Bactrian
Bactria, Central Asia
![]() Bactrian letter Alpha
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![]() Bactrian letter Beta
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![]() Bactrian letter Delta
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![]() Bactrian letter Epsilon
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Bactrian letter EpsilonΕΕΨΙΛΟΝSimple E
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![]() Bactrian letter Eta
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![]() Bactrian letter Phi
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![]() Bactrian letter Gamma
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![]() Bactrian letter Iota
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![]() Bactrian letter Kappa
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![]() Bactrian letter Lambda
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![]() Bactrian letter Mu
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![]() Bactrian letter Nu
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![]() Bactrian letter Omicron
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Bactrian letter OmicronΟΟΜΙΚΡΟΝSmall O
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![]() Bactrian letter Omega
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![]() Bactrian letter Pi
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![]() Bactrian letter Rho
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![]() Bactrian letter Sigma
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![]() Bactrian letter Tau
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![]() Bactrian letter Theta
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![]() Bactrian letter Upsilon
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Bactrian letter UpsilonΥΥΨΙΛΟΝSimple U
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![]() Bactrian letter Chi
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![]() Bactrian letter Zeta
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![]() Bactrian letter Sho
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Bactrian letter ShoϸϸΩsh |
Capitals |
![]() Bactrian letter Alpha
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![]() Bactrian letter Beta
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![]() Bactrian letter Delta
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![]() Bactrian letter Epsilon
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Bactrian letter EpsilonΕΕΨΙΛΟΝSimple E
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![]() Bactrian letter Eta
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![]() Bactrian letter Phi
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![]() Bactrian letter Gamma
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![]() Bactrian letter Iota
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![]() Bactrian letter Kappa
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![]() Bactrian letter Lambda
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![]() Bactrian letter Mu
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![]() Bactrian letter Nu
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![]() Bactrian letter Omicron
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Bactrian letter OmicronΟΟΜΙΚΡΟΝSmall O
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![]() Bactrian letter Omega
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![]() Bactrian letter Pi
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![]() Bactrian letter Rho
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![]() Bactrian letter Sigma
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![]() Bactrian letter Tau
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![]() Bactrian letter Theta
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![]() Bactrian letter Upsilon
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Bactrian letter UpsilonΥΥΨΙΛΟΝSimple U
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![]() Bactrian letter Chi
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![]() Bactrian letter Zeta
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![]() Bactrian letter Sho
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Bactrian letter ShoϸϸΩsh |
Cursive |
![]() Bactrian letter Alpha (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Beta (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Delta (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Epsilon (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Eta (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Phi (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Gamma (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Iota (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Kappa (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Lambda (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Mu (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Nu (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Omicron (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Omega (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Pi (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Rho (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Sigma (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Tau (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Ṭheta (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Upsilon (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Chi (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Zeta (cursive) |
![]() Bactrian letter Sho (cursive) |
The Surkh Kotal inscription (SK4). 2 c. CE. Surkh Kotal, Afghanistan. (Description and translation - here)
Writing Script | Head of ox | House plan | Throw stick | Nile tilapia | Man with arms raised | Pear shaped mace | Two diagonal strokes | Plan of rectangular enclosure | Heart and trachea | Arm with downward facing palm | Hand | Crook | Water ripple | Cobra | Reed column | Eye | Mouth | Rush with shoots | Cord on stick | Head | Bow | Crossed sticks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logography |
![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1𓃾Head of Ox
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1𓉐House plan
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14𓌙Throw stick
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1𓆛Bulti fish
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28𓀠Man with arms raised
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3𓌉Pear shaped mace
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4𓏭Two diagonal strokes
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6𓉗Plan of rectangular enclosure
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35𓄤Heart and windpipe
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42𓂣Arm with downward facing palm
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46𓂧Hand
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39𓋿Crook
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35𓈖Water ripple
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10𓆓Cobra
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11𓊽Reed column
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4𓁹Eye
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21𓂋Mouth
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22𓇑Rush with roots
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24𓎗Cord on stick
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1𓁶Head
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a𓌓Bow
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9𓏴Crossed sticks
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Hellenistic Greek Captials (Parent) | Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE |
![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Alpha
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter AlphaΑΑΛΦΑa
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Beta
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter BetaΒΒΗΤΑb
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Gamma
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter GammaΓΓΑΜΜΑg
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Delta
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter DeltaΔΔΕΛΤΑd
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Epsilon
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Hellenistic Greek letter EpsilonΕΕΨΙΛΟΝSimple E
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Upsilon
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter UpsilonΥΥΨΙΛΟΝSimple U
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Zeta
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter ZetaΖΖΗΤΑz
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Eta
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter EtaΗΗΤΑē
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Theta
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter ThetaΘΘΗΤΑth
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Iota
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter IotaΙΙΩΤΑi
