Northeastern Iberian

Abecedary¹

Vowel signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka ka Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke ke Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki ki Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ko × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ko ko	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ku × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ku ku
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga ga Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge ge Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi gi Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go go	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu gu
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be be	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo bo	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta ta Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te te Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ti × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ti ti	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter To × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter To tu	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu tu Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da da Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De de Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di di	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do do	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du du Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Non-stop consonant signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S s	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter M × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter M m	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ ḿ	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R r	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).	Unidentified Dual Northeastern Iberian letter × Unidentified Dual Northeastern Iberian letter ?

Vowel signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko go/ko	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu/Ku × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu/Ku gu/ku
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be be	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo bo	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti di/ti	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do/To × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do/To do/to	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du.

Non-stop consonant signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter S × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter S s	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter M × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter M m	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ ḿ	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter R × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter R r	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.	Unidentified non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter × Unidentified non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter ?

Epigraphy

Dual script²

Silver coin dating 195-170 BCE, depicting a horseman and the word "iltiŕta".
(English description and transliteration - here)

Non-dual script³

The Hand of Irulegi (80-72 BCE), the oldest wriitten evidence of the Basque language.
(English description, transliteration, and translation - here)

Writing Script

Head of ox

House plan

Throw stick

Nile tilapia

Man with arms raised

Pear shaped mace

Two diagonal strokes

Plan of rectangular enclosure

Heart and trachea

Arm with downward facing palm

Hand

Crook

Water ripple

Cobra

Reed column

Eye

Wick

Mouth

Rush with shoots

Cord on stick

Head

Bow

Basket of fruit or grain

Crossed sticks

Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Logography
            
32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9

Phoenician (Ancestor)

Abjad
                
12 c. BCE - 135 BCE

Phoenician letter ʾālep

Phoenician letter Bēt

Phoenician letter Gīml

Phoenician letter Dālet

Phoenician letter He

Phoenician letter Wāw

Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin

Phoenician letter Hēt

Phoenician letter Ṭēt

Phoenician letter Yod

Phoenician letter Kāp

Phoenician letter Lāmed

Phoenician letter Mēm

Phoenician letter Nūn

Phoenician letter Śāmek

Phoenician letter ʿayin

Phoenician letter Pē

Phoenician letter Ṩādē

Phoenician letter Qōp

Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh

Phoenician letter Šīn

Phoenician letter Tāw

Dual Northeastern Iberian

Semi-syllabary
5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian

Semi-syllabary
5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta

Dual Western Celtiberian (Child)

Semi-syllabary
3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Dual Western Celtiberian letter A

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu

Dual Western Celtiberian letter De

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te

Dual Western Celtiberian letter I

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke

Dual Western Celtiberian letter L

Dual Western Celtiberian letter N

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu

Dual Western Celtiberian letter R

Dual Western Celtiberian letter S

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da

Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta

Dual Eastern Celtiberian (Child)

Semi-syllabary
3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da

Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta

Writing Script		Head of ox	House plan	Throw stick	Nile tilapia	Man with arms raised	Pear shaped mace	Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure	Heart and trachea	Arm with downward facing palm	Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra	Reed column	Eye	Wick	Mouth	Rush with shoots	Cord on stick	Head	Bow	Basket of fruit or grain	Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 𓎛 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 𓇨 Basket of fruit or grain Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Phoenician (Ancestor)	Abjad 12 c. BCE - 135 BCE	Phoenician letter ʾālep × Phoenician letter ʾālep 𐤀 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.	Phoenician letter Bēt × Phoenician letter Bēt 𐤁 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.	Phoenician letter Gīml × Phoenician letter Gīml 𐤂 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.	Phoenician letter Dālet × Phoenician letter Dālet 𐤃 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.	Phoenician letter He × Phoenician letter He 𐤄 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.	Phoenician letter Wāw × Phoenician letter Wāw 𐤅 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.	Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin × Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Phoenician letter Hēt × Phoenician letter Hēt 𐤇 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.	Phoenician letter Ṭēt × Phoenician letter Ṭēt 𐤈 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.	Phoenician letter Yod × Phoenician letter Yod 𐤉 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.	Phoenician letter Kāp × Phoenician letter Kāp 𐤊 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Phoenician letter Lāmed × Phoenician letter Lāmed 𐤋 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Phoenician letter Mēm × Phoenician letter Mēm 𐤌 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Phoenician letter Nūn × Phoenician letter Nūn 𐤍 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.	Phoenician letter Śāmek × Phoenician letter Śāmek 𐤎 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.	Phoenician letter ʿayin × Phoenician letter ʿayin 𐤏 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.		Phoenician letter Pē × Phoenician letter Pē 𐤐 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Phoenician letter Ṩādē × Phoenician letter Ṩādē 𐤑 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.	Phoenician letter Qōp × Phoenician letter Qōp 𐤒 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh × Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Phoenician letter Šīn × Phoenician letter Šīn 𐤔 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.		Phoenician letter Tāw × Phoenician letter Tāw 𐤕 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga ga Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka ka Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du du Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu tu Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).					Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te te Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De de Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi gi Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki ki Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge ge Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke ke Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).				Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).			Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da da Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta ta Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi. Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du.					Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ke Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.				Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.			Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da.
Dual Western Celtiberian (Child)	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Western Celtiberian letter A × Dual Western Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga ga Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du du Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu.					Dual Western Celtiberian letter De × Dual Western Celtiberian letter De de Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter I × Dual Western Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi gi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge ge Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke ke Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter L × Dual Western Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter N × Dual Western Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.				Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.			Dual Western Celtiberian letter R × Dual Western Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter S × Dual Western Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da da Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta.
Dual Eastern Celtiberian (Child)	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga ga Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du du Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu.					Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De de Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi gi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge ge Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke ke Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.				Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.			Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da da Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta.

maˈtʼuww

Writing Scripts Descended from Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Northeastern
Iberian

Languages¹

Places¹

Abecedary¹

Vowel signs

Stop signs

Non-stop consonant signs

Vowel signs

Stop signs

Non-stop consonant signs

Epigraphy

Dual script²

Non-dual script³

Script comparison^1,4-7

Lineage^1,5,6,8,9

References

Northeastern Iberian

Languages1

Places1

Abecedary1

Vowel signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ko

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ku

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ti

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter To

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du

Non-stop consonant signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter M

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Unidentified Dual Northeastern Iberian letter

Vowel signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu/Ku

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do/To

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu

Non-stop consonant signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter S

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter M

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter R

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Unidentified non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter

Epigraphy

Northeastern
Iberian

Languages¹

Places¹

Abecedary¹