Samaritan

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1

𓃾

Head of Ox

Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: ka

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1

𓉐

House plan

Phonogram pr for: pr “house”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: per

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14

𓌙

Throw stick

Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: qema

Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/
Conventional Anglicisation: aam

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1

𓆛

Bulti fish

Phonogram in for: int “bulti”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28

𓀠

Man with arms raised

Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3

𓌉

Pear shaped mace

Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4

𓏭

Two diagonal strokes

Determinative for duality

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6

𓉗

Plan of rectangular enclosure

Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: hut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35

𓄤

Heart and windpipe

Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: nefer

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42

𓂣

Arm with downward facing palm

Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/
Conventional Anglicisation: meh

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46

𓂧

Hand

Phonogram d
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/

Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: djeret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39

𓋿

Crook

Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: aut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35

𓈖

Water ripple

Phonogram n
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10

𓆓

Cobra

Phonogram ḏ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11

𓊽

Reed column

Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/
Conventional Anglicisation: djed

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4

𓁹

Eye

Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/
Conventional Anglicisation: iri

Ideogram for: jrt “eye”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: iret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28

𓎛

Wick

Phonogram ḥ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21

𓂋

Mouth

Phonogram r
Ideogram for: r “mouth”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22

𓇑

Rush with roots

Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24

𓎗

Cord on stick

Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/
Conventional Anglicisation: wedj

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1

𓁶

Head

Phonogram tp
Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/
Conventional Anglicisation: tepw

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a

𓌓

Bow

Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39

𓇨

Basket of fruit or grain

Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9

𓏴

Crossed sticks

Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”

Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep

𐤀

𐤀𐤋𐤐

Ox, head of cattle
ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt

𐤁

𐤁𐤕

House
b
IPA: [b]

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml

𐤂

𐤂𐤌𐤋

Throwing stick (or camel)
g
IPA: [g]

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet

𐤃

𐤃𐤋𐤕

Door (or fish)
d
IPA: [d]

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Paleo-Hebrew letter He

𐤄

𐤄

Window (or jubilation)
h
IPA: [h]

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw

𐤅

𐤅𐤅

Hook
w
IPA: [w]

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin

𐤆

𐤆𐤉𐤍

Weapon (or manacle)
z
IPA: [z]

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt

𐤇

𐤇𐤕

Courtyard/wall
ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt

𐤈

𐤈𐤕

Wheel
ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod

𐤉

𐤉𐤃

Arm, hand
j
IPA: [j]

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp

𐤊

𐤊𐤐

Palm of a hand
k
IPA: [k]

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed

𐤋

𐤋𐤌𐤃

Goad
l
IPA: [l]

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm

𐤌

𐤌𐤌

Water
m
IPA: [m]

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn

𐤍

𐤍𐤍

Serpent (or fish)
n
IPA: [n]

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek

𐤎

𐤎𐤌𐤊

Pillar
s
IPA: [s]

Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin

𐤏

𐤏𐤉𐤍

Eye
ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē

𐤐

𐤐

Mouth (or corner)
p
IPA: [p]

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṩādē

𐤑

𐤑𐤃

Papyrus plant/fish hook
ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp

𐤒

𐤒𐤐

Needle eye
q
IPA: [q]

Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh

𐤓

𐤓𐤔

Head
r
IPA: [r]

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn

𐤔

𐤔𐤍

Tooth (or sun)
š
IPA: [ʃ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw

𐤕

𐤕𐤅

Mark
t
IPA: [t]

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Samaritan letter Ā'lāf

ࠀ

ʾ

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Samaritan letter Bīt

ࠁ

b

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt (𐤁).

Samaritan letter Gā'mān

ࠂ

g

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml (𐤂).

Samaritan letter Dā'lāt

ࠃ

d

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet (𐤃).

Samaritan letter Īy

ࠄ

h

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter He (𐤄).

Samaritan letter Bā̊

ࠅ

w

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw (𐤅).

Samaritan letter Zēn

ࠆ

z

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Samaritan letter Īt

ࠇ

ḥ

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt (𐤇).

Samaritan letter Ṭīt

ࠈ

ṭ

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Samaritan letter Yūt

ࠉ

y

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod (𐤉).

Samaritan letter Kā̊f

ࠊ

k

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp (𐤊).

Samaritan letter Lā'bāt

ࠋ

l

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Samaritan letter Mīm

ࠌ

m

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm (𐤌).

Samaritan letter Nūn

ࠍ

n

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn (𐤍).

Samaritan letter Sin'gā̊t

ࠎ

s

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Samaritan letter Īn

ࠏ

ʿ

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Samaritan letter Fī

ࠐ

f

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē (𐤐).

Samaritan letter Ṣā̊'dīy

ࠑ

ṣ

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē (𐤐).

Samaritan letter Qūf

ࠒ

q

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp (𐤒).

Samaritan letter Rīš

ࠓ

r

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Samaritan letter Šān

ࠔ

š

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn (𐤔).

Samaritan letter Tā̊f

ࠕ

t

Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw (𐤕).