Ancient North Arabian

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1

𓃾

Head of Ox

Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: ka

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1

𓉐

House plan

Phonogram pr for: pr “house”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: per

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14

𓌙

Throw stick

Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: qema

Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/
Conventional Anglicisation: aam

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1

𓆛

Bulti fish

Phonogram in for: int “bulti”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28

𓀠

Man with arms raised

Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3

𓌉

Pear shaped mace

Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4

𓏭

Two diagonal strokes

Determinative for duality

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6

𓉗

Plan of rectangular enclosure

Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: hut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35

𓄤

Heart and windpipe

Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: nefer

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42

𓂣

Arm with downward facing palm

Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/
Conventional Anglicisation: meh

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46

𓂧

Hand

Phonogram d
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/

Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: djeret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39

𓋿

Crook

Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: aut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35

𓈖

Water ripple

Phonogram n
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10

𓆓

Cobra

Phonogram ḏ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11

𓊽

Reed column

Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/
Conventional Anglicisation: djed

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4

𓁹

Eye

Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/
Conventional Anglicisation: iri

Ideogram for: jrt “eye”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: iret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28

𓎛

Wick

Phonogram ḥ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21

𓂋

Mouth

Phonogram r
Ideogram for: r “mouth”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22

𓇑

Rush with roots

Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24

𓎗

Cord on stick

Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/
Conventional Anglicisation: wedj

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1

𓁶

Head

Phonogram tp
Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/
Conventional Anglicisation: tepw

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a

𓌓

Bow

Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9

𓏴

Crossed sticks

Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”

Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp

Ox
ʾ
IPA: /ʔ/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt

House
b
IPA: /b/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml

Throwstick
g
IPA: /g/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag

Fish
d
IPA: /d/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul

Praise
h
IPA: /h/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph

Fowl
w
IPA: /w/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt

Oxhide ingot/sword
z
IPA: /z/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr

Courtyard or thread
ḥ
IPA: /ħ/ or /x/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab

Wheel
ṭ
IPA: /tˤ/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad

Hand
j
IPA: /j/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap

Palm
k
IPA: /k/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd

Goad
l
IPA: /l/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym

Water
m
IPA: /m/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš

Snake
n
IPA: /n/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk

Peg
s
IPA: /s/

Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn

Eye
ʿ
IPA: /ʕ/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ

Calyx
ɣ
IPA: /ɣ/

Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it

Corner
p
IPA: /p/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday

Plant
ṣ
IPA: /sˤ/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba

Needle/nape/monkey
q
IPA: /kˤ/ or /q/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš

Head
r
IPA: /r/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš

Bow
š
IPA: /ʃ/

Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw

Mark
t
IPA: /t/

Phoenician letter ʾālep

𐤀

𐤀𐤋𐤐

Ox, head of cattle
ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Phoenician letter Bēt

𐤁

𐤁𐤕

House
b
IPA: [b]

Phoenician letter Gīml

𐤂

𐤂𐤌𐤋

Throwing stick (or camel)
g
IPA: [g]

Phoenician letter Dālet

𐤃

𐤃𐤋𐤕

Door (or fish)
d
IPA: [d]

Phoenician letter He

𐤄

𐤄

Window (or jubilation)
h
IPA: [h]

Phoenician letter Wāw

𐤅

𐤅𐤅

Hook
w
IPA: [w]

Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin

𐤆

𐤆𐤉𐤍

Weapon (or manacle)
z
IPA: [z]

Phoenician letter Hēt

𐤇

𐤇𐤕

Courtyard/wall
ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Phoenician letter Ṭēt

𐤈

𐤈𐤕

Wheel
ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Phoenician letter Yod

𐤉

𐤉𐤃

Arm, hand
j
IPA: [j]

Phoenician letter Kāp

𐤊

𐤊𐤐

Palm of a hand
k
IPA: [k]

Phoenician letter Lāmed

𐤋

𐤋𐤌𐤃

Goad
l
IPA: [l]

Phoenician letter Mēm

𐤌

𐤌𐤌

Water
m
IPA: [m]

Phoenician letter Nūn

𐤍

𐤍𐤍

Serpent (or fish)
n
IPA: [n]

Phoenician letter Śāmek

𐤎

𐤎𐤌𐤊

Pillar
s
IPA: [s]

Phoenician letter ʿayin

𐤏

𐤏𐤉𐤍

Eye
ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Phoenician letter Pē

𐤐

𐤐

Mouth (or corner)
p
IPA: [p]

Phoenician letter Ṩādē

𐤑

𐤑𐤃

Papyrus plant/fish hook
ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Phoenician letter Qōp

𐤒

𐤒𐤐

Needle eye
q
IPA: [q]

Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh

𐤓

𐤓𐤔

Head
r
IPA: [r]

Phoenician letter Šīn

𐤔

𐤔𐤍

Tooth (or sun)
š
IPA: [ʃ]

Phoenician letter Tāw

𐤕

𐤕𐤅

Mark
t
IPA: [t]