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Kappa
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter KappaΚΚΑΠΠΑk
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Lambda
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter LambdaΛΛΑΜΒΔΑl
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Mu
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter MuΜΜΥm
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Nu
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter NuΝΝΥn
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Xi
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter XiΞΞΙks
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omicron
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter OmicronΟΟΜΙΚΡΟΝSmall O
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Pi
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Classical Greek Captial letter PiΠΠΙp
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Rho
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter RhoΡΡΟr
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Sigma
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter SigmaΣΣΙΓΜΑs
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Tau
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter TauΤΤΑΥt
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Phi
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter PhiΦΦΙph
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Chi
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Hellenistic Greek letter ChiΧΧΙkh
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Psi
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter PsiΨΨΙps
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![]() Hellenistic Greek Captial letter Omega
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Hellenistic Greek Captial letter OmegaΩΩΜΕΓΑBig O
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Ptolemaic Papyral Greek Uncials (Sibling) | Alphabet 323 - 30 BCE |
![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Alpha
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter AlphaΑΑΛΦΑa
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Beta
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter BetaΒΒΗΤΑb
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Gamma
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter GammaΓΓΑΜΜΑg
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Delta
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter DeltaΔΔΕΛΤΑd
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon
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Hellenistic Greek letter EpsilonΕΕΨΙΛΟΝSimple E
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Upsilon
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter UpsilonΥΥΨΙΛΟΝSimple U
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Zeta
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter ZetaΖΖΗΤΑz
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Eta
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter EtaΗΗΤΑē
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Theta
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter ThetaΘΘΗΤΑth
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Iota
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter IotaΙΙΩΤΑi
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Kappa
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter KappaΚΚΑΠΠΑk
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Lambda
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter LambdaΛΛΑΜΒΔΑl
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Mu
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter MuΜΜΥm
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Nu
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter NuΝΝΥn
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Xi
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter XiΞΞΙks
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omicron
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter OmicronΟΟΜΙΚΡΟΝSmall O
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Pi
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Classical Greek Captial letter PiΠΠΙp
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Rho
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter RhoΡΡΟr
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Sigma
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter SigmaΣΣΙΓΜΑs
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Tau
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter TauΤΤΑΥt
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Phi
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter PhiΦΦΙph
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Chi
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Hellenistic Greek letter ChiΧΧΙkh
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Psi
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter PsiΨΨΙps
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![]() Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter Omega
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Ptolemaic Greek Uncial letter OmegaΩΩΜΕΓΑBig O
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Bactrian | Alphabet ?3 c. BCE - 10 c. CE |
![]() Bactrian letter Alpha
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![]() Bactrian letter Beta
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![]() Bactrian letter Gamma
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![]() Bactrian letter Delta
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![]() Bactrian letter Epsilon
×
Bactrian letter EpsilonΕΕΨΙΛΟΝSimple E
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![]() Bactrian letter Upsilon
×
Bactrian letter UpsilonΥΥΨΙΛΟΝSimple U
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![]() Bactrian letter Zeta
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![]() Bactrian letter Epsilon
×
Bactrian letter EpsilonΕΕΨΙΛΟΝSimple E
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![]() Bactrian letter Theta
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![]() Bactrian letter Iota
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![]() Bactrian letter Kappa
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![]() Bactrian letter Lambda
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![]() Bactrian letter Mu
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![]() Bactrian letter Nu
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![]() Bactrian letter Omicron
×
Bactrian letter OmicronΟΟΜΙΚΡΟΝSmall O
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![]() Bactrian letter Pi
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![]() Bactrian letter Rho
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![]() Bactrian letter Sigma
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![]() Bactrian letter Tau
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![]() Bactrian letter Phi
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![]() Bactrian letter Chi
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![]() Bactrian letter Omega
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1. MultiTree:A Digital Library of Language Relationships. (n.d.). Multitree.org. Retrieved July 18, 2025, from https://web.archive.org/web/20211003030016/http://multitree.org/codes/xbc
2. Davary. (1982). Illustrations. fu-berlin.de. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/8366/02_Illustrations.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
3. The Surkh Kotal inscription (SK4). National Museum of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan. 2 c. CE. Retrieved July 18, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surkh_Kotal_inscription,_2nd_century_CE.jpg
4. Colless, Brian E (1990). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Sinai". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 28: 1–52. doi:10.2143/anes.28.0.525711
5. Colless, Brian E (1991). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Canaan". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 29: 18–66. doi:10.2143/anes.29.0.525718
6. Marcos, J-J. (2024). Fonts for Greek Paleography. Typofonts.com. https://typofonts.com/GREEK_PALEOGRAPHY.pdf
7. Allen, J. P. (2014). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
8. Albright, William F. (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment.
9. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved July 18, 2025, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/
10. Woodard, R. D. (2013). A companion to the ancient Greek language (E. J. Bakker, Ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
11. Jeffery, L. H. (1990). The local scripts of archaic Greece: A study of the origin of the Greek alphabet and its development from the eighth to the fifth centuries BC. Clarendon Press.
12. Bakker, E. J. (Ed.). (2010). A companion to the ancient Greek language: Bakker/A companion to the ancient Greek language. Wiley-Blackwell.
13. Brown, K. (2014). Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world (K. Brown & S. Ogilvie, Eds.). Elsevier Science & Technology.