g/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Delta × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /e̞/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Eta × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: /i/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Theta × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Iota × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Mu × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Nu × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Xi × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Rho × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Tau × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Phi × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600	Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (early) × Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (early) Σαμπί "like a Pi (Π)" Derived from Roman Greek letter Sampi. Numerical value: 900 Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (middle) × Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (middle) Σαμπί "like a Pi (Π)" Derived from Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (early). Numerical value: 900 Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (late) × Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (late) Σαμπί "like a Pi (Π)" Derived from Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (middle). Numerical value: 900								Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Psi × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omega × Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Roman Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Biblical Greek Uncials	Alphabet 5 c. CE	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Beta × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /g/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Delta × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Biblical Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /e̞/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Biblical Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Eta × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: /i/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Theta × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Iota × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Mu × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Nu × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Biblical Greek Uncial letter Xi × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Biblical Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Biblical Greek Uncial letter Rho × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Biblical Greek Uncial letter Tau × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Phi × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Biblical Greek Uncial letter Psi × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Biblical Greek Uncial letter Omega × Biblical Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Coptic Greek Uncials	Alphabet Mid-5 - 8 c. CE	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Beta × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /g/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Delta × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Coptic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /e̞/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Coptic Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Eta × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: /i/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Theta × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Iota × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Mu × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Nu × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Coptic Greek Uncial letter Xi × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Coptic Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Coptic Greek Uncial letter Rho × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Coptic Greek Uncial letter Tau × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Phi × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Coptic Greek Uncial letter Psi × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Coptic Greek Uncial letter Omega × Coptic Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Biblical Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Coptic	Alphabet 2 c. BCE - Present	Coptic letter Alpha (majuscule) × Coptic letter Alpha (majuscule) Ⲁ Ⲁⲗⲫⲁ a Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /a/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /a/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ä/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Alpha (majuscule) (Α). Numerical value: 1 Coptic letter Alpha (minuscule) × Coptic letter Alpha (minuscule) ⲁ Ⲁⲗⲫⲁ a Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /a/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /a/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ä/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Alpha (majuscule) (Α). Numerical value: 1	Coptic letter Beta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Beta (majuscule) Ⲃ Ⲃⲏⲧⲁ b/v Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /β/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /β/ (final [b]) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /w/ (final [b]) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /b/, (/v/ before a vowel [except in a name]) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Beta (majuscule) (Β). Numerical value: 2 Coptic letter Beta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Beta (minuscule) ⲃ Ⲃⲏⲧⲁ b/v Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /β/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /β/ (final [b]) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /w/ (final [b]) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /b/, (/v/ before a vowel [except in a name]) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Beta (majuscule) (Β). Numerical value: 2		Coptic letter Gamma (majuscule) × Coptic letter Gamma (majuscule) Ⲅ Ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ gh/ng Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ (marked Greek words) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /g/, ( /ɣ/ before Alpha, O or Oou Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɣ/, /g/ (before /e̞/ or /i/), /ŋ/ (before /g/ or /k/) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Gamma (majuscule) (Γ). Numerical value: 3 Coptic letter Gamma (minuscule) × Coptic letter Gamma (minuscule) ⲅ Ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ gh/ng Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ (marked Greek words) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /g/, ( /ɣ/ before Alpha, O or Oou Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɣ/, /g/ (before /e̞/ or /i/), /ŋ/ (before /g/ or /k/) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Gamma (majuscule) (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Coptic letter Delta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Delta (majuscule) Ⲇ Ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ d Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ (marked Greek words) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /d/ (marked Greek words) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ð/, (/d/ in a name) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Delta (majuscule) (Δ). Numerical value: 4 Coptic letter Delta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Delta (minuscule) ⲇ Ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ d Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ (marked Greek words) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /d/ (marked Greek words) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ð/, (/d/ in a name) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Delta (majuscule) (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Coptic letter Eey (majuscule) × Coptic letter Eey (majuscule) Ⲉ Ⲉⲓ ə Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲉⲓ = /iː/, /j/) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation:/æ/, /ɑ/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /e̞/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Epsilon (majuscule) (Ε). Numerical value: 5 Coptic letter Eey (minuscule) × Coptic letter Eey (minuscule) ⲉ Ⲉⲓ ə Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲉⲓ = /iː/, /j/) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation:/æ/, /ɑ/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /e̞/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Epsilon (majuscule) (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Coptic letter Upsilon (majuscule) × Coptic letter Epsilon (majuscule) Ⲩ Ⲉⲡⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ u Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /w/ (between "ⲟ" and another vowel except "ⲱ"), /v/ (after /ɑ/ (ⲁ or /e̞/ (ⲉ)), /u/ (digraph "ⲟⲩ") Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Upsilon (majuscule) (Υ). Numerical value: 400 Coptic letter Upsilon (minuscule) × Coptic letter Epsilon (minuscule) ⲩ Ⲉⲡⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ u Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /w/ (between "ⲟ" and another vowel except "ⲱ"), /v/ (after /ɑ/ (ⲁ or /e̞/ (ⲉ)), /u/ (digraph "ⲟⲩ") Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Upsilon (majuscule) (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Coptic letter Zeta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Zeta (majuscule) Ⲍ Ⲍⲏⲧⲁ z Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ (marked Greek words) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /z/ (marked Greek words) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /z/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Zeta (majuscule) (Ζ). Numerical value: 7 Coptic letter Zeta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Zeta (minuscule) ⲍ Ⲍⲏⲧⲁ z Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ (marked Greek words) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /z/ (marked Greek words) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /z/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Zeta (majuscule) (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Coptic letter Eta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Eta (majuscule) Ⲏ Ⲏⲧⲁ ee Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /eː/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /e/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/, /ɪ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /iː/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Eta (majuscule) (Η). Numerical value: 8 Coptic letter Eta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Eta (minuscule) ⲏ Ⲏⲧⲁ ee Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /eː/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /e/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/, /ɪ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /iː/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Eta (majuscule) (Η). Numerical value: 8		Coptic letter Theta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Theta (majuscule) Ⲑ Ⲑⲏⲧⲁ th/t Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /th/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /t/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /θ/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Theta (majuscule) (Θ). Numerical value: 9 Coptic letter Theta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Theta (minuscule) ⲑ Ⲑⲏⲧⲁ th/t Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /th/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /t/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /θ/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Theta (minuscule) (θ). Numerical value: 9		Coptic letter Iota (majuscule) × Coptic letter Iota (majuscule) Ⲓ Ⲓⲟⲧⲁ i/j/y Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /iː/, /j/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /j/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/ (before vowels), /ɪ/ (after vowels to form diphthongs) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Iota (majuscule) (Ι). Numerical value: 10 Coptic letter Iota (minuscule) × Coptic letter Iota (minuscule) ⲓ Ⲓⲟⲧⲁ i/j/y Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /iː/, /j/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /j/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/ (before vowels), /ɪ/ (after vowels to form diphthongs) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Iota (minuscule) (ι). Numerical value: 10		Coptic letter Kappa (majuscule) × Coptic letter Kappa (majuscule) Ⲕ Ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ k Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /kʼ/, /k/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Kappa (majuscule) (Κ). Numerical value: 20 Coptic letter Kappa (minuscule) × Coptic letter Kappa (minuscule) ⲕ Ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ k Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /kʼ/, /k/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Kappa (minuscule) (κ). Numerical value: 20	Coptic letter Lola (majuscule) × Coptic letter Lola (majuscule) Ⲗ Ⲗⲟⲗⲁ l Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /l/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Lamda (minuscule) (λ). Numerical value: 30 Coptic letter Lola (minuscule) × Coptic letter Lola (minuscule) ⲗ Ⲗⲟⲗⲁ l Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /l/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Lamda (minuscule) (λ). Numerical value: 30	Coptic letter Mey (majuscule) × Coptic letter Mey (majuscule) Ⲙ Ⲙⲉⲓ m Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /m/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Mu (majuscule) (Μ). Numerical value: 40 Coptic letter Mey (minuscule) × Coptic letter Mey (minuscule) ⲙ Ⲙⲉⲓ m Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /m/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Mu (majuscule) (Μ). Numerical value: 40 Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (majuscule) × Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (majuscule) Ⲻ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35. Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (minuscule) × Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (minuscule) ⲻ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35.	