Northeastern Iberian

Abecedary¹

Vowel signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka ka	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke ke	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki ki	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ko × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ko ko	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ku × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ku ku
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga ga	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge ge	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi gi	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go go	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu gu
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be be	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo bo	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta ta	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te te	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ti × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ti ti	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter To × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter To tu	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu tu
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da da	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De de	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di di	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do do	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du du

Non-stop consonant signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S s	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter M × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter M m	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ ḿ	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l
Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R r	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n	Unidentified Dual Northeastern Iberian letter × Unidentified Dual Northeastern Iberian letter ?

Vowel signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko go/ko	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu/Ku × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu/Ku gu/ku
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be be	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo bo	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti di/ti	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do/To × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do/To do/to	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu

Non-stop consonant signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter S × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter S s	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter M × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter M m	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ ḿ	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter R × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter R r	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n	Unidentified non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter × Unidentified non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter ?

Epigraphy

Dual script²

Silver coin dating 195-170 BCE, depicting a horseman and the word "iltiŕta".
(English description and transliteration - here)

Non-dual script³

The Hand of Irulegi (80-72 BCE), the oldest wriitten evidence of the Basque language.
(English description, transliteration, and translation - here)

Writing Script

Head of ox

House plan

Throw stick

Nile tilapia

Man with arms raised

Pear shaped mace

Two diagonal strokes

Plan of rectangular enclosure

Heart and trachea

Arm with downward facing palm

Hand

Crook

Water ripple

Cobra

Reed column

Eye

Wick

Mouth

Rush with shoots

Cord on stick

Head

Bow

Basket of fruit or grain

Crossed sticks

Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Logography
            
32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9

Phoenician (Ancestor)

Abjad
                
12 c. BCE - 135 BCE

Phoenician letter ʾālep

Phoenician letter Bēt

Phoenician letter Gīml

Phoenician letter Dālet

Phoenician letter He

Phoenician letter Wāw

Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin

Phoenician letter Hēt

Phoenician letter Ṭēt

Phoenician letter Yod

Phoenician letter Kāp

Phoenician letter Lāmed

Phoenician letter Mēm

Phoenician letter Nūn

Phoenician letter Śāmek

Phoenician letter ʿayin

Phoenician letter Pē

Phoenician letter Ṩādē

Phoenician letter Qōp

Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh

Phoenician letter Šīn

Phoenician letter Tāw

Dual Northeastern Iberian

Semi-syllabary
5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter da

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian

Semi-syllabary
5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/u

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta

Dual Western Celtiberian (Child)

Semi-syllabary
3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Dual West Celtiberian letter A

Dual West Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ga

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ka

Dual West Celtiberian letter Du

Dual West Celtiberian letter Tu

Dual West Celtiberian letter De

Dual West Celtiberian letter Te

Dual West Celtiberian letter I

Dual West Celtiberian letter Gi

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ki

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ge

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ke

Dual West Celtiberian letter L

Dual West Celtiberian letter N

Dual West Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu

Dual West Celtiberian letter R

Dual West Celtiberian letter S

Dual West Celtiberian letter Da

Dual West Celtiberian letter Ta

Dual Eastern Celtiberian (Child)

