Lepontic
Southern Alps
Lepontic letter A
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Lepontic letter Ke
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Lepontic letter E
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Lepontic letter Ve
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Lepontic letter Ze
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Lepontic letter The
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Lepontic letter I
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Lepontic letter Ka
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Lepontic letter El
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Lepontic letter Em
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Lepontic letter En
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Lepontic letter O
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Lepontic letter Pe
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Lepontic letter She
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Lepontic letter Er
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Lepontic letter Es
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Lepontic letter Te
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Lepontic letter U
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Lepontic letter Khe
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Lepontic letter A (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter A (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter A (variant 3)
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Lepontic letter E (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter E (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Ze (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter Ze (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Ze (variant 3)
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Lepontic letter The (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter The (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Em (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter Em (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Em (variant 3)
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Lepontic letter Em (variant 4)
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Lepontic letter En (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter En (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter She (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter She (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Es (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter Es (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Es (variant 3)
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Lepontic letter Es (variant 4)
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Lepontic letter Es (variant 5)
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Lepontic letter Te (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter Te (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter U (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter U (variant 2)
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Lepontic letter Khe (variant 1)
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Lepontic letter Khe (variant 2)
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Stela of Davesco. 5 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE. Davesco, Ticino, Switzerland.
(English description - here)
| Writing Script | Head of ox | House plan | Throw stick | Nile tilapia | Man with arms raised | Pear shaped mace | Two diagonal strokes | Plan of rectangular enclosure | Heart and trachea | Arm with downward facing palm | Hand | Crook | Water ripple | Cobra | Reed column | Eye | Mouth | Rush with shoots | Cord on stick | Head | Bow | Crossed sticks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logography
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1πΎHead of Ox
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1πHouse plan
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14πThrow stick
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1πBulti fish
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28πMan with arms raised
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3πPear shaped mace
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4πTwo diagonal strokes
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6πPlan of rectangular enclosure
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35π€Heart and windpipe
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42π£Arm with downward facing palm
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46π§Hand
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39πΏCrook
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35πWater ripple
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10πCobra
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11π½Reed column
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4πΉEye
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21πMouth
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22πRush with roots
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24πCord on stick
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1πΆHead
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9aπBow
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9π΄Crossed sticks
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| Etruscan (Parent) | Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Etruscan letter A
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Etruscan letter Be
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Etruscan letter Ke
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Etruscan letter De
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Etruscan letter E
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Etruscan letter Ve
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Etruscan letter U
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Etruscan letter Ze
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Etruscan letter He
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Etruscan letter The
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Etruscan letter I
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Etruscan letter Ka
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Etruscan letter El
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Etruscan letter Em
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Etruscan letter En
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Etruscan letter Esh
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Etruscan letter O
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Etruscan letter Pe
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Etruscan letter She
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Etruscan letter Ku
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Etruscan letter Er
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Etruscan letter Es
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Etruscan letter Te
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Etruscan letter Phe
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Etruscan letter Eks
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Etruscan letter Khe
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| Latin (Sibling) | Alphabet 7 c. BCE - Present |
![]() Latin letter A (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter A (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter B (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter B (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter C (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter C (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter G (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter G (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter D (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter D (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter E (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter E (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter F (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter F (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter Y (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter Y (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter V (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter V (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter U (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter U (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter W (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter W (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter Z (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter Z (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter H (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter H (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter I (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter I (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter J (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter J (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter K (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter K (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter L (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter L (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter M (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter M (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter N (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter N (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter O (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter O (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter P (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter P (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter Q (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter Q (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter R (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter R (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter S (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter S (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter T (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter T (minuscule) |
![]() Latin letter X (majuscule) ![]() Latin letter X (minuscule) |
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| Faliscan (Sibling) | Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE |
Faliscan letter A
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Faliscan letter Ke
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Faliscan letter De
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Faliscan letter E
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Faliscan letter U
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Faliscan letter Ze
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Faliscan letter He
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Faliscan letter I
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Faliscan letter Ka
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Faliscan letter El
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Faliscan letter Em
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Faliscan letter En
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Faliscan letter O
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Faliscan letter Pe
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Faliscan letter Ku
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Faliscan letter Er
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Faliscan letter Es
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Faliscan letter Te
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| Venetic (Sibling) | Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Venetic letter A
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Venetic letter E
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Venetic letter Ve
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Venetic letter U
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Venetic letter Ze
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Venetic letter He
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Venetic letter The
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Venetic letter I
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Venetic letter Ka
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Venetic letter El
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Venetic letter Em
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Venetic letter En
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Venetic letter O
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Venetic letter Pe
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Venetic letter She
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Venetic letter Er
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Venetic letter Es
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Venetic letter Te
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Venetic letter Phe
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Venetic letter Khe
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| South Picene (Sibling) | Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE |
![]() South Picene letter A |
![]() South Picene letter Be |
![]() South Picene letter Ke |
![]() South Picene letter De |
![]() South Picene letter E |
![]() South Picene letter Ve |
![]() South Picene letter U |
![]() South Picene letter He |
![]() South Picene letter I |
![]() South Picene letter Ka |
![]() South Picene letter El |
![]() South Picene letter Em |
![]() South Picene letter En |
![]() South Picene letter O |
![]() South Picene letter P |
![]() South Picene letter Ku |
![]() South Picene letter Er |
![]() South Picene letter Es |
![]() South Picene letter Te |
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| Rhaetic (Sibling) | Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
![]() Rhaetic letter A (variant 1) ![]() Rhaetic letter A (variant 2) |
![]() Rhaetic letter Ke |
![]() Rhaetic letter Ve |
![]() Rhaetic letter U |
![]() Rhaetic letter Ze |
![]() Rhaetic letter He |
![]() Rhaetic letter I |
![]() Rhaetic letter Ka |
![]() Rhaetic letter El |
![]() Rhaetic letter Em |
![]() Rhaetic letter En |
![]() Rhaetic letter P |
![]() Rhaetic letter She |
![]() Rhaetic letter Er |
![]() Rhaetic letter Es (variant 1) ![]() Rhaetic letter Es (variant 2) |
![]() Rhaetic letter Te (variant 1) ![]() Rhaetic letter Te (variant 2) |
![]() Rhaetic letter Phe |
![]() Rhaetic letter Eks |
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| Camunian (Sibling) | Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 50 CE |
![]() Camunian letter A (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter A (variant 2) ![]() Camunian letter A (variant 3) |
![]() Camunian letter B (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter B (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter G |
![]() Camunian letter E (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter E (variant 2) ![]() Camunian letter E (variant 3) |
![]() Camunian letter F |
![]() Camunian letter U (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter U (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter Z (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter Z (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter H (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter H (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter Th (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter Th (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter I (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter I (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter K |
![]() Camunian letter L (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter L (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter M (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter M (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter N (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter N (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter O |
![]() Camunian letter P (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter P (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter R (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter R (variant 2) |
![]() Camunian letter S (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter S (variant 2) ![]() Camunian letter S (variant 3) |
![]() Camunian letter T (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter T (variant 2) ![]() Camunian letter T (variant 3) |
![]() Camunian letter Sho (variant 1) ![]() Camunian letter Sho (variant 2) |
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| Oscan (Sibling) | Alphabet 4 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
![]() Oscan letter A |
![]() Oscan letter Be |
![]() Oscan letter Ke |
![]() Oscan letter De |
![]() Oscan letter E |
![]() Oscan letter Ve |
![]() Oscan letter U |
![]() Oscan letter Ze |
![]() Oscan letter He |
![]() Oscan letter I |
![]() Oscan letter Ka |
![]() Oscan letter El |
![]() Oscan letter Em |
![]() Oscan letter En |
![]() Oscan letter P |
![]() Oscan letter Er |
![]() Oscan letter Es |
![]() Oscan letter Te |
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| Umbrian (Sibling) | Alphabet 4 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
![]() Umbrian letter A |
![]() Umbrian letter Be |
![]() Umbrian letter E |
![]() Umbrian letter Ve |
![]() Umbrian letter U |
![]() Umbrian letter Ze |
![]() Umbrian letter He |
![]() Umbrian letter The |
![]() Umbrian letter I |
![]() Umbrian letter Ka |
![]() Umbrian letter El |
![]() Umbrian letter Em |
![]() Umbrian letter En |
![]() Umbrian letter P |
![]() Umbrian letter She |
![]() Umbrian letter Er |
![]() Umbrian letter Es (variant 1) ![]() Umbrian letter Es (variant 2) |
![]() Umbrian letter Te |
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| Lepontic | Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE |
Lepontic letter A
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Lepontic letter Ke
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Lepontic letter E
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Lepontic letter Ve
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Lepontic letter U
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Lepontic letter Ze
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Lepontic letter The
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Lepontic letter I
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Lepontic letter Ka
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Lepontic letter El
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Lepontic letter Em
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Lepontic letter En
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Lepontic letter O
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Lepontic letter Pe
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Lepontic letter She
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Lepontic letter Er
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Lepontic letter Es
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Lepontic letter Te
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Lepontic letter Khe
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1. Ciurli, F. (n.d.). Celtic, Lepontic. Mnamon. Retrieved December 13, 2025, from https://mnamon.sns.it/index.php?page=Scrittura&id=59&lang=en
2. Daniels, P. T., & Bright, W. (Eds.). (1996). The worldβs writing systems. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
3. Morandi, A. (1998). Osservazioni su alcuni aspetti della documentazione. In Revue belge de philologie et dβhistoire 76 (pp. 99β124).
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8. Little, C. C. (2011). Proposal to Encode Additional Old Italic Characters. Retrieved December 13, 2025, from unicode.org website: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11146r-old-italic.pdf
9. Marcos, J. J. (2024). PALEOGRAPHIC FONTS. Fonts for Latin paleography. https://www.typofonts.com/palefont.html
10. Maras, D. F. (2022a). Mnamon: Falisco. Laboratorio di Storia, Archeologia, Epigrafia e Tradizione dellβantico (SAET) - Scuola Normale Superiore. https://doi.org/10.25429/SNS.IT/LETTERE/MNAMON050
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14. Morandi, A. (2004). Epigrafia e lingua dei Celti dβItalia. CiviltΓ DellβItalia Antica, II.
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17. Allen, J. P. (2014).Β Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
18. Albright, William F. (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment.
19. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved December 13, 2025, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/
20. Bakker, E. J. (Ed.). (2010). A companion to the ancient Greek language: Bakker/A companion to the ancient Greek language. Wiley-Blackwell.