Coptic letter Ney (majuscule) × Coptic letter Ney (majuscule) Ⲛ Ⲛⲉⲓ n Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Nu (majuscule) (Ν). Numerical value: 50 Coptic letter Ney (minuscule) × Coptic letter Ney (minuscule) ⲛ Ⲛⲉⲓ n Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Nu (majuscule) (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Coptic letter Exi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Exi (majuscule) Ⲝ Ⲉⲝⲓ x Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ks/ (only in Greek loanwords) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ks/, [e̞ks] (usually following a consonant, or sometimes when starting a word) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Xi (minuscule) (ξ). Numerical value: 60 Coptic letter Exi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Exi (minuscule) ⲝ Ⲉⲝⲓ x Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ks/ (only in Greek loanwords) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ks/, [e̞ks] (usually following a consonant, or sometimes when starting a word) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Xi (minuscule) (ξ). Numerical value: 60		Coptic letter O (majuscule) × Coptic letter O (majuscule) Ⲟ ⲟ o Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /o/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /o̞/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Omicron (majuscule) (Ο). Numerical value: 70 Coptic letter O (minuscule) × Coptic letter (minuscule) ⲟ ⲟ o Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /o/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /o̞/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Omicron (minuscule) (ο). Numerical value: 70	Old Coptic letter Hat (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hat (majuscule) Ⳕ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28. Old Coptic letter Hat (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hat (minuscule) ⳕ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28.	Coptic letter Pi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Pi (majuscule) Ⲡ Ⲡⲓ p Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /p/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /b/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Pi (majuscule) (Π). Numerical value: 80 Coptic letter Pi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Pi (minuscule) ⲡ Ⲡⲓ p Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /p/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /b/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Pi (majuscule) (Π). Numerical value: 80					Coptic letter Roo (majuscule) × Coptic letter Roo (majuscule) Ⲣ Ⲣⲟ r Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Rho (majuscule) (Ρ). Numerical value: 100 Coptic letter Roo (minuscule) × Coptic letter Roo (minuscule) ⲣ Ⲣⲟ r Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Rho (minuscule) (ρ). Numerical value: 100	Coptic letter Seema (majuscule) × Coptic letter Seema (majuscule) Ⲥ Ⲥⲓⲙⲁ s/c Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Sigma (majuscule) (Σ). Numerical value: 200 Coptic letter Seema (minuscule) × Coptic letter Seema (minuscule) ⲥ Ⲥⲓⲙⲁ s/c Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Sigma (majuscule) (Σ). Numerical value: 200		Coptic letter Soou (majuscule) × Coptic letter Soou (majuscule) Ⲋ Ⲥⲟⲟⲩ Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: - Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: - Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: - Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: - Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) ligature Stigma (majuscule) (Ϛ). Numerical value: 6 Coptic letter Soou (minuscule) × Coptic letter Soou (minuscule) ⲋ Ⲥⲟⲟⲩ Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: - Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: - Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: - Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: - Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) ligature Stigma (minuscule) (ϛ). Numerical value: 6	Coptic letter Tau (majuscule) × Coptic letter Tau (majuscule) Ⲧ Ⲧⲁⲩ t/d Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /d/ (final [t]) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Tau (majuscule) (Τ). Numerical value: 300 Coptic letter Tau (minuscule) × Coptic letter Tau (minuscule) ⲧ Ⲧⲁⲩ t/d Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /d/ (final [t]) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Tau (majuscule) (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Coptic letter Phi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Phi (majuscule) Ⲫ Ⲫⲓ f Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ph/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /pʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /b/~/f/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Phi (majuscule) (Φ). Numerical value: 500 Coptic letter Phi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Phi (minuscule) ⲫ Ⲫⲓ f Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ph/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /pʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /b/~/f/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Phi (majuscule) (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Coptic letter Chi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Chi (majuscule) Ⲭ Ⲭⲓ k/sh/kh Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /kh/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /kʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ (if the word is Coptic in origin), /x/ (if the word is Greek in origin), /ç/ (if the word is Greek in origin but before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Chi (minuscule) (χ). Numerical value: 600 Coptic letter Chi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Chi (minuscule) ⲭ Ⲭⲓ k/sh/kh Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /kh/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /kʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ (if the word is Coptic in origin), /x/ (if the word is Greek in origin), /ç/ (if the word is Greek in origin but before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Chi (minuscule) (χ). Numerical value: 600	Coptic letter Sampi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Sampi (majuscule) Ⳁ Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: — Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: — Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letters Sampi and Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 900 Coptic letter Sampi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Sampi (minuscule) ⳁ Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: — Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: — Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letters Sampi and Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 900	Coptic letter Shai (majuscule) × Coptic letter Shai (majuscule) Ϣ Ϣⲁⲓ sh Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8. Coptic letter Shai (minuscule) × Coptic letter Shai (minuscule) ϣ Ϣⲁⲓ sh Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8. Old Coptic letter Shei (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Shei (majuscule) Ⳅ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8. Old Coptic letter Shei (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Shei (minuscule) ⳅ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8.	Coptic letter Fai (majuscule) × Coptic letter Fai (majuscule) Ϥ Ϥⲁⲓ f Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9. Coptic letter Fai (minuscule) × Coptic letter Fai (minuscule) ϥ Ϥⲁⲓ f Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9.	Coptic letter Khai (majuscule) × Coptic letter Khai (majuscule) Ϧ Ϧⲁⲓ kh/q Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12. Coptic letter Khai (minuscule) × Coptic letter Khai (minuscule) ϧ Ϧⲁⲓ kh/q Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12.	Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) × Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) Ϩ Ϩⲟⲣⲓ h Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /h/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1. Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) × Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) ϩ Ϩⲟⲣⲓ h Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /h/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1. Old Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) Ⳍ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1. Old Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) ⳍ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1.	Coptic letter Janja (majuscule) × Coptic letter Janja (majuscule) Ϫ Ϫⲁⲛϫⲁ g/j Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /t͡ʃ/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /t͡ʃ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɟ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /g/, /dʒ/ (before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29. Coptic letter Janja (minuscule) × Coptic letter Janja (minuscule) ϫ Ϫⲁⲛϫⲁ g/j Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /t͡ʃ/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /t͡ʃ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ɟ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /g/, /dʒ/ (before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29. Old Coptic letter Gangia (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Gangia (majuscule) Ⳗ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29. Old Coptic letter Gangia (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Gangia (minuscule) ⳗ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29.	Coptic letter Cheema (majuscule) × Coptic letter Cheema (majuscule) Ϭ Ϭⲓⲙⲁ c/ch Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /kʲ/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʃ/, [e̞tʃ] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31. Coptic letter Cheema (minuscule) × Coptic letter Cheema (minuscule) ϭ Ϭⲓⲙⲁ c/ch Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /kʲ/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʰ/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʃ/, [e̞tʃ] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31.	Coptic letter Ti (majuscule) × Coptic letter Ti (majuscule) Ϯ Ⲧⲓ ti Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /tiː/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼi/, /ti/, /tə/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /di/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ti/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1. Coptic letter Ti (minuscule) × Coptic letter Ti (minuscule) ϯ Ⲧⲓ ti Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /tiː/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼi/, /ti/, /tə/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /di/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /ti/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1.	Coptic letter Epsi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Epsi (majuscule) Ⲯ Ⲉⲯⲓ ps Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: [bs] (only in Greek loanwords) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: [ps], [e̞ps] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Psi (majuscule) (Ψ). Numerical value: 700 Coptic letter Epsi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Epsi (minuscule) ⲯ Ⲉⲯⲓ ps Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: — Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: — Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: [bs] (only in Greek loanwords) Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: [ps], [e̞ps] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Psi (minuscule) (ψ). Numerical value: 700	Coptic letter Oou (majuscule) × Coptic letter Oou (majuscule) Ⲱ Ⲱⲩ o/w Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /oː/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /o/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /oː/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /oː/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Omega (minuscule) (ω). Numerical value: 800 Coptic letter Oou (minuscule) × Coptic letter Oou (minuscule) ⲱ Ⲱⲩ o/w Reconstructed Classical Sahidic pronunciation: /oː/ Reconstructed Classical Bohairic pronunciation: /o/ Traditional Bohairic pronunciation: /oː/ Ecclesiastical Bohairic pronunciation: /oː/ Derived from Greek (Coptic Uncial) letter Omega (minuscule) (ω). Numerical value: 800
Old Nubian	Alphabet 8 c. CE - Present	Old Nubian letter Alpha × Old Nubian letter Alpha ⲁ ⲁⲗⲫⲁ a IPA: /a, aː/ Derived from Coptic letter Alpha (minuscule) (ⲁ).	Old Nubian letter Beta × Old Nubian letter Beta ⲃ ⲃⲏⲧⲁ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Coptic letter Beta (minuscule) (ⲃ).		Old Nubian letter Gamma × Old Nubian letter Gamma ⲅ ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Coptic letter Gamma (minuscule) (ⲅ).		Old Nubian letter Delta × Old Nubian letter Delta ⲇ ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Coptic letter Delta (minuscule) (ⲇ).			Old Nubian letter Eey × Old Nubian letter Eey ⲉ ⲉⲓ e IPA: /e, eː/ Derived from Coptic letter Eey (minuscule) (ⲉ).		Old Nubian letter Upsilon × Old Nubian letter Upsilon ⲩ ⲩⲡⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ u IPA: /i/, /u/ Derived from Coptic letter Upsilon (minuscule) (ⲩ).				Old Nubian letter Zeta × Old Nubian letter Zeta ⲍ ⲍⲏⲧⲁ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Coptic letter Zeta (minuscule) (ⲍ).	Old Nubian letter Eta × Old Nubian letter Eta ⲏ ⲏⲧⲁ ē IPA: /i, iː/ Derived from Coptic letter Eta (minuscule) (ⲏ).		Old Nubian letter Theta × Old Nubian letter Theta ⲑ ⲑⲏⲧⲁ th IPA: /t/ Derived from Coptic letter Theta (minuscule) (ⲑ).		Old Nubian letter Iota × Old Nubian letter Iota ⲓ ⲓⲟⲧⲁ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Coptic letter Iota (minuscule) (ⲓ).		Old Nubian letter Kappa × Old Nubian letter Kappa ⲕ ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Coptic letter Kappa (minuscule) (ⲕ).	Old Nubian letter Lola × Old Nubian letter Lola ⲗ ⲗⲟⲗⲁ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Coptic letter Lola (minuscule) (ⲗ).	Old Nubian letter Mey × Old Nubian letter Mey ⲙ ⲙⲉⲓ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Coptic letter Mey (minuscule) (ⲙ).	Old Nubian letter Ney × Old Nubian letter Ney ⲛ ⲛⲉⲓ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Coptic letter Ney (minuscule) (ⲛ).			Old Nubian letter Exi × Old Nubian letter Exi ⲝ ⲉⲝⲓ x IPA: /ks/ Derived from Coptic letter Exi (minuscule) (ⲝ).		Old Nubian letter O × Old Nubian letter O ⲟ ⲟ o IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Coptic letter O (minuscule) (ⲟ).		Old Nubian letter Pi × Old Nubian letter Pi ⲡ ⲡⲓ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Coptic letter Pi (minuscule) (ⲡ).					Old Nubian letter Roo × Old Nubian letter Roo ⲣ ⲣⲟ r IPA: /ɾ/ Derived from Coptic letter Roo (minuscule) (ⲣ).	Old Nubian letter Seema × Old Nubian letter Seema ⲥ ⲥⲓⲙⲁ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Coptic letter Seema (minuscule) (ⲥ).		Old Nubian letter Soou × Old Nubian letter Soou ⲋ ⲥⲟⲟⲩ Derived from Coptic letter Soou (minuscule) (ⲋ).	Old Nubian letter Tau × Old Nubian letter Tau ⲧ ⲧⲁⲩ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Coptic letter Tau (minuscule) (ⲧ).	Old Nubian letter Phi × Old Nubian letter Phi ⲫ ⲫⲓ ph IPA: /f/ Derived from Coptic letter Phi (minuscule) (ⲫ).	Old Nubian letter Chi × Old Nubian letter Chi ⲭ ⲭⲓ kh IPA: /x/ Derived from Coptic letter Chi (minuscule) (ⲭ).		Old Nubian letter Shai × Old Nubian letter Shai ϣ ϣⲁⲓ š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Coptic letter Shai (minuscule) (ϣ).			Old Nubian letter Hori × Old Nubian letter Hori Ϩ Ϩⲟⲣⲓ h IPA: /h/ Derived from Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) (Ϩ).		Old Nubian letter Shima × Old Nubian letter Shima ⳝ ⳝⲓⲙⲁ j IPA: /ɟ/ Derived from Coptic letter Shima (minuscule) (ϭ).		Old Nubian letter Epsi × Old Nubian letter Epsi ⲯ ⲉⲯⲓ ps IPA: /ps/ Derived from Coptic letter Epsi (minuscule) (ⲯ).	Old Nubian letter Oou × Old Nubian letter Oou ⲱ ⲱⲩ ō IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Coptic letter Oou (minuscule) (ⲱ).
