maˈtʼuww

Writing Scripts Descended from Egyptian Hieroglyphs

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Southeastern
Iberian

Semi-syllabary¹
4 c. BCE - 1 c. CE¹

Right-to-left and left-to-right¹

Southeastern Iberian

Languages¹

Iberian

Places¹

Southeastern Iberian peninsula

Abecedary¹

Vowel signs

SEI01

Southeastern Iberian letter A

SEI16

Southeastern Iberian letter E

SEI10

Southeastern Iberian letter I

SEI01a

Southeastern Iberian letter O

SEI06

Southeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka	Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke	Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki	Southeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko × Southeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko go/ko
Southeastern Iberian letter Ba × Southeastern Iberian letter Ba ba	Southeastern Iberian letter Be × Southeastern Iberian letter Be be	Southeastern Iberian letter Bi × Southeastern Iberian letter Bi bi	Southeastern Iberian letter Bo × Southeastern Iberian letter Bo bo	Southeastern Iberian letter Bu × Southeastern Iberian letter Bu bu
Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta	Southeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Southeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te	Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti × Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti di/ti		Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu

Non-stop consonant signs

Southeastern Iberian letter S × Southeastern Iberian letter S s	Southeastern Iberian letter Ś × Southeastern Iberian letter Ś ś	Southeastern Iberian letter R × Southeastern Iberian letter R r	Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ	Southeastern Iberian letter N × Southeastern Iberian letter N n
Southeastern Iberian letter L × Southeastern Iberian letter L l

Epigraphy²

SEI_Epi01

SEI_Epi02

Bronze coin dating 150-100 BCE, depicting a Horseman and the word "ikalesken".
(English description and transliteration - here)

Script comparison^1,3,4-6

Writing Script		Head of ox		House plan		Throw stick		Nile tilapia			Man with arms raised				Pear shaped mace				Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure		Heart and trachea		Arm with downward facing palm		Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra	Reed column		Eye	Wick	Mouth	Rush with shoots			Cord on stick	Head	Bow				Basket of fruit or grain		Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 𓎛 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 𓇨 Basket of fruit or grain Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Phoenician (Ancestor)	Abjad 12 c. BCE - 135 BCE	Phoenician letter ʾālep × Phoenician letter ʾālep 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ]		Phoenician letter Bēt × Phoenician letter Bēt 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b]		Phoenician letter Gīml × Phoenician letter Gīml 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g]		Phoenician letter Dālet × Phoenician letter Dālet 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d]			Phoenician letter He × Phoenician letter He 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h]				Phoenician letter Wāw × Phoenician letter Wāw 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w]				Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin × Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z]	Phoenician letter Hēt × Phoenician letter Hēt 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ]		Phoenician letter Ṭēt × Phoenician letter Ṭēt 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ]		Phoenician letter Yod × Phoenician letter Yod 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j]		Phoenician letter Kāp × Phoenician letter Kāp 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k]	Phoenician letter Lāmed × Phoenician letter Lāmed 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l]	Phoenician letter Mēm × Phoenician letter Mēm 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m]	Phoenician letter Nūn × Phoenician letter Nūn 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n]	Phoenician letter Śāmek × Phoenician letter Śāmek 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s]		Phoenician letter ʿayin × Phoenician letter ʿayin 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ]		Phoenician letter Pē × Phoenician letter Pē 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p]	Phoenician letter Ṩādē × Phoenician letter Ṩādē 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ]			Phoenician letter Qōp × Phoenician letter Qōp 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q]	Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh × Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r]	Phoenician letter Šīn × Phoenician letter Šīn 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ]						Phoenician letter Tāw × Phoenician letter Tāw 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t]
Southwestern Paleohispanic (Sibling)	Semi-syllabary ?7 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter A × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter A a Southwestern Paleohispanic letter O × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter O o		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(e) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(e) p(e)		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(a) k(a)		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(u) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(u) t(u)			Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(a) p(a)				Southwestern Paleohispanic letter U × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter U u					Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 1) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 1) ?h Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 2) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 2) ?h		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(i) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(i) t(i)		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter I × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter I i		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(e) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(e) k(e)	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter L × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter L l	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter M × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter M m	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter N × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter N n	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter S × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter S s		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter E × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter E e		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(o) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(o) p(o)				Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(i) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(i) k(i)	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter R × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter R r	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter Ś × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter Ś ś						Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(a) t(a)
Southeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 4 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Southeastern Iberian letter A × Southeastern Iberian letter A a Southeastern Iberian letter O × Southeastern Iberian letter O o		Southeastern Iberian letter Ba × Southeastern Iberian letter Ba ba		Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka		Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu			Southeastern Iberian letter Be × Southeastern Iberian letter Be be				Southeastern Iberian letter U × Southeastern Iberian letter U u							Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti × Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti di/ti		Southeastern Iberian letter I × Southeastern Iberian letter I i		Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke	Southeastern Iberian letter L × Southeastern Iberian letter L l		Southeastern Iberian letter N × Southeastern Iberian letter N n	Southeastern Iberian letter S × Southeastern Iberian letter S s		Southeastern Iberian letter E × Southeastern Iberian letter E e		Southeastern Iberian letter Bu × Southeastern Iberian letter Bu bu				Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki	Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ	Southeastern Iberian letter Ś × Southeastern Iberian letter Ś ś						Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta

Lineage^1,4,5,7,8

Egyptian Hieroglyphs
↳Hieratic Egyptian
↳Proto-Sinaitic
↳Phoenician
↳Hypothetical Original
Paleohispanic script
↳Hypothetical Original
Southern Paleohispanic script
↳Southwestern Paleohispanic
↳Southeastern Iberian
↳Hypothetical Original
Northeastern Iberian script
↳Dual Northeastern Iberian

Iberian

References

1. Sinner, A. G., & Velaza, J. (Eds.). (2019). Palaeohispanic languages and epigraphies. Oxford University Press. Retrieved July 29, 2023, from https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/145739/1/Chapter_4._Palaeohispanic_writing_syste.pdf
2. MIB 154/07, in P.P. Ripollès, M. Gozalbes (ed.), Moneda Ibérica (MIB), Valencia, https://monedaiberica.org/v3/type/2079?lang=lg-eng [accessed 09/09/2023]
3. Valério, M. (2009). Origin and development of the Paleohispanic scripts: the orthography and phonology of the Southwestern alphabet. Revista Portugesa de Arqueologia, 12(2), 177–189. https://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/media/uploads/revistaportuguesadearqueologia/11.2/5_6_7_8/06_p.107-138.pdf
4. Colless, Brian E (1990). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Sinai". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 28: 1–52. doi:10.2143/anes.28.0.525711
5. Colless, Brian E (1991). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Canaan". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 29: 18–66. doi:10.2143/anes.29.0.525718
6. Phoenician. (2022). unicode.org. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10900.pdf
7. Allen, J. P. (2014). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
8. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/