Ugaritic letter Alpa

𐎀

ʾa
IPA: /ʔa/

Ugaritic letter Beta

𐎁

b
IPA: /b/

Ugaritic letter Gamla

𐎂

g
IPA: /g/

Ugaritic letter Delta

𐎄

d
IPA: /d/

Ugaritic letter Ho

𐎅

h
IPA: /h/

Ugaritic letter Wo

𐎆

w
IPA: /w/

Ugaritic letter Zeta

𐎇

z
IPA: /z/

Ugaritic letter Hota

𐎈

ḥ
IPA: /ħ/

Ugaritic letter Tet

𐎉

ṭ
IPA: /tˤ/

Ugaritic letter Yod

𐎊

y
IPA: /j/

Ugaritic letter Kaf

𐎋

k
IPA: /k/

Ugaritic letter Lamda

𐎍

l
IPA: /l/

Ugaritic letter Mem

𐎎

m
IPA: /m/

Ugaritic letter Nun

𐎐

n
IPA: /n/

Ugaritic letter Samka

𐎒

s
IPA: /s/

Ugaritic letter Ain

𐎓

ʿ
IPA: /ʕ/

Ugaritic letter Ghain

𐎙

ġ
IPA: /ɣ/

Ugaritic letter Pu

𐎔

p
IPA: /p/

Ugaritic letter Sade

𐎕

ṣ
IPA: /sˤ/

Ugaritic letter Qopa

𐎖

q
IPA: /q/

Ugaritic letter Rasha

𐎗

r
IPA: /r/

Ugaritic letter Shin

𐎌

š
IPA: /ʃ/

Ugaritic letter To

𐎚

t
IPA: /t/

Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant)

𐩱

ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule)

𐩱

ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant)

𐩨

b
IPA: [b]

Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule)

𐩨

b
IPA: [b]

Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant)

𐩴

g
IPA: [g]

Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule)

𐩴

g
IPA: [g]

Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant)

𐩵

d
IPA: [d]

Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule)

𐩵

d
IPA: [d]

Ancient South Arabian letter Dhaleth (monumental variant)

𐩹

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient South Arabian letter Dhaleth (minuscule)

𐩹

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant)

𐩳

ḍ
IPA: [ɬˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule)

𐩳

ḍ
IPA: [ɬˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant)

𐩠

h
IPA: [h]

Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule)

𐩠

h
IPA: [h]

Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant)

𐩥

w
IPA: [w], [uː]

Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule)

𐩥

w
IPA: [w], [uː]

Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant)

𐩸

z
IPA: [z]

Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule)

𐩸

z
IPA: [z]

Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant)

𐩢

ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule)

𐩢

ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant)

𐩭

ḫ
IPA: [x]

Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule)

𐩭

ḫ
IPA: [x]

Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant)

𐩷

ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule)

𐩷

ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Theth (monumental variant)

𐩼

ẓ
IPA: [θˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Theth (minuscule)

𐩼

ẓ
IPA: [θˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant)

𐩱

𐩺
IPA: [j], [iː]

Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule)

𐩱

𐩺
IPA: [j], [iː]

Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant)

𐩫

k
IPA: [k]

Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule)

𐩫

k
IPA: [k]

Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant)

𐩡

l
IPA: [l]

Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule)

𐩡

l
IPA: [l]

Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant)

𐩣

m
IPA: [m]

Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule)

𐩣

m
IPA: [m]

Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant)

𐩬

n
IPA: [n]

Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule)

𐩬

n
IPA: [n]

Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant)

𐩯

s³ (s)
IPA: [s̪]

Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule)

𐩯

s³ (s)
IPA: [s̪]

Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant)

𐩪

s¹ (š)
IPA: [s]

Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule)

𐩪

s¹ (š)
IPA: [s]

Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant)

𐩲

ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule)

𐩲

ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant)

𐩶

ġ
IPA: [ɣ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule)

𐩶

ġ
IPA: [ɣ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant)

𐩰

f
IPA: [f]

Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule)

𐩰

f
IPA: [f]

Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant)

𐩮

ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule)

𐩮

ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant)

𐩤

q
IPA: [q]

Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule)

𐩤

q
IPA: [q]

Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant)

𐩧

r
IPA: [r]

Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule)

𐩧

r
IPA: [r]

Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant)

𐩦

s² (ś)
IPA: [ɬ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule)

𐩦

s² (ś)
IPA: [ɬ]

Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant)

𐩩

t
IPA: [t]

Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule)

𐩩

t
IPA: [t]

Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Dadantic variant)

𐪑

ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Safaitic variant)

ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Taymanitic variant)

ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Hismaic variant)

ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Dadantic variant)

𐪈

b
IPA: [b]

Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Safaitic variant)

b
IPA: [b]

Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Taymanitic variant)

b
IPA: [b]

Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Hismaic variant)

b
IPA: [b]

Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Dadantic variant)

𐪔

g
IPA: [g]

Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Safaitic variant)

g
IPA: [g]

Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Taymanitic variant)

g
IPA: [g]

Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Hismaic variant)

g
IPA: [g]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Dadantic variant)