Sloping Greek Uncials	Alphabet 5 c. CE	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Beta × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /g/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Delta × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Sloping Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /e̞/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Sloping Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Eta × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: /i/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Theta × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Iota × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Mu × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Nu × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Sloping Greek Uncial letter Xi × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Sloping Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Sloping Greek Uncial letter Rho × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Sloping Greek Uncial letter Tau × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Phi × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Sloping Greek Uncial letter Psi × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Sloping Greek Uncial letter Omega × Sloping Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Slavonic Greek Uncials	Alphabet 9 - Mid-12 c. CE	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Alpha × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Beta × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Gamma × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: /g/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Delta × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: /e̞/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: /y/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Zeta × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Eta × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: /i/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Theta × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Iota × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Kappa × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Lambda × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Mu × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Nu × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Xi × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omicron × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80					Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Rho × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Sigma × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200			Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Tau × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Phi × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Chi × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: /kʰ/ Likely derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Psi × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: /ps/ Likely derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omega × Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: /o̞/ Derived from Sloping Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800
Early Cyrillic	Alphabet 893 CE - 18 c. CE	Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ А Азъ I (1st person pronoun) a IPA: [a] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1 Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ Ъ Ѥръ ŭ, ъ IPA: [ŭ], [ʊ] Perhaps derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerъ (Ⱏ). Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ × Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ Ь Ѥрь ĭ, ь IPA: [ĭ], [ɪ] Perhaps derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь (Ⱐ).	Early Cyrillic letter Buky × Early Cyrillic letter Buky Б Боукꙑ letters b IPA: [b] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β).	Early Cyrillic letter Vědě × Early Cyrillic letter Vědě В Вѣдѣ know v IPA: [v] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2	Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli × Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli Г Глаголи speak g IPA: [g] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Early Cyrillic letter Dobro × Early Cyrillic letter Dobro Д Добро good d IPA: [d] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ Є Єстъ is e IPA: [ɛ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5		Early Cyrillic letter Ižica × Early Cyrillic letter Ižica Ѵ Ижица small yoke ü, v, ỳ IPA: [i], [y], [v] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Uspilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Early Cyrillic letter Dzělo (majuscule) × Early Cyrillic letter Dzělo (majuscule) Ꙃ Ꙃѣло very dz IPA: [dz] Derived from Greek minuscule letter Zeta (ζ). Numerical value: 6 Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja × Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja Ꙁ Ꙁємл҄ꙗ earth z IPA: [z] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Early Cyrillic letter Iže × Early Cyrillic letter Iže И Ижє which i IPA: [i] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Heta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Early Cyrillic letter Fita × Early Cyrillic letter Fita Ѳ Фита θ, th, t, f IPA: [t], [θ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Early Cyrillic letter I × Early Cyrillic letter I І И and i IPA: [i] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Early Cyrillic letter Kako × Early Cyrillic letter Kako К Како as k IPA: [k] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije × Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije Л Людиѥ people l IPA: [l], [ʎ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Early Cyrillic letter Myslite × Early Cyrillic letter Myslite М Мꙑслитє think m IPA: [m] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ × Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ Н Нашь ours n IPA: [n], [ɲ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Early Cyrillic letter Ksi × Early Cyrillic letter Ksi Ѯ Ѯи ks IPA: [ks] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60 Early Cyrillic letter Ci × Early Cyrillic letter Ci Ц Ци c IPA: [ts] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Ci (Ⱌ). Numerical value: 900		Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ О Онъ he/it o IPA: [o] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi × Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi П Покои peace/calm p IPA: [p] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80	Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ × Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ Ч Чрьвь worm č IPA: [tʃ] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Črьvъ (Ⱍ). Numerical value: 90			Early Cyrillic letter Kopa × Early Cyrillic letter Kopa Ҁ Копа q Derived from Greek letter Koppa (Ϙ). Numerical value: 90	Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci × Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci Р Рьци say p IPA: [p] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Early Cyrillic letter Slovo × Early Cyrillic letter Slovo С Слово word/speech s IPA: [s] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Ϲ). Numerical value: 200 Early Cyrillic letter Živěte × Early Cyrillic letter Živěte Ж Живѣтє live zh IPA: [ʒ] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Živěte (Ⰶ). Early Cyrillic letter Ša × Early Cyrillic letter Ša Ш Ша š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Ša (Ⱎ).			Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo × Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo Т Тврьдо hard/surely t IPA: [t] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300	Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ Ф Фрьтъ f IPA: [f], [p] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ Хѣръ kh IPA: [x] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Early Cyrillic letter Psi × Early Cyrillic letter Psi Ѱ Ѱи ps IPA: [ps] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ Ѡ Отъ from ō, w, o, ô IPA: [o] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ѡ). Numerical value: 800
Bosančica	Alphabet 11 c. CE - 19 c. CE	Bosančica letter A × Bosančica letter A A А IPA: /a/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Bosančica Soft Sign × Bosančica Soft Sign ъ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ).	Bosančica letter B × Bosančica letter B B Б IPA: /b/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Buky (Б).		Bosančica letter G × Bosančica letter G G Г IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г).		Bosančica letter D × Bosančica letter D D Д IPA: /d/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).			Bosančica letter E × Bosančica letter E E Е IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є).						Bosančica letter Z × Bosančica letter Z Z З IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (З).	Bosančica letter I × Bosančica letter I I И IPA: /i/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Iže (И).				Bosančica letter I × Bosančica letter I I І IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (И).		Bosančica letter K × Bosančica letter K K К IPA: /k/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Bosančica letter L × Bosančica letter L L Л IPA: /l/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Bosančica letter M × Bosančica letter M M М IPA: /m/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Bosančica letter N × Bosančica letter N N Н IPA: /n/ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ (Н) or Greek letter Nu (majuscule) (Ν).			Bosančica letter C × Bosančica letter C C Ц IPA: /ts/ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ci (Ц).		Bosančica letter O × Bosančica letter O O О IPA: /ɔ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ (О).		Bosančica letter P × Bosančica letter P P П IPA: /p/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).	Bosančica letter Č × Bosančica letter Č Č Ч IPA: /tʃ/ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ (Ч).				Bosančica letter R × Bosančica letter R R Р IPA: /ɾ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Bosančica letter S × Bosančica letter S S С IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С). Bosančica letter Ž × Bosančica letter Ž Ž Ж IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж). Bosančica letter Š × Bosančica letter Š Š Ш IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).			Bosančica letter T × Bosančica letter T T Т IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т).	Bosančica letter F × Bosančica letter F F Ф IPA: /f/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).	Bosančica letter H × Bosančica letter H H Х IPA: /x/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ (Х).										Bosančica letter Ot × Bosančica letter Ot Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ).
Old Permic	Alphabet 1372 CE - 17 c. CE	Old Permic letter An × Old Permic letter An 𐍐 𐍐𐍝 a а IPA: [a] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Old Permic letter Er × Old Permic letter Er 𐍯 𐍔𐍠 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ). Old Permic letter Er' × Old Permic letter Er' 𐍰 𐍔𐍠𐍰 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь).		Old Permic letter Ver × Old Permic letter Ver 𐍮 𐍮𐍔𐍠 v в IPA: [v] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Vědě (В).	Old Permic letter Gai × Old Permic letter Gai 𐍒 𐍒𐍐𐍙 g г IPA: [ɡ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Doi × Old Permic letter Doi 𐍓 𐍓𐍩𐍙 d г IPA: [d], [dʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).			Old Permic letter E × Old Permic letter E 𐍔 𐍔 e е, э IPA: [e̞] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.						Old Permic letter Zata × Old Permic letter Zata 𐍗 𐍗𐍐𐍢𐍐 z з IPA: [z] Likely derived from early variant of Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (Ꙁ).	Old Permic letter Vôi × Old Permic letter Vôi 𐍞 𐍮𐍞𐍙 ô о̂ IPA: [o] Likely derived from Greek letter Heta (minuscule) (η). or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Chery × Old Permic letter Chery 𐍤 𐍤𐍔𐍠𐍧 ch тш, ч IPA: [t͡ʂ], [t͡sʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Fita (Ѳ).		Old Permic letter I × Old Permic letter I 𐍙 𐍙 i і, и, й IPA: [i], [j] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (І) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Koke × Old Permic letter Koke 𐍚 𐍚𐍩𐍚𐍔 k к IPA: [k] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Old Permic letter Lei × Old Permic letter Lei 𐍛 𐍛𐍔𐍙 l л IPA: [l], [lʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Old Permic letter Menö × Old Permic letter Menö 𐍜 𐍜𐍔𐍝𐍩 m м IPA: [m] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Old Permic letter Nenö × Old Permic letter Nenö 𐍝 𐍝𐍔𐍝𐍩 n н IPA: [n], [nʲ] Likely derived from Greek letter Nu (minuscule) (ν) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.			Old Permic letter Shoi × Old Permic letter Shoi 𐍥 𐍥𐍩𐍙 sh ш IPA: [ʃ], [sʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ksi (Ѯ).				Old Permic letter Pei × Old Permic letter Pei 𐍟 𐍟𐍔𐍙 p п IPA: [p] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).					Old Permic letter Rei × Old Permic letter Rei 𐍠 𐍠𐍔𐍙 r р IPA: [r] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Old Permic letter Sii × Old Permic letter Sii 𐍡 𐍡𐍙𐍙 s с IPA: [s] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs. Old Permic letter Zhoi × Old Permic letter Zhoi 𐍕 𐍕𐍩𐍙 zh ж IPA: [e̞] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs. Old Permic letter Shchoi × Old Permic letter Shchoi 𐍦 𐍦𐍩𐍙 sh ш Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).			Old Permic letter Tai × Old Permic letter Tai 𐍢 𐍢𐍐𐍙 t т IPA: [t], [tʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Bur × Old Permic letter Bur 𐍑 𐍑𐍣𐍠 b б IPA: [b] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).											Old Permic letter O × Old Permic letter O 𐍩 𐍩 o о, ӧ IPA: [o̞], [ə] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ). Old Permic letter Oo/Omega × Old Permic letter Oo/Omega 𐍪 𐍪 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ).
Modern Cyrillic	Alphabet 18 c. CE - Present	Modern Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) А А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Modern Cyrillic letter A (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter A (minuscule) а А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (majuscule) Ъ IPA: /ɤ̞/,/ə/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ). Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (minuscule) ъ IPA: /ɤ̞/,/ə/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ). Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (majuscule) Ь IPA: /ʲ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь). Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (minuscule) ь IPA: /ʲ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь).	Modern Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) Б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Buky (Б). Modern Cyrillic letter Be (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Be (minuscule) б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Buky (Б).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) В Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Vědě (В). Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule) в Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Vědě (В).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) Г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г). Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule) г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г).		Modern Cyrillic letter De (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter De (majuscule) Д Де d IPA: /d/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д). Modern Cyrillic letter De (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter De (minuscule) д Де d IPA: /d/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).			Modern Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) Е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є). Modern Cyrillic letter E (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter E (minuscule) е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є).		Modern Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) У У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ukŭ (Оу), with the "О" later removed. Modern Cyrillic letter U (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter U (minuscule) У У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter U (У).				Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) З Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (З). Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) з Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (З).	Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) И И i IPA: /i/, /ʲi/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Iže (И). Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) и И i IPA: /i/, /ʲi/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Iže (И).	Modern Cyrillic letter short I (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter short I (majuscule) Й j IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (И). Modern Cyrillic letter short I (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter short I (minuscule) й j IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (и).			Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) І І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (І). Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) і І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (і).	Modern Cyrillic letter Je (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Je (majuscule) Ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Latin letter J (majuscule) (J). Modern Cyrillic letter Je (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Je (minuscule) ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Latin letter J (minuscule) (j).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) К Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К). Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule) к Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Modern Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) Л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л). Modern Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Modern Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) М Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М). Modern Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule) м Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Modern Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) Н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ (Н). Modern Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ (Н).			Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (majuscule) Ц Це c IPA: /ts/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ci (Ц). Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (minuscule) ц Це c IPA: /ts/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ci (Ц).		Modern Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) О О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ (О). Modern Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) о О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ (О).		Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) П Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П). Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule) п Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).	Modern Cyrillic letter Če (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Če (majuscule) Ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ (Ч). Modern Cyrillic letter Če (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Če (minuscule) ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ (Ч).				Modern Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) Р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р). Modern Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule) р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Modern Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) С Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С). Modern Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) с Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С). Modern Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) Ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж). Modern Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж). Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (majuscule) Ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш). Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (minuscule) ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).			Modern Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) Т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т). Modern Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (majuscule) Ф Еф f IPA: [f] Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф). Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (minuscule) ф Еф f IPA: [f] Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).	Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (majuscule) Х Ха kh IPA: /x/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ (Х). Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (minuscule) х Ха kh IPA: /x/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ (Х).