Semi-syllabary
3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter A

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Du/Tu

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter De/Te

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter I

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter L

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter N

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter R

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter S

Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Da/Ta

Writing Script		Head of ox	House plan	Throw stick	Nile tilapia	Man with arms raised	Pear shaped mace	Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure	Heart and trachea	Arm with downward facing palm	Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra	Reed column	Eye	Wick	Mouth	Rush with shoots	Cord on stick	Head	Bow	Basket of fruit or grain	Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 𓎛 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 𓇨 Basket of fruit or grain Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Phoenician (Ancestor)	Abjad 12 c. BCE - 135 BCE	Phoenician letter ʾālep × Phoenician letter ʾālep 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ]	Phoenician letter Bēt × Phoenician letter Bēt 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b]	Phoenician letter Gīml × Phoenician letter Gīml 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g]	Phoenician letter Dālet × Phoenician letter Dālet 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d]	Phoenician letter He × Phoenician letter He 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h]	Phoenician letter Wāw × Phoenician letter Wāw 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w]	Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin × Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z]	Phoenician letter Hēt × Phoenician letter Hēt 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ]	Phoenician letter Ṭēt × Phoenician letter Ṭēt 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ]	Phoenician letter Yod × Phoenician letter Yod 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j]	Phoenician letter Kāp × Phoenician letter Kāp 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k]	Phoenician letter Lāmed × Phoenician letter Lāmed 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l]	Phoenician letter Mēm × Phoenician letter Mēm 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m]	Phoenician letter Nūn × Phoenician letter Nūn 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n]	Phoenician letter Śāmek × Phoenician letter Śāmek 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s]	Phoenician letter ʿayin × Phoenician letter ʿayin 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ]		Phoenician letter Pē × Phoenician letter Pē 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p]	Phoenician letter Ṩādē × Phoenician letter Ṩādē 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ]	Phoenician letter Qōp × Phoenician letter Qōp 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q]	Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh × Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r]	Phoenician letter Šīn × Phoenician letter Šīn 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ]		Phoenician letter Tāw × Phoenician letter Tāw 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t]
Dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka ka Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga ga	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu tu Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du du					Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te te Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De de	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki ki Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi gi	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge ge Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke ke	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n				Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu			Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta ta Dual Northeastern Iberian letter da × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da da
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/u × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu					Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ke	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n				Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu			Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta
Dual Western Celtiberian (Child)	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual West Celtiberian letter A × Dual West Celtiberian letter A a	Dual West Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual West Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Dual West Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa	Dual West Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ga ga Dual West Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ka ka	Dual West Celtiberian letter Du × Dual West Celtiberian letter Du du Dual West Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual West Celtiberian letter Tu tu					Dual West Celtiberian letter De × Dual West Celtiberian letter De de Dual West Celtiberian letter Te × Dual West Celtiberian letter Te te	Dual West Celtiberian letter I × Dual West Celtiberian letter I i Dual West Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual West Celtiberian letter Gi gi Dual West Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ki ki	Dual West Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ge ge Dual West Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ke ke	Dual West Celtiberian letter L × Dual West Celtiberian letter L l		Dual West Celtiberian letter N × Dual West Celtiberian letter N n				Dual West Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual West Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu			Dual West Celtiberian letter R × Dual West Celtiberian letter R r	Dual West Celtiberian letter S × Dual West Celtiberian letter S s		Dual West Celtiberian letter Da × Dual West Celtiberian letter Da da Dual West Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual West Celtiberian letter Ta ta
Dual Eastern Celtiberian (Child)	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter A × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter A a	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Du/Tu du/tu					Non-dual West Celtiberian letter De/Te × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter De/Te de/te	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter I × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter I i Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter L × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter L l		Non-dual West Celtiberian letter N × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter N n				Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu			Non-dual West Celtiberian letter R × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter R r	Non-dual West Celtiberian letter S × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter S s		Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual West Celtiberian letter Da/Ta da/ta

maˈtʼuww

Writing Scripts Descended from Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Northeastern
Iberian

Languages¹

Places¹

Abecedary¹

Vowel signs

Stop signs

Non-stop consonant signs

Vowel signs

Stop signs

Non-stop consonant signs

Epigraphy

Dual script²

Non-dual script³

Script comparison^1,4-7

Lineage^1,5,6,8,9

References

Northeastern Iberian

Languages1

Places1

Abecedary1

Vowel signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ko

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ku

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ti

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter To

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du

Non-stop consonant signs

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter M

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R

Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Unidentified Dual Northeastern Iberian letter

Vowel signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter E

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter O

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter U

Stop signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Go/Ko

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gu/Ku

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Be

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bo

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Do/To

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu

Non-stop consonant signs

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter S

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter M

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ḿ

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter R

Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N

Unidentified non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter

Epigraphy

Northeastern
Iberian

Languages¹

Places¹

Abecedary¹