𐪕

d
IPA: [d]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Safaitic variant)

d
IPA: [d]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Taymanitic variant)

d
IPA: [d]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Hismaic variant)

d
IPA: [d]

Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Dadantic variant)

𐪙

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Safaitic variant)

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant)

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Hismaic variant)

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Dadantic variant)

𐪓

ḍ
IPA: [dˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Safaitic variant)

ḍ
IPA: [dˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant)

ḏ
IPA: [ð]

Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Hismaic variant)

ḍ
IPA: [dˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Dadantic variant)

𐪀

h
IPA: [h]

Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Safaitic variant)

h
IPA: [h]

Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Taymanitic variant)

h
IPA: [h]

Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Hismaic variant)

h
IPA: [h]

Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Dadantic variant)

𐪅

w
IPA: [w], [uː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Safaitic variant)

w
IPA: [w], [uː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Taymanitic variant)

w
IPA: [w], [uː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Hismaic variant)

w
IPA: [w], [uː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Dadantic variant)

𐪘

z
IPA: [z]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Safaitic variant)

z
IPA: [z]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Taymanitic variant)

z
IPA: [z]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Hismaic variant)

z
IPA: [z]

Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Dadantic variant)

𐪂

ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Safaitic variant)

ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Taymanitic variant)

ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Hismaic variant)

ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Dadantic variant)

𐪍

ḫ
IPA: [x]

Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Safaitic variant)

ḫ
IPA: [x]

Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Taymanitic variant)

ḫ
IPA: [x]

Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Hismaic variant)

ḫ
IPA: [x]

Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Dadantic variant)

𐪗

ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Safaitic variant)

ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Taymanitic variant)

ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Hismaic variant)

ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Dadantic variant)

𐪜

ẓ
IPA: [θˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Safaitic variant)

ẓ
IPA: [θˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Taymanitic variant)

ẓ
IPA: [θˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Hismaic variant)

ẓ
IPA: [θˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Dadantic variant)

𐪚

y
IPA: [y], [iː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Safaitic variant)

y
IPA: [y], [iː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Taymanitic variant)

y
IPA: [y], [iː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Hismaic variant)

y
IPA: [y], [iː]

Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Dadantic variant)

𐪋

k
IPA: [k]

Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Safaitic variant)

k
IPA: [k]

Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Taymanitic variant)

k
IPA: [k]

Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Hismaic variant)

k
IPA: [k]

Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Dadantic variant)

𐪁

l
IPA: [l]

Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Safaitic variant)

l
IPA: [l]

Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Taymanitic variant)

l
IPA: [l]

Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Hismaic variant)

l
IPA: [l]

Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Dadantic variant)

𐪃

m
IPA: [m]

Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Safaitic variant)

m
IPA: [m]

Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Taymanitic variant)

m
IPA: [m]

Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Hismaic variant)

m
IPA: [m]

Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Dadantic variant)

𐪌

n
IPA: [n]

Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Safaitic variant)

n
IPA: [n]

Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Taymanitic variant)

n
IPA: [n]

Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Hismaic variant)

n
IPA: [n]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Dadantic variant)

𐪏

s³ (s)
IPA: [s]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Safaitic variant)

s³ (s)
IPA: [s]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Taymanitic variant)

s³ (s)
IPA: [s]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Hismaic variant)

s³ (s)
IPA: [s]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Dadantic variant)

𐪊

s¹ (š)
IPA: [ʃ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Safaitic variant)

s¹ (š)
IPA: [ʃ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Taymanitic variant)

s¹ (š)
IPA: [ʃ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Hismaic variant)

s¹ (š)
IPA: [ʃ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Dadantic variant)

𐪒

ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Safaitic variant)

ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Taymanitic variant)

ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Hismaic variant)

ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Dadantic variant)

𐪖

ġ
IPA: [ɣ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Safaitic variant)

ġ
IPA: [ɣ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Taymanitic variant)

ġ
IPA: [ɣ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Hismaic variant)

ġ
IPA: [ɣ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Dadantic variant)

𐪐

f
IPA: [f]

Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Safaitic variant)

f
IPA: [f]

Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Taymanitic variant)

f
IPA: [f]

Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Hismaic variant)

f
IPA: [f]

Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Dadantic variant)

𐪎

ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Safaitic variant)

ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Taymanitic variant)

ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Hismaic variant)

ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Dadantic variant)

𐪄

q
IPA: [q]

Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Safaitic variant)

q
IPA: [q]

Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Taymanitic variant)

q
IPA: [q]

Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Hismaic variant)

q
IPA: [q]

Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Dadantic variant)

𐪇

r
IPA: [r]

Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Safaitic variant)

r
IPA: [r]

Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Taymanitic variant)

r
IPA: [r]

Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Hismaic variant)

r
IPA: [r]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Dadantic variant)

𐪆

s² (ś)
IPA: [ɬ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Safaitic variant)

s² (ś)
IPA: [ɬ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Taymanitic variant)

s² (ś)
IPA: [ɬ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Hismaic variant)

s² (ś)
IPA: [ɬ]

Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Dadantic variant)

𐪉

t
IPA: [t]

Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Safaitic variant)

t
IPA: [t]

Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Taymanitic variant)

t
IPA: [t]

Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Hismaic variant)

t
IPA: [t]