Molodtsov	Alphabet 1918 CE - 1931 CE	Molodtsov letter A (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter A (majuscule) А А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) (А). Molodtsov letter A (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter A (minuscule) а А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter A (minuscule) (а).	Molodtsov letter Be (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Be (majuscule) Б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) (Б). Molodtsov letter Be (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Be (minuscule) б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Buky (minuscule) (б).	Molodtsov letter Ve (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ve (majuscule) В Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) (В). Molodtsov letter Ve (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ve (minuscule) в Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule) (в).	Molodtsov letter Ge (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ge (majuscule) Г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) (Г). Molodtsov letter Ge (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ge (minuscule) г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule) (г).		Molodtsov letter De (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter De (majuscule) Ԁ Ԁе d IPA: /d/ Likely derived from Latin letter D (minuscule) (d). Molodtsov letter De (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter De (minuscule) ԁ Ԁе d IPA: /d/ Likely derived from Latin letter D (minuscule) (d).			Molodtsov letter E (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter E (majuscule) Е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) (Е). Molodtsov letter E (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter E (minuscule) е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter E (minuscule) (е).		Molodtsov letter U (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter U (majuscule) У У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) (У). Molodtsov letter U (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter U (minuscule) у У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter U (minuscule) (у).				Molodtsov letter Ze (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ze (majuscule) З Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) (З). Molodtsov letter Ze (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ze (minuscule) з Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) (з). Molodtsov letter Zje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Zje (majuscule) Ԅ Ԅе zj IPA: /ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) (З). Molodtsov letter Zje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Zje (minuscule) ԅ Ԅе zj IPA: /ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) (з). Molodtsov letter Dze (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dze (majuscule) Ԇ Ԇе dz IPA: /d͡ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) (З). Molodtsov letter Dze (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dze (minuscule) ԇ Ԇе dz IPA: /d͡ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) (з).					Molodtsov letter I (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter I (majuscule) І І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) (І). Molodtsov letter I (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter I (minuscule) і І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) (і).	Molodtsov letter Je (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Je (majuscule) Ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter J (majuscule) (Ј). Molodtsov letter Je (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Je (minuscule) ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter J (minuscule) (ј).	Molodtsov letter Ka (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ka (majuscule) К Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) (К). Molodtsov letter Ka (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ka (minuscule) к Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule) (к).	Molodtsov letter El (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter El (majuscule) Л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) (Л). Molodtsov letter El (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter El (minuscule) л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) (л). Molodtsov letter Lje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Lje (majuscule) Ԉ Ԉе lj IPA: /ʎ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) (Л). Molodtsov letter Lje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Lje (minuscule) ԉ Ԉе lj IPA: /ʎ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) (л).	Molodtsov letter Em (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Em (majuscule) М Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) (М). Molodtsov letter Em (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Em (minuscule) м Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule) (м).	Molodtsov letter En (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter En (majuscule) Н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) (Н). Molodtsov letter En (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter En (minuscule) н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) (н). Molodtsov letter Nje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Nje (majuscule) Н Ԋе nj IPA: /ɲ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) (Н). Molodtsov letter Nje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Nje (minuscule) ԋ Ԋе nj IPA: /ɲ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) (н).					Molodtsov letter O (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter O (majuscule) О О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) (О). Molodtsov letter O (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter O (minuscule) о О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) (о). Molodtsov letter Ö (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ö (majuscule) Ӧ Ӧ ӧ IPA: /ɘ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) (О). Molodtsov letter Ö (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ö (minuscule) ӧ Ӧ ӧ IPA: /ɘ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) (о).		Molodtsov letter Pe (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Pe (majuscule) П Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) (П). Molodtsov letter Pe (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Pe (minuscule) п Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule) (п).	Molodtsov letter Če (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Če (majuscule) Ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Če (majuscule) (Ч). Molodtsov letter Če (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Če (minuscule) ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Če (minuscule) (ч).				Molodtsov letter Er (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Er (majuscule) Р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) (Р). Molodtsov letter Er (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Er (minuscule) р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule) (р).	Molodtsov letter Es (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Es (majuscule) С Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) (С). Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) с Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) (с). Molodtsov letter Sje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Sje (majuscule) Ԍ Ԍе sj IPA: /ɕ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) (С). Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) с Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) (с). Molodtsov letter Že (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Že (majuscule) Ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) (Ж). Molodtsov letter Že (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Že (minuscule) ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) (ж). Molodtsov letter Dže (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dže (majuscule) Җ Җе dzh IPA: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) (Ж). Molodtsov letter Dže (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dže (minuscule) җ Җе dzh IPA: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) (ж). Molodtsov letter Ša (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ša (majuscule) Ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ša (majuscule) (Ш). Molodtsov letter Ša (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ša (minuscule) ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ša (minuscule) (ш).			Molodtsov letter Te (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Te (majuscule) Т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) (Т). Molodtsov letter Te (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Te (minuscule) т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) (т). Molodtsov letter Tje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Tje (majuscule) Ԏ Ԏе tj IPA: /c/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) (Т). Molodtsov letter Tje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Tje (minuscule) ԏ Ԏе tj IPA: /c/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) (т).
Modern Greek	Alphabet 15 c. CE - Present	Modern Greek letter Alpha (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Alpha (majuscule) Α Άλφα a IPA: [a] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1 Modern Greek letter Alpha (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Alpha (minuscule) α Άλφα a IPA: [a] Derived from Greek cursive letter Alpha. Numerical value: 1	Modern Greek letter Beta (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Beta (majuscule) Β Βήτα b IPA: [v] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2 Modern Greek letter Beta (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Beta (minuscule) β Βήτα b IPA: [v] Derived from Greek cursive letter Beta. Numerical value: 2		Modern Greek letter Gamma (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Gamma (majuscule) Γ Γάμμα g IPA: [ɣ] before [a], [o], [u]; [ʝ] before [e], [i]; [ŋ]~ [ɲ] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3 Modern Greek letter Gamma (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Gamma (minuscule) γ Γάμμα g IPA: [ɣ] before [a], [o], [u]; [ʝ] before [e], [i]; [ŋ]~ [ɲ] Derived from Greek cursive letter Gamma. Numerical value: 3		Modern Greek letter Delta (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Delta (majuscule) Δ Δέλτα d IPA: [ð] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4 Modern Greek letter Delta (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Delta (minuscule) δ Δέλτα d IPA: [ð] Derived from Greek cursive letter Delta. Numerical value: 4			Modern Greek letter Epsilon (majuscule) × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon (majuscule) Ε Έψιλον Simple E e IPA: [e̞] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5 Modern Greek letter Epsilon (minuscule) × Hellenistic Greek letter Epsilon (minuscule) ε Έψιλον Simple E e IPA: [e̞] Derived from Greek cursive letter Epsilon. Numerical value: 5		Modern Greek letter Upsilon (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Upsilon (majuscule) Υ Ύψιλον Simple U y IPA: [i] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Upsilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400 Modern Greek letter Upsilon (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Upsilon (minuscule) υ Ύψιλον Simple U y IPA: [i] Derived from Greek cursive letter Upsilon. Numerical value: 400				Modern Greek letter Zeta (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Zeta (majuscule) Ζ Ζήτα z IPA: [z] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7 Modern Greek letter Zeta (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Zeta (minuscule) ζ Ζήτα z IPA: [z] Derived from Greek cursive letter Zeta. Numerical value: 7	Modern Greek letter Eta (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Eta (majuscule) Η Ήτα ē IPA: [i] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Eta (Η). Numerical value: 8 Modern Greek letter Eta (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Eta (minuscule) η Ήτα ē IPA: [i] Derived from Greek cursive letter Eta. Numerical value: 8		Modern Greek letter Theta (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Theta (majuscule) Θ Θήτα th IPA: [θ] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9 Modern Greek letter Theta (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Theta (minuscule) θ Θήτα th IPA: [θ] Derived from Greek cursive letter Theta. Numerical value: 9		Modern Greek letter Iota (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Iota (majuscule) Ι Ιώτα i IPA: [i], [ç], [ʝ], [ɲ] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10 Modern Greek letter Iota (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Iota (minuscule) ι Ιώτα i IPA: [i], [ç], [ʝ], [ɲ] Derived from Greek cursive letter Iota. Numerical value: 10		Modern Greek letter Kappa (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Kappa (majuscule) Κ Κάππα k IPA: [k] before [a], [o], [u]; [c] before [e], [i] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20 Modern Greek letter Kappa (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Kappa (minuscule) κ Κάππα k IPA: [k] before [a], [o], [u]; [c] before [e], [i] Derived from Greek cursive letter Kappa. Numerical value: 20	Modern Greek letter Lambda (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Lambda (majuscule) Λ Λάμβδα l IPA: [l] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30 Modern Greek letter Lambda (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Lambda (minuscule) λ Λάμβδα l IPA: [l] Derived from Greek cursive letter Lambda. Numerical value: 30	Modern Greek letter Mu (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Mu (majuscule) Μ Μυ m IPA: [m] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40 Modern Greek letter Mu (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Mu (minuscule) μ Μυ m IPA: [m] Derived from Greek cursive letter Mu. Numerical value: 40	Modern Greek letter Nu (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Nu (majuscule) Ν Νυ n IPA: [n] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50 Modern Greek letter Nu (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Nu (minuscule) ν Νυ n IPA: [n] Derived from Greek cursive letter Nu. Numerical value: 50			Modern Greek letter Xi (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Xi (majuscule) Ξ Ξι ks IPA: [ks] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60 Modern Greek letter Xi (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Xi (minuscule) ξ Ξι ks IPA: [ks] Derived from Greek cursive letter Xi. Numerical value: 60		Modern Greek letter Omicron (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Omicron (majuscule) Ο Όμικρον Small O o IPA: [o̞] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70 Modern Greek letter Omicron (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Omicron (minuscule) ο Όμικρον Small O o IPA: [o̞] Derived from Greek cursive letter Omicron. Numerical value: 70		Modern Greek letter Pi (majuscule) × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi (majuscule) Π Πι p IPA: [p] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80 Modern Greek letter Pi (minuscule) × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi (minuscule) π Πι p IPA: [p] Derived from Greek cursive letter Pi. Numerical value: 80					Modern Greek letter Rho (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Rho (majuscule) Ρ Ρο r IPA: [r] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100 Modern Greek letter Rho (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Rho (minuscule) ρ Ρο r IPA: [r] Derived from Greek cursive letter Rho. Numerical value: 100	Modern Greek letter Sigma (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Sigma (majuscule) Σ Σίγμα s IPA: [s] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Σ). Numerical value: 200 Modern Greek letter Sigma (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Sigma (minuscule) σ Σίγμα s IPA: [s] Derived from Greek cursive letter Sigma. Numerical value: 200 Modern Greek letter Sigma (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Sigma (minuscule) ς Σίγμα Used as last letter in a word. s IPA: [s] Derived from Greek cursive letter Sigma. Numerical value: 200			Modern Greek letter Tau (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Tau (majuscule) Τ Ταυ t IPA: [t] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300 Modern Greek letter Tau (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Tau (minuscule) τ Ταυ t IPA: [t] Derived from Greek cursive letter Tau. Numerical value: 300	Modern Greek letter Phi (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Phi (majuscule) Φ Φι ph IPA: [f] Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500 Modern Greek letter Phi (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Phi (minuscule) φ Φι ph IPA: [f] Likely derived from Greek cursive letter Phi. Numerical value: 500	Modern Greek letter Chi (majuscule) × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi (majuscule) Χ Χι kh IPA: [x] before [a], [o], [u]; [ç] before [e], [i] Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600 Modern Greek letter Chi (minuscule) × Hellenistic Greek letter Chi (minuscule) χ Χι kh IPA: [x] before [a], [o], [u]; [ç] before [e], [i] Likely derived from Greek cursive letter Chi. Numerical value: 600	Modern Greek letter Sampi (early) × Modern Greek letter Sampi Σαμπί "like a Pi (Π)" Derived from Byzantine Greek letter Sampi (late). Numerical value: 900								Modern Greek letter Psi (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Psi (majuscule) Ψ Ψι ps IPA: [ps] Likely derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700 Modern Greek letter Psi (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Psi (minuscule) ψ Ψι ps IPA: [ps] Likely derived from Greek cursive letter Psi. Numerical value: 700	Modern Greek letter Omega (majuscule) × Modern Greek letter Omega (majuscule) Ω Ωμέγα Big O o IPA: [o] Derived from Byzantine Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ω). Numerical value: 800 Modern Greek letter Omega (minuscule) × Modern Greek letter Omega (minuscule) ω Ωμέγα Big O o IPA: [o] Derived from Greek cursive letter Omega. Numerical value: 800
Phrygian	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 330 BCE	Phrygian letter A × Phrygian letter A a IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Phrygian letter B (variant 1) × Phrygian letter B (variant 1) b IPA:/b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Phrygian letter B (variant 2) × Phrygian letter B (variant 2) b IPA:/b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Phrygian letter G × Phrygian letter G g IPA: /g/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Phrygian letter D (variant 1) × Phrygian letter D (variant 1) d IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Phrygian letter D (variant 2) × Phrygian letter D (variant 2) IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Phrygian letter E (variant 1) × Phrygian letter E (variant 1) e IPA: /e/, /e:/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄). Phrygian letter E (variant 2) × Phrygian letter E (variant 2) e IPA: /e/, /e:/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).	Phrygian letter V × Phrygian letter V w IPA: /w/	Phrygian letter U × Phrygian letter U u IPA: /u/, /u:/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Phrygian letter Z (variant 1) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 1) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Phrygian letter Z (variant 2) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 2) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Phrygian letter Z (variant 3) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 3) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Phrygian letter Z (variant 4) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 4) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).					Phrygian letter I × Phrygian letter I i IPA: /i/, /i:/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Phrygian letter Y (variant 1) × Phrygian letter Y (variant 1) j IPA: /j/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Phrygian letter Y (variant 2) × Phrygian letter Y (variant 2) j IPA: /j/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Phrygian letter K (variant 1) × Phrygian letter K (variant 1) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 2) × Phrygian letter K (variant 2) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 3) × Phrygian letter K (variant 3) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 4) × Phrygian letter K (variant 4) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 5) × Phrygian letter K (variant 5) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Phrygian letter L × Phrygian letter L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Phrygian letter M × Phrygian letter M m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Phrygian letter N × Phrygian letter N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).					Phrygian letter O × Phrygian letter O o IPA: /o/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Phrygian letter P × Phrygian letter P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).					Phrygian letter R × Phrygian letter R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Phrygian letter S (variant 1) × Phrygian letter S (variant 1) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Phrygian letter S (variant 2) × Phrygian letter S (variant 2) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Phrygian letter S (variant 3) × Phrygian letter S (variant 3) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Phrygian letter S (variant 4) × Phrygian letter S (variant 4) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Phrygian letter T × Phrygian letter T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Proto-Rovash	Alphabet 7/6 c. BCE - 11/12 c. CE	Proto-Rovash letter Forked A × Proto-Rovash letter Forked A a IPA: /a/, /e/ Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀). Proto-Rovash letter Forked E × Proto-Rovash letter Forked E e IPA: /a/, /ɛ/, /e/ Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀). Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E × Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E e IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).					Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D × Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D d IPA: /d/, /ð/, /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D.					Proto-Rovash letter Open V × Proto-Rovash letter Open V v IPA: /β/, /b-/ Derived from Lydian letter V (𐤸). Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1) × Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1) o IPA: /o/, /u/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Waw, through Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2) × Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2) o IPA: /o/, /u/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1).				Proto-Rovash letter Forked Sz × Proto-Rovash letter Forked Sz sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz.	Proto-Rovash letter Angled Ch × Proto-Rovash letter Angled Ch ch IPA: /x/ Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Khēth (𐢊). Proto-Rovash letter Gh × Proto-Rovash letter Gh gh IPA: /ɣ/, /g/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Gh. Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ch × Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ch ch IPA: /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth (𐭧).		Proto-Rovash letter Open T × Proto-Rovash letter Open T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Carian letter Ng (𐋄). Proto-Rovash letter Central T × Proto-Rovash letter Central T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐤈). Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T × Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T z IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐤈). Proto-Rovash letter Closed T × Proto-Rovash letter Closed T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Proto-Rovash letter Angled I × Proto-Rovash letter Angled I i, ï, e IPA: /i/, /ï/, /e/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled I. Proto-Rovash letter Arched I × Proto-Rovash letter Arched I i IPA: /i/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭩). Proto-Rovash letter Closed J × Proto-Rovash letter Closed J j IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed J. Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I × Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I i IPA: /i/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Yodh.			Proto-Rovash letter Simple L × Proto-Rovash letter Simple L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh.	Proto-Rovash letter Open M × Proto-Rovash letter Open M m IPA: /m/ Derived from Lydian letter M (𐤪). Proto-Rovash letter Round M × Proto-Rovash letter Round M m IPA: /m/ Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma (𐨨).	Proto-Rovash letter Forked N × Proto-Rovash letter Forked N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Aramaic letter Nun (𐤍). Proto-Rovash letter N × Proto-Rovash letter N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter N.			Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended Sh × Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended Sh sh IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Semkath (𐢖).					Proto-Rovash letter Cs × Proto-Rovash letter Cs cs IPA: /t͡ʃ/, /*s/ Derived from Late Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Proto-Rovash letter Closed Q × Proto-Rovash letter Closed Q q IPA: /q/ Derived from Lycian letter K (𐊔). Proto-Rovash letter Arched K × Proto-Rovash letter Arched K k IPA: /k/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched K, through Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw (𐭒).	Proto-Rovash letter Sharp R × Proto-Rovash letter Sharp R r IPA: /r/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Resh, through Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Proto-Rovash letter Arched R × Proto-Rovash letter Arched R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).	Proto-Rovash letter Zs × Proto-Rovash letter Zs zs IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Zs.			Proto-Rovash letter Arched D × Proto-Rovash letter Arched D d IPA: /d/, /di/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw (𐭕).	Proto-Rovash letter Central F × Proto-Rovash letter Central F f IPA: /f/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Phi (Φ).
Carpathian Basin Rovash	Alphabet 7 c. CE - 11/12 c. CE	Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked A × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked A a IPA: /a/, /ɛ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked A. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked E × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked E e IPA: /a/, /ɛ/, /e/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked E. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E e IPA: /a/, /ɛ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue ue IPA: /y/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ue.			Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G g IPA: /g/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked G.		Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp D × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp D d IPA: /d/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D.			Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch ch IPA: /x/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp Ch.		Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O o IPA: /u/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V v IPA: /β/, /v/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open V. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Triple O × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Triple O o IPA: /ɔ̃/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Big Yus (Ѫ).				Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sz.	Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh gh IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Gh.		Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Opened T × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Opened T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Opened T. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed T × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed T.		Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I i IPA: /i/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Angled I. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched I × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched I i IPA: /i/, /ǐ/, /ï/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched I. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I i IPA: /i/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed J × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed J j IPA: /j, /i/̯, /ʎ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed J.		Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K k IPA: /k/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open K.	Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple L × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple L. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L l IPA: /l/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked L.	Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open M × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open M m IPA: /m/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open M.	Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp N × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked N. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter N × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter N n IPA: /n/, /ɲ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter N. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ng × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ng ng IPA: /ŋ/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Ng.			Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z z IPA: /z/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open Z. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed R × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed R.				Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple P × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple P. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P p IPA: /f/, /p/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked P.	Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs cs IPA: /*t͡ʃ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Cs.			Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched K × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched K k IPA: /k/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched K. Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Q × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Q q IPA: /q/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Q.		Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S × Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S s IPA: /ʃ/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed S.
Aethicus’ Alphabet	Alphabet 7/8 c. CE	Aethicus’ letter Alamoy × Aethicus’ letter Alamoy a IPA: /a/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E. Aethicus’ letter Inthalech × Aethicus’ letter Inthalech i IPA: /y/, /*ø/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue.			Aethicus’ letter Garphoy × Aethicus’ letter Garphoy g IPA: /g/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G.		Aethicus’ letter Delfoy × Aethicus’ letter Delfoy d IPA: /d/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter T.			Aethicus’ letter Hethmy × Aethicus’ letter Hethmy h IPA: /x/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch.		Aethicus’ letter Fomethy × Aethicus’ letter Fomethy f IPA: /β/, /v/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V. Aethicus’ letter Ozechy × Aethicus’ letter Ozechy o IPA: /o/, /u/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O.				Aethicus’ letter Azatoth p(ro) r × Aethicus’ letter Azatoth p(ro) r the glyph of the /s/ [or /z/] is used for /r/ s, r IPA: /s/, /r/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz.	Aethicus’ letter Effothy × Aethicus’ letter Effothy gh IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh.		Aethicus’ letter Thotimos × Aethicus’ letter Thotimos t IPA: /t/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp T.		Aethicus’ letter Irchoni × Aethicus’ letter Irchoni i IPA: /i/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I. Aethicus’ letter Iofithy × Aethicus’ letter Iofithy j IPA: /j/, /ʎ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ly.		Aethicus’ letter Kaithy × Aethicus’ letter Kaithy k IPA: /k/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K.	Aethicus’ letter Lethy × Aethicus’ letter Lethy l IPA: /l/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L.					Aethicus’ letter Zotichin × Aethicus’ letter Zotichin z IPA: /z/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z.				Aethicus’ letter Pithirin × Aethicus’ letter Pithirin p IPA: /f-/, /p/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P.	Aethicus’ letter Cathy × Aethicus’ letter Cathy cs IPA: /*t͡ʃ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs.			Aethicus’ letter Chorizech × Aethicus’ letter Chorizech q IPA: /q/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Q.		Aethicus’ letter Salathy × Aethicus’ letter Salathy s IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S.
Szekely-Hungarian Rovash	Alphabet 9 c. CE - Present	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Closed E × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Closed E e IPA: /e/, /eː/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed E. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Oe × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Oe 𐲜 oe IPA: /ø/, /øː/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed E. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Aa × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Aa 𐲁 aa IPA: /aː/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked E. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter E × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter E 𐲉 e IPA: /ɛ/, historically also /e/, /eː/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E.			Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter G × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter G 𐲍 g IPA: /g/, /d͡ʒ^?j/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Gy × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Gy 𐲎 gy IPA: /d͡ʒ^?j/, /ɟ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple G.		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter T × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter T 𐲦 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter T.					Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Open V × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Open V v IPA: /β/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Circle-ended O × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Circle-ended O o IPA: /o/ Derived from Glagolitic letter On (Ⱁ). Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter O × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter O 𐲛 o IPA: /o/, /u/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O.				Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sz × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sz 𐲥 sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Simple R × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Simple R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter V × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter V 𐲮 v IPA: /v/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter V. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Gh × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Gh gh IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh.		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter F × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter F 𐲌 f IPA: /f/ Derived from Greek cursive letter Theta (majuscule) (Θ). Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Diagonal F × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Diagonal F f IPA: /f/ Derived from Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ). Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sharp Ty × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sharp Ty ty IPA: /c/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp T. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Forked Ty × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Forked Ty 𐲨 ty IPA: /c/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ty.		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter J × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter J 𐲒 j IPA: /j/, historically also /i/, /iː/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ly × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ly ly IPA: /j/, /ʎ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ly.		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Open K × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Open K 𐲔 k IPA: /k/, /ɒk/, /aːk/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter L × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter L 𐲖 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter M × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter M 𐲘 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open M.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter N × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter N 𐲙 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter N.			Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Z × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Z 𐲯 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter S × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter S 𐲤 s IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter S.				Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter P × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter P 𐲠 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Cs × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Cs 𐲆 cs IPA: /t͡ʃ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs.			Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter K × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter K 𐲓 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed Q. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sharp K × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sharp K k IPA: /k/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp K. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ch × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ch ch IPA: /x/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled Q.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter R × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter R 𐲢 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter R.	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Zs × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Zs 𐲰 zs IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Zs. Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Us × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Us us IPA: /uʃ/ Derived from Glagolitic letter Zhivete (Ⰶ).			Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter C × Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter C 𐲄 c IPA: /t͡s/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter C.
Rounded Glagolitic	Alphabet 862/3 CE - 12 c. CE	Rounded Glagolitic letter Azъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Azъ Ⰰ Ⰰⰸⱏ I (1st person pronoun) a IPA: /ɑ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Alef (א). Numerical value: 1 Rounded Glagolitic letter Jatь × Rounded Glagolitic letter Jatь Ⱑ Ⱑⱅⱐ ja IPA: /æ/, /jɑ/ Likely derived from epigraphic Greek letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 4000 Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь × Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь Ⱐ ⰠⰓⱐ i IPA: /ĭ/, /ɪ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue. Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerъ Ⱏ ⰟⰓⱏ u IPA: /ŭ/, /ʊ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue. Numerical value: 3000 Rounded Glagolitic letter Jestъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Jestъ Ⰵ Ⰵⱄⱅⱏ is/exists e IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E, or possibly from Samaritan letter Īy (ࠄ), or possibly from Archaic Greek letter Sampi (ϡ). Numerical value: 6			Rounded Glagolitic letter Glagoli × Rounded Glagolitic letter Glagoli Ⰳ Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰻ speak (past or imperative) g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple G, or possibly from cursive Greek letter Gamma (minuscule) (γ). Numerical value: 4		Rounded Glagolitic letter Dobro × Rounded Glagolitic letter Dobro Ⰴ Ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱁ kindness/good/well d IPA: /d/ Derived from Greek letter Delta (majuscule) (Δ). Numerical value: 5			Rounded Glagolitic letter Esь × Rounded Glagolitic letter Esь Ⱔ Ⱔⱄⱐ e IPA: /ɛ̃/ Derived from Greek letter Epsilon (minuscule) (ε). Numerical value: 9000 Rounded Glagolitic letter Xěrъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Xěrъ Ⱈ Ⱈⱑⱃⱏ x IPA: /x/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch. Numerical value: 600		Rounded Glagolitic letter Onъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Onъ Ⱁ Ⱁⱀⱏ he, that o IPA: /ɔ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O. Numerical value: 80 Rounded Glagolitic letter Otъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Otъ Ⱉ Ⱉⱅⱏ from o IPA: /ɔ/ Ligature of Glagolitic letter Onъ (Ⱁ) and its mirror image. Numerical value: 700	Rounded Glagolitic letter Vědě × Rounded Glagolitic letter Vědě Ⰲ Ⰲⱑⰴⱑ (you/he/she/it) knew v IPA: /ʋ/ Likely derived from Latin letter V. Numerical value: 3			Rounded Glagolitic letter Slovo × Rounded Glagolitic letter Slovo Ⱄ Ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ word/speech s IPA: /s/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz. Numerical value: 200			Rounded Glagolitic letter Thita × Rounded Glagolitic letter Thita Ⱚ Ⱚⰹⱅⰰ th IPA: /θ/ Derived from Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ). Rounded Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo × Rounded Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo Ⱅ Ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱁ solid/hard/surely t IPA: /t/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed T, or perhaps from the crossbar of cursive Derived from Greek letter Tau (minuscule) (τ). Numerical value: 300		Rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 1) × Rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 1) Ⰹ Ⰹⰶⰵ which is/the i IPA: /i/, /j/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I, or possibly from Derived from Greek letter Iota (minuscule) with dieresis (ϊ). Numerical value: 10 Rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 2) × Rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 2) Ⰺ Ⰹⰶⰵ which is/the i IPA: /i/, /j/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I, or possibly from Derived from Greek letter Iota (minuscule) with dieresis (ϊ). Numerical value: 10 Rounded Glagolitic letter I/Ižei × Rounded Glagolitic letter I/Ižei Ⰻ Ⰹ/Ⰹⰶⰵⰹ which is/the i IPA: /i/, /j/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I. Numerical value: 20 Rounded Glagolitic letter Ju × Rounded Glagolitic letter Ju Ⱓ Ⱓ yu IPA: /ju/ Derived from Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ly. Numerical value: 5000		Rounded Glagolitic letter Kako × Rounded Glagolitic letter Kako Ⰽ Ⰽⰰⰽⱁ how/as k IPA: /k/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K or from Hebrew letter Qof (ק). Numerical value: 40	Rounded Glagolitic letter Ljudie × Rounded Glagolitic letter Ljudie Ⰾ Ⰾⱓⰴⰹⰵ people l IPA: /l/, /ʎ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple L or possibly from cursive Greek letter Lambda (minuscule) (λ). Numerical value: 50	Rounded Glagolitic letter Myslite × Rounded Glagolitic letter Myslite Ⰿ Ⰿⱏⰹⱄⰾⰹⱅⰵ think (2nd plural) m IPA: /m/ Derived from cursive Derived from Greek letter Mu (minuscule) (μ). Numerical value: 60	Rounded Glagolitic letter Našь × Rounded Glagolitic letter Našь Ⱀ Ⱀⰰⱋⱐ ours n IPA: /n/, /ɲ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp N. Numerical value: 70			Rounded Glagolitic letter Zemlja × Rounded Glagolitic letter Zemlja Ⰸ Ⰸⰵⰿⰾⰰ Earth/ground z IPA: /z/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z or possibly from a variant of Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ). Numerical value: 9 Rounded Glagolitic letter Ci × Rounded Glagolitic letter Ci Ⱌ Ⱌⰹ ts IPA: /t͡s/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter S or from Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) (ץ). Numerical value: 900				Rounded Glagolitic letter Pokoj × Rounded Glagolitic letter Pokoj Ⱂ Ⱂⱁⰽⱁⰹ calmness/peace p IPA: /p/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple P or possibly from variant of Archaic Greek letter Pi (majuscule). Numerical value: 90	Rounded Glagolitic letter Črьvъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Črьvъ Ⱍ Ⱍⱃⱐⰲⱏ worm ch IPA: /t͡ʃ/ Derived from Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Cs (𐲆). Numerical value: 1000				Rounded Glagolitic letter Rьci × Rounded Glagolitic letter Rьci Ⱃ Ⱃⱐⱌⰹ speak!/pronounce! r IPA: /r/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter R. Numerical value: 100	Rounded Glagolitic letter Živěte × Rounded Glagolitic letter Živěte Ⰶ Ⰶⰹⰲⱑⱅⰵ life/live (2nd plural imperative) zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S. Numerical value: 7 Rounded Glagolitic letter Ša × Rounded Glagolitic letter Ša Ⱎ Ⱎⰰ silence/quiet sh IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Shin (ש). Numerical value: 2000				Rounded Glagolitic letter Frьtъ × Rounded Glagolitic letter Frьtъ Ⱇ Ⱇⱃⱐⱅⱏ f IPA: /f/ Derived from a variant of Greek letter Phi (majuscule) (Φ). Numerical value: 500
Angular Glagolitic	Alphabet 12 - 16 c. CE	Angular Glagolitic letter Azъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Azъ Ⰰ Ⰰⰸⱏ I (1st person pronoun) a IPA: /ɑ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Azъ (Ⰰ). Numerical value: 1 Angular Glagolitic letter Jatь × Angular Glagolitic letter Jatь Ⱑ Ⱑⱅⱐ ja IPA: /æ/, /jɑ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Jatь (Ⰰ). Numerical value: 4000 Angular Glagolitic letter Jerь × Angular Glagolitic letter Jerь Ⱐ ⰠⰓⱐ i IPA: /ĭ/, /ɪ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь (Ⱐ). Angular Glagolitic letter Jerъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Jerъ Ⱏ ⰟⰓⱏ u IPA: /ŭ/, /ʊ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь (Ⱏ). Numerical value: 3000 Angular Glagolitic letter Jestъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Jestъ Ⰵ Ⰵⱄⱅⱏ is/exists e IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Jestъ (Ⰵ). Numerical value: 6			Angular Glagolitic letter Glagoli × Angular Glagolitic letter Glagoli Ⰳ Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰻ speak (past or imperative) g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Glagoli (Ⰳ). Numerical value: 4		Angular Glagolitic letter Dobro × Angular Glagolitic letter Dobro Ⰴ Ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱁ kindness/good/well d IPA: /d/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Dobro (Ⰴ). Numerical value: 5			Angular Glagolitic letter Esь × Angular Glagolitic letter Esь Ⱔ Ⱔⱄⱐ e IPA: /ɛ̃/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Esь (Ⱔ). Numerical value: 9000 Angular Glagolitic letter Xěrъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Xěrъ Ⱈ Ⱈⱑⱃⱏ x IPA: /x/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Xěrъ (Ⱈ). Numerical value: 600		Angular Glagolitic letter Onъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Onъ Ⱁ Ⱁⱀⱏ he, that o IPA: /ɔ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Onъ (Ⱁ). Numerical value: 80 Angular Glagolitic letter Otъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Otъ Ⱉ Ⱉⱅⱏ from o IPA: /ɔ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Otъ (Ⱉ). Numerical value: 700	Angular Glagolitic letter Vědě × Angular Glagolitic letter Vědě Ⰲ Ⰲⱑⰴⱑ (you/he/she/it) knew v IPA: /ʋ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Vědě (Ⰲ). Numerical value: 3			Angular Glagolitic letter Slovo × Angular Glagolitic letter Slovo Ⱄ Ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ word/speech s IPA: /s/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Slovo (Ⱄ). Numerical value: 200			Angular Glagolitic letter Thita × Angular Glagolitic letter Thita Ⱚ Ⱚⰹⱅⰰ th IPA: /θ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Thita (Ⱚ). Angular Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo × Angular Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo Ⱅ Ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱁ solid/hard/surely t IPA: /t/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo (Ⱅ). Numerical value: 300		Angular Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 1) × Angular Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 1) Ⰹ Ⰹⰶⰵ which is/the i IPA: /i/, /j/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 1) (Ⰹ). Numerical value: 10 Angular Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 2) × Angular Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 2) Ⰺ Ⰹⰶⰵ which is/the i IPA: /i/, /j/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 2) (Ⰺ). Numerical value: 10 Angular Glagolitic letter I/Ižei × Angular Glagolitic letter I/Ižei Ⰻ Ⰹ/Ⰹⰶⰵⰹ which is/the i IPA: /i/, /j/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter I/Ižei (Ⰻ). Numerical value: 20 Angular Glagolitic letter Ju × Angular Glagolitic letter Ju Ⱓ Ⱓ yu IPA: /ju/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Ju (Ⱓ). Numerical value: 5000		Angular Glagolitic letter Kako × Angular Glagolitic letter Kako Ⰽ Ⰽⰰⰽⱁ how/as k IPA: /k/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Kako (Ⰽ). Numerical value: 40	Angular Glagolitic letter Ljudie × Angular Glagolitic letter Ljudie Ⰾ Ⰾⱓⰴⰹⰵ people l IPA: /l/, /ʎ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Ljudie (Ⰾ). Numerical value: 50	Angular Glagolitic letter Myslite × Angular Glagolitic letter Myslite Ⰿ Ⰿⱏⰹⱄⰾⰹⱅⰵ think (2nd plural) m IPA: /m/ Derived from Latin letter M (minuscule) (m) or from Early Cyrillic letter M (minuscule) (м). Numerical value: 60	Angular Glagolitic letter Našь × Angular Glagolitic letter Našь Ⱀ Ⱀⰰⱋⱐ ours n IPA: /n/, /ɲ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Našь (Ⱀ). Numerical value: 70			Angular Glagolitic letter Zemlja × Angular Glagolitic letter Zemlja Ⰸ Ⰸⰵⰿⰾⰰ Earth/ground z IPA: /z/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Zemlja (Ⰸ). Numerical value: 9 Angular Glagolitic letter Ci × Angular Glagolitic letter Ci Ⱌ Ⱌⰹ ts IPA: /t͡s/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Ci (Ⱌ). Numerical value: 900				Angular Glagolitic letter Pokoj × Angular Glagolitic letter Pokoj Ⱂ Ⱂⱁⰽⱁⰹ calmness/peace p IPA: /p/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Pokoj (Ⱂ). Numerical value: 90	Angular Glagolitic letter Črьvъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Črьvъ Ⱍ Ⱍⱃⱐⰲⱏ worm ch IPA: /t͡ʃ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Črьvъ (Ⱍ). Numerical value: 1000				Angular Glagolitic letter Rьci × Angular Glagolitic letter Rьci Ⱃ Ⱃⱐⱌⰹ speak!/pronounce! r IPA: /r/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Rьci (Ⱃ). Numerical value: 100	Angular Glagolitic letter Živěte × Angular Glagolitic letter Živěte Ⰶ Ⰶⰹⰲⱑⱅⰵ life/live (2nd plural imperative) zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Živěte (Ⰶ). Numerical value: 7 Angular Glagolitic letter Ša × Angular Glagolitic letter Ša Ⱎ Ⱎⰰ silence/quiet sh IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Ša (Ⱎ). Numerical value: 2000				Angular Glagolitic letter Frьtъ × Angular Glagolitic letter Frьtъ Ⱇ Ⱇⱃⱐⱅⱏ life/live (2nd plural imperative) f IPA: /f/ Derived from rounded Glagolitic letter Frьtъ (Ⱇ). Numerical value: 500
Steppean Rovash	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 10 c. CE	Steppean Rovash letter Closed E × Steppean Rovash letter Closed E e IPA: /e/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter E. Steppean Rovash letter Forked A × Steppean Rovash letter Forked A a IPA: /a/, /ɛ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked A. Steppean Rovash letter Arched E × Steppean Rovash letter Arched E e IPA: /a/, /aː/, /ɛ/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched E. Steppean Rovash letter Arched Ue × Steppean Rovash letter Arched Ue ue IPA: /ø/, /y/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ue. Steppean Rovash letter Triple E × Steppean Rovash letter Triple E e IPA: /ɛ/, /e/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E.	Steppean Rovash letter Arched B × Steppean Rovash letter Arched B b IPA: /b/, /β/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Beth.				Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D × Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D d IPA: /ð/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D.			Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Ch × Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Ch ch IPA: /h/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp Ch. Steppean Rovash letter Forked Ch × Steppean Rovash letter Forked Ch ch IPA: /x/ Supposedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter He.		Steppean Rovash letter Open V × Steppean Rovash letter Open V v IPA: /β/, /b/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open V. Steppean Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1) × Steppean Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1) o IPA: /o/, /u/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O. Steppean Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2) × Steppean Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2) o IPA: /o/, /u/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O.				Steppean Rovash letter Sz × Steppean Rovash letter Sz sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sz. Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz × Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz sz IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sz.	Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Ue × Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Ue ue IPA: /øː/, /*y/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp Ue. Steppean Rovash letter Gh × Steppean Rovash letter Gh gh IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Gh.		Steppean Rovash letter Open T (variant 1) × Steppean Rovash letter Open T (variant 1) t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open T. Steppean Rovash letter Open T (variant 2) × Steppean Rovash letter Open T (variant 2) t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open T. Steppean Rovash letter Sharp T × Steppean Rovash letter Sharp T t IPA: /z/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T. Steppean Rovash letter Arched T × Steppean Rovash letter Arched T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched T.		Steppean Rovash letter Angled I × Steppean Rovash letter Angled I i IPA: /i/, /e/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Angled I. Steppean Rovash letter Arched I × Steppean Rovash letter Arched I i IPA: /i/, /ï/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched I. Steppean Rovash letter Closed J × Steppean Rovash letter Closed J j IPA: /j/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed J. Steppean Rovash letter Circle-ended I × Steppean Rovash letter Circle-ended I i IPA: /i/, /ï/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I.		Steppean Rovash letter Forked K × Steppean Rovash letter Forked K k IPA: /k/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked K.	Steppean Rovash letter Arched L × Steppean Rovash letter Arched L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (𐢑). Steppean Rovash letter Simple L × Steppean Rovash letter Simple L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple L. Steppean Rovash letter Lt × Steppean Rovash letter Lt l IPA: /l/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Lt.	Steppean Rovash letter Open M × Steppean Rovash letter Open M m IPA: /m/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open M.	Steppean Rovash letter Forked N × Steppean Rovash letter Forked N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked N. Steppean Rovash letter N × Steppean Rovash letter N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter N. Steppean Rovash letter Ng × Steppean Rovash letter Ng ng IPA: /ŋ/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Ng. Steppean Rovash letter Angled N × Steppean Rovash letter Angled N n IPA: /n/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled N.			Steppean Rovash letter Closed R × Steppean Rovash letter Closed R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed R.				Steppean Rovash letter Simple P × Steppean Rovash letter Simple P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple P. Steppean Rovash letter Forked P × Steppean Rovash letter Forked P p IPA: /p/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked P.	Steppean Rovash letter Cs × Steppean Rovash letter Cs cs IPA: IPA: /t͡ʃ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Cs.			Steppean Rovash letter Closed Q × Steppean Rovash letter Closed Q q IPA: /q/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed Q. Steppean Rovash letter Open Q × Steppean Rovash letter Open Q q IPA: /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Qoph (𐭒). Steppean Rovash letter Closed G × Steppean Rovash letter Closed G g IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed G. Steppean Rovash letter Arched Q × Steppean Rovash letter Arched Q q IPA: /q/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Q. Steppean Rovash letter Angled Q × Steppean Rovash letter Angled Q q IPA: /*q/, /uq/ Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Angled Q.	Steppean Rovash letter Sharp R × Steppean Rovash letter Sharp R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp R. Steppean Rovash letter Arched R × Steppean Rovash letter Arched R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched R.	Steppean Rovash letter Zs × Steppean Rovash letter Zs zs IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Zs. Steppean Rovash letter Arched Sh × Steppean Rovash letter Arched Sh sh IPA: /ʃ/ Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched Sh.			Steppean Rovash letter Forked T × Steppean Rovash letter Forked T t IPA: /*t/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked T. Steppean Rovash letter Arched D × Steppean Rovash letter Arched D d IPA: /d/, /ð/, /dʒ/ Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched D.
*Hypothetical Original Paleohispanic script*	Semi-syllabary ??? - ???
*Hypothetical Original Southern Paleohispanic script*	Semi-syllabary ??? - ???
Southwestern Paleohispanic	Semi-syllabary ?7 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter A × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀). Southwestern Paleohispanic letter O × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter O o Likely derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(e) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(e) p(e) Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(a) k(a) Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(u) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(u) t(u) Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(a) p(a) Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter U × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter U u Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).					Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 1) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 1) ?h Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇). Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 2) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 2) ?h Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(i) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(i) t(i) Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter I × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(e) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(e) k(e) Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter L × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter M × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter M m Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter N × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Southwestern Paleohispanic letter S × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter S s Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter E × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter E e Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(o) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(o) p(o) Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).				Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(i) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(i) k(i) Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter R × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter R r Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter Ś × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(a) t(a) Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Southeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 4 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Southeastern Iberian letter A × Southeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀). Southeastern Iberian letter O × Southeastern Iberian letter O o Likely derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Southeastern Iberian letter Ba × Southeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Southeastern Iberian letter Be × Southeastern Iberian letter Be be< Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).		Southeastern Iberian letter U × Southeastern Iberian letter U u Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).							Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti × Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti di/ti Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Southeastern Iberian letter I × Southeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Southeastern Iberian letter L × Southeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).		Southeastern Iberian letter N × Southeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Southeastern Iberian letter S × Southeastern Iberian letter S s Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Southeastern Iberian letter E × Southeastern Iberian letter E e Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Southeastern Iberian letter Bu × Southeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).				Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Southeastern Iberian letter Ś × Southeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
*Hypothetical Original Northeastern Iberian script*	Semi-syllabary ??? - ???
Dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga ga Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka ka Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du du Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu tu Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).												Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te te Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De de Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi gi Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki ki Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge ge Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke ke Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).							Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).					Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da da Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta ta Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba. Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du.												Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ke Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.							Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.					Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś.			Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da.
Dual Western Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Western Celtiberian letter A × Dual Western Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga ga Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du du Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu.												Dual Western Celtiberian letter De × Dual Western Celtiberian letter De de Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter I × Dual Western Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi gi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge ge Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke ke Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter L × Dual Western Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter N × Dual Western Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.							Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.					Dual Western Celtiberian letter R × Dual Western Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter S × Dual Western Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S.			Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da da Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta.
Non-dual Western Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter A × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter A.	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi. Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu.												Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter I × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter I. Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge.	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter L × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter L.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter N × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter N.							Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu.					Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter R × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter R.	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter S × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter S.			Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da.
Dual Eastern Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga ga Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du du Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu.												Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De de Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi gi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge ge Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke ke Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.							Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.					Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S.			Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da da Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta.
Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A.	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi. Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du.												Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I. Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke.	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N.							Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu.					Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R.	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S.			Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da.
Sidetic	Alphabet ?5 c. - ?3 c. BCE											Sidetic letter U × Sidetic letter U u IPA: /u/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).							Sidetic letter Θ (variant 1) × Sidetic letter Θ (variant 1) θ IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Sidetic letter Θ (variant 2) × Sidetic letter Θ (variant 2) θ IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Sidetic letter I (variant 1) × Sidetic letter I (variant 1) i IPA: /i/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Sidetic letter I (variant 2) × Sidetic letter I (variant 2) i IPA: /i/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).										Sidetic letter O (variant 1) × Sidetic letter O (variant 1) o IPA: /o/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏). Sidetic letter O (variant 2) × Sidetic letter O (variant 2) o IPA: /o/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Sidetic letter P × Sidetic letter P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Sidetic letter S (variant 1) × Sidetic letter S (variant 1) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑). Sidetic letter S (variant 2) × Sidetic letter S (variant 2) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).
Neo-Punic	Abjad ?4 c. BCE - ???	Neo-Punic letter ʾālep × Neo-Punic letter ʾālep ʾ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Neo-Punic letter Bēt × Neo-Punic letter Bēt b Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Neo-Punic letter Gīml × Neo-Punic letter Gīml g Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Neo-Punic letter Dālet × Neo-Punic letter Dālet d Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Neo-Punic letter He × Neo-Punic letter He h Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).		Neo-Punic letter Wāw × Neo-Punic letter Wāw w Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Neo-Punic letter Zajin/Zayin × Neo-Punic letter Zajin/Zayin z Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Neo-Punic letter Hēt × Neo-Punic letter Hēt ḥ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Neo-Punic letter Ṭēt × Neo-Punic letter Ṭēt ṭ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Neo-Punic letter Yod × Neo-Punic letter Yod j Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Neo-Punic letter Kāp × Neo-Punic letter Kāp k Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Neo-Punic letter Lāmed × Neo-Punic letter Lāmed l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Neo-Punic letter Mēm × Neo-Punic letter Mēm m Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Neo-Punic letter Nūn × Neo-Punic letter Nūn n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Neo-Punic letter Śāmek × Neo-Punic letter Śāmek s Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Neo-Punic letter ʿayin × Neo-Punic letter ʿayin ʿ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Neo-Punic letter Pē × Neo-Punic letter Pē p Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Neo-Punic letter Ṩādē × Neo-Punic letter Ṩādē ṣ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Neo-Punic letter Qōp × Neo-Punic letter Qōp q Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Neo-Punic letter Rēs/Resh × Neo-Punic letter Rēs/Resh r Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Neo-Punic letter Šīn × Neo-Punic letter Šīn š Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).			Neo-Punic letter Tāw × Neo-Punic letter Tāw t Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Libyco-Berber	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 7 c. CE		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) b Derived from Libyco-Berber letter B. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) b Derived from Libyco-Berber letter B.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag g Derived from Libyco-Berber letter G.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) d Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) ⴷ d Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) d Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D.									Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj ⵊ j Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz ⵌ zh Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Z. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) ż Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ż. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) ż Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ż.			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ ⴺ ḍ Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi ⵉ y Derived from Libyco-Berber letter I.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak k Derived from Libyco-Berber letter K.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal l Derived from Libyco-Berber letter L.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam m Derived from Libyco-Berber letter M.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan ⵏ n Derived from Libyco-Berber letter N.			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) s Derived from Libyco-Berber letter S. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) ⵙ s Derived from Libyco-Berber letter S.				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) f Derived from Libyco-Berber letter F. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) f Derived from Libyco-Berber letter F.				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq q Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Q.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) r Derived from Libyco-Berber letter R. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) ⵔ r Derived from Libyco-Berber letter R.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac š Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Š.			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat ⵜ t Derived from Libyco-Berber letter T. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ t₁ Derived from Libyco-Berber letter T.
Tuareg Tifinagh	Abjad ??? - Present		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) b Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) ⴱ b		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag g		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) d Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) ⴷ d Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) d									Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj ⵊ j Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz ⵌ zh Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) ż Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) ż			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ ⴺ ḍ		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi ⵉ y		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak k	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal l	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam m	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan ⵏ n			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) s Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) ⵙ s				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) f Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) f				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq q	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) r Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) ⵔ r	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac š			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat ⵜ t Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ t₁
Neo-Tifinagh	Alphabet 1980 CE - Present		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yab × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yab ⴱ b IPA: [b] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (ⴱ).		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yag × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yag ⴳ g IPA: [g] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag.		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yad × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yad ⴷ d IPA: [d] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (ⴷ).									Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaj × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaj ⵊ j IPA: [ʒ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj (ⵊ). Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaz × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaz ⵣ z IPA: [z] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż. Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaẓ × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaẓ ⵥ ẓ IPA: [zˤ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż.			Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaḍ × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaḍ ⵃ ḍ IPA: [dˤ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ (ⴺ).		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yay × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yay ⵢ i IPA: [j] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi (ⵉ).		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yak × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yak ⴽ k IPA: [k] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yal × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yal ⵍ l IPA: [l] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yam × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yam ⵎ m IPA: [m] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yan × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yan ⵏ n IPA: [n] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan (ⵏ).			Neo-Tifinagh letter Yas × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yas ⵙ s IPA: [s] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (ⵙ).				Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaf × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaf ⴼ f IPA: [f] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf.				Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaq × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaq ⵇ q IPA: [q] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yar × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yar ⵔ r IPA: [r] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (ⵔ).	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaš (Yac) × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaš (Yac) ⵛ sh, c (š) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac.			Neo-Tifinagh letter Yat × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yat ⵜ t IPA: [t] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat (ⵜ). Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaṭ × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaṭ ⵟ ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁.
Ancient South Arabian	Abjad 9 c. BCE - 7 c. CE	Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant) 𐩱 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule) 𐩱 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.	Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant) 𐩨 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule) 𐩨 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant) 𐩴 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule) 𐩴 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant) 𐩵 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule) 𐩵 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.		Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant) 𐩳 ḍ IPA: [ɬˤ] Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule) 𐩳 ḍ IPA: [ɬˤ]	Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant) 𐩠 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule) 𐩠 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.		Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant) 𐩥 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule) 𐩥 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant) 𐩸 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule) 𐩸 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant) 𐩢 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule) 𐩢 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.	Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant) 𐩭 ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule) 𐩭 ḫ IPA: [x]	Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant) 𐩷 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule) 𐩷 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.		Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant) 𐩺 𐩺 IPA: [j], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule) 𐩺 𐩺 IPA: [j], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant) 𐩫 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule) 𐩫 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant) 𐩡 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule) 𐩡 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant) 𐩣 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule) 𐩣 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant) 𐩬 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule) 𐩬 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant) 𐩯 s³ (s) IPA: [s̪] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule) 𐩯 s³ (s) IPA: [s̪] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.	Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant) 𐩪 s¹ (š) IPA: [s] Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule) 𐩪 s¹ (š) IPA: [s]	Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant) 𐩲 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule) 𐩲 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant) 𐩶 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule) 𐩶 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant) 𐩰 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule) 𐩰 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant) 𐩮 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule) 𐩮 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant) 𐩤 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule) 𐩤 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant) 𐩧 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule) 𐩧 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant) 𐩦 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule) 𐩦 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.			Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant) 𐩩 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule) 𐩩 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Ge’ez	Abugida 5-6 c. BCE - Present	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) አ ʔä IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (𐩱).	Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) በ bä IPA: [bə] or [ba] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (𐩨).		Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) ገ gä IPA: [gə] or [ga] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (𐩴).		× Ge'ez letter Dänt (dä) ደ dä IPA: [də] or [da] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (𐩵).		Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) ፀ ṣ́ä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (𐩳).	Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) ሀ hä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter He (𐩠).		Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) ወ wä IPA: [wə] or [wa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (𐩥).				Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) ዘ zä IPA: [zə] or [za] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (𐩸).	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) ሐ ḥä IPA: [ħə] or [ħa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (𐩢).	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) ኀ ḫä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (𐩭).	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) ጠ ṭä IPA: [tʼə] or [tʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (𐩷).		Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) የ yä IPA: [yə] or [ya] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (𐩺).		Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) ከ kä IPA: [kə] or [ka] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (𐩫).	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) ለ lä IPA: [lə] or [la] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (𐩡).	Ge'ez letter May (mä) × Ge'ez letter May (mä) መ ma IPA: [mə] or [ma] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (𐩣).	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) ነ nä IPA: [nə] or [na] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (𐩬).				Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) ሰ sä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (𐩪).	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) ዐ ʽä IPA: [ʕə] or [ʕa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (𐩲).		Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) ፈ fä IPA: [fə] or [fa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (𐩰).	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) ጸ ṣä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (𐩮).			Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) ቀ ḳä IPA: [kʼə] or [kʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (𐩤).	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) ረ rä IPA: [rə] or [ra] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (𐩧).	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) ሠ śä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (𐩦).			Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) ተ tä IPA: [tə] or [ta] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (𐩩).
Ancient North Arabian	Abjad 8 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Dadantic variant) 𐪑 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Safaitic variant) ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Taymanitic variant) ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Hismaic variant) ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.	Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Dadantic variant) 𐪈 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Safaitic variant) b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Taymanitic variant) b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Hismaic variant) b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Dadantic variant) 𐪔 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Safaitic variant) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Taymanitic variant) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Hismaic variant) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Dadantic variant) 𐪕 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Safaitic variant) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Taymanitic variant) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Hismaic variant) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.	Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Dadantic variant) 𐪙 ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Safaitic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Hismaic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð]	Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Dadantic variant) 𐪓 ḍ IPA: [dˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Safaitic variant) ḍ IPA: [dˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Hismaic variant) ḍ IPA: [dˤ]	Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Dadantic variant) 𐪀 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Safaitic variant) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Taymanitic variant) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Hismaic variant) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.		Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Dadantic variant) 𐪅 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Safaitic variant) w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Taymanitic variant) w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Hismaic variant) w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Dadantic variant) 𐪘 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Safaitic variant) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Taymanitic variant) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Hismaic variant) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Dadantic variant) 𐪂 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Safaitic variant) ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Taymanitic variant) ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Hismaic variant) ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.	Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Dadantic variant) 𐪍 ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Safaitic variant) ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Taymanitic variant) ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Hismaic variant) ḫ IPA: [x]	Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Dadantic variant) 𐪗 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Safaitic variant) ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Taymanitic variant) ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Hismaic variant) ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.	Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Dadantic variant) 𐪜 ẓ IPA: [θˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Safaitic variant) ẓ IPA: [θˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Taymanitic variant) ẓ IPA: [θˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Hismaic variant) ẓ IPA: [θˤ]	Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Dadantic variant) 𐪚 y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Safaitic variant) y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Taymanitic variant) y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Hismaic variant) y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Dadantic variant) 𐪋 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Safaitic variant) k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Taymanitic variant) k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Hismaic variant) k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Dadantic variant) 𐪁 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Safaitic variant) l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Taymanitic variant) l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Hismaic variant) l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Dadantic variant) 𐪃 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Safaitic variant) m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Taymanitic variant) m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Hismaic variant) m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Dadantic variant) 𐪌 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Safaitic variant) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Taymanitic variant) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Hismaic variant) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Dadantic variant) 𐪏 s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Safaitic variant) s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Taymanitic variant) s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Hismaic variant) s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.	Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Dadantic variant) 𐪊 s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ] Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Safaitic variant) s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ] Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Taymanitic variant) s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ] Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Hismaic variant) s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ]	Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Dadantic variant) 𐪒 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Safaitic variant) ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Taymanitic variant) ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Hismaic variant) ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Dadantic variant) 𐪖 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Safaitic variant) ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Taymanitic variant) ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Hismaic variant) ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Dadantic variant) 𐪐 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Safaitic variant) f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Taymanitic variant) f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Hismaic variant) f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Dadantic variant) 𐪎 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Safaitic variant) ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Taymanitic variant) ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Hismaic variant) ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Dadantic variant) 𐪄 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Safaitic variant) q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Taymanitic variant) q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Hismaic variant) q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Dadantic variant) 𐪇 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Safaitic variant) r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Taymanitic variant) r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Hismaic variant) r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Dadantic variant) 𐪆 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Safaitic variant) s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Taymanitic variant) s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Hismaic variant) s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.			Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Dadantic variant) 𐪉 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Safaitic variant) t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Taymanitic variant) t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Hismaic variant) t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Byblos	Syllabary (or abugida) 18 c. BCE - 14 c. BCE																								Byblos letter ???	Byblos letter ???					Byblos letter ???
Meroitic Hieroglyphs	Abugida 3 c. BCE - 6 c. CE CE	Meroitic hieroglyph letter O × Meroitic hieroglyph letter O 𐦃 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 (𓃾).																							Meroitic hieroglyph letter Na × Meroitic hieroglyph letter Na 𐦊 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 (𓈖).								Meroitic hieroglyph letter Ra × Meroitic hieroglyph letter Ra 𐦎 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 (𓂋).													Meroitic hieroglyph letter Sa × Meroitic hieroglyph letter Sa 𐦓 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 (𓆷).