Messapic

Abecedary^1,2

Messapic letter Alpha × Messapic letter Alpha a IPA: /a/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha.	Messapic letter Beta × Messapic letter Beta b IPA: /b/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta.	Messapic letter Gamma × Messapic letter Gamma g IPA: /g/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma.	Messapic letter Delta × Messapic letter Delta d IPA: /d/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta.	Messapic letter Epsilon × Messapic letter Epsilon e IPA: /e/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ei.
Messapic letter Digamma × Messapic letter Digamma v IPA: /v/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Wau.	Messapic letter Zeta × Messapic letter Zeta z IPA: /z/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Zeta.	Messapic letter Eta × Messapic letter Eta ē IPA: /ē/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Eta.	Messapic letter Heta × Messapic letter Heta h IPA: /h/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Heta.	Messapic letter Theta × Messapic letter Theta th IPA: /θ/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Theta.
Messapic letter Iota × Messapic letter Iota i IPA: /i/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota.	Messapic letter Kappa × Messapic letter Kappa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa.	Messapic letter Lambda × Messapic letter Lambda l IPA: /l/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda.	Messapic letter Mu × Messapic letter Mu m IPA: /m/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Mu.	Messapic letter Nu × Messapic letter Nu n IPA: /n/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu.
Messapic letter Xi × Messapic letter Xi š IPA: /š/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Xi.	Messapic letter Omicron × Messapic letter Omicron o IPA: /o/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou.	Messapic letter Pi × Messapic letter Pi p IPA: /p/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Pi.	Messapic letter Qoppa × Messapic letter Qoppa q IPA: /q/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Qoppa.	Messapic letter Rho × Messapic letter Rho r IPA: /r/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho.
Messapic letter Sigma × Messapic letter Sigma s IPA: /s/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma.	Messapic letter Tau × Messapic letter Tau t IPA: /t/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau.	Messapic letter Upsilon × Messapic letter Upsilon u IPA: /u/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Upsilon.	Messapic letter Chi × Messapic letter Chi r IPA: /kʰ/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Chi.	Unknown Messapic letter × Unknown Messapic letter ?

Letter variants

Letter Alpha

Messapic letter Alpha
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Alpha
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Alpha
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Alpha
(variant 4)

Messapic letter Alpha
(variant 5)

Messapic letter Alpha
(variant 6)

Letter Beta

Messapic letter Beta
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Beta
(variant 2)

Letter Delta

Messapic letter Delta
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Delta
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Delta
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Delta
(variant 4)

Letter Epsilon

Messapic letter Epsilon
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Epsilon
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Epsilon
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Epsilon
(variant 4)

Messapic letter Epsilon
(variant 5)

Letter Digamma

Messapic letter Digamma
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Digamma
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Digamma
(variant 3)

Letter Zeta

Messapic letter Zeta
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Zeta
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Zeta
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Zeta
(variant 4)

Letter Heta

Messapic letter Heta
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Heta
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Heta
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Heta
(variant 4)

Letter Theta

Messapic letter Theta
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Theta
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Theta
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Theta
(variant 4)

Messapic letter Theta
(variant 5)

Messapic letter Theta
(variant 6)

Letter Lambda

Messapic letter Lambda
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Lambda
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Lambda
(variant 3)

Letter Mu

Messapic letter Mu
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Mu
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Mu
(variant 3)

Letter Nu

Messapic letter Nu
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Nu
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Nu
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Nu
(variant 4)

Letter Xi

Messapic letter Xi
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Xi
(variant 2)

Letter Omicron

Messapic letter Omicron
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Omicron
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Omicron
(variant 3)

Letter Pi

Messapic letter Pi
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Pi
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Pi
(variant 3)

Letter Qoppa

Messapic letter Qoppa
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Qoppa
(variant 2)

Letter Rho

Messapic letter Rho
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Rho
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Rho
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Rho
(variant 4)

Messapic letter Rho
(variant 5)

Letter Sigma

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 3)

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 4)

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 5)

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 6)

Messapic letter Sigma
(variant 7)

Letter Tau

Messapic letter Tau
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Tau
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Tau
(variant 3)

Letter Upsilon

Messapic letter Upsilon
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Upsilon
(variant 2)

Letter Chi

Messapic letter Chi
(variant 1)

Messapic letter Chi
(variant 2)

Messapic letter Chi
(variant 3)

Unknown letter

Messapic unknown letter
(variant 1)

Messapic unknown letter
(variant 2)

Messapic unknown letter
(variant 3)

Writing Script		Head of ox	House plan	Throw stick	Nile tilapia	Man with arms raised		Pear shaped mace	Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure		Heart and trachea	Arm with downward facing palm	Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra	Reed column	Eye	Mouth	Rush with shoots	Cord on stick	Head	Bow	Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Archaic Greek (Parent)	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE	Archaic Greek letter Alpha × Archaic Greek letter Alpha a IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀). Numerical value: 1	Archaic Greek letter Beta × Archaic Greek letter Beta b IPA: /b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Numerical value: 2	Archaic Greek letter Gamma × Archaic Greek letter Gamma g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂). Numerical value: 3	Archaic Greek letter Delta × Archaic Greek letter Delta d IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Numerical value: 4	Archaic Greek letter Ei × Archaic Greek letter Ei e IPA: /e/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄). Numerical value: 5	Archaic Greek letter Wau × Archaic Greek letter Wau w IPA: /w/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅). Numerical value: 400	Archaic Greek letter U × Archaic Greek letter U u IPA: /u/, /uː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅). Numerical value: 400	Archaic Greek letter Zeta × Archaic Greek letter Zeta z IPA: [zd](?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Numerical value: 7	Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant) h IPA: /h/, /ɛː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇). Numerical value: 8	Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant) × Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant) h IPA: /h/, /ɛː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇). Numerical value: 8	Archaic Greek letter Theta × Archaic Greek letter Theta th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Numerical value: 9	Archaic Greek letter Iota × Archaic Greek letter Iota i IPA: /i/, /iː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Numerical value: 10	Archaic Greek letter Kappa × Archaic Greek letter Kappa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Numerical value: 20	Archaic Greek letter Lambda × Archaic Greek letter Lambda l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋). Numerical value: 30	Archaic Greek letter Mu × Archaic Greek letter Mu m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌). Numerical value: 40	Archaic Greek letter Nu × Archaic Greek letter Nu n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍). Numerical value: 50	Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant) ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎). Numerical value: 60	Archaic Greek letter Ou × Archaic Greek letter Ou o IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏). Numerical value: 70	Archaic Greek letter Pi × Archaic Greek letter Pi p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐). Numerical value: 80	Archaic Greek letter San × Archaic Greek letter San s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).	Archaic Greek letter Koppa × Archaic Greek letter Koppa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒). Numerical value: 90	Archaic Greek letter Rho × Archaic Greek letter Rho r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓). Numerical value: 100	Archaic Greek letter Sigma × Archaic Greek letter Sigma s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Numerical value: 200	Archaic Greek letter Tau × Archaic Greek letter Tau t IPA: /t/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕). Numerical value: 300	Archaic Greek letter Phi × Archaic Greek letter Phi ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒). Numerical value: 500	Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant) × Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant) kh IPA: /kʰ/ Numerical value: 600 Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant) kh IPA: /kʰ/ Numerical value: 600	Archaic Greek letter Sampi × Archaic Greek letter Sampi ͳ ss or ts IPA: /ss/ or /ts/ Numerical value: 900	Archaic Greek letter Psi × Archaic Greek letter Psi ps IPA: /ps/ Numerical value: 700	Archaic Greek letter Ō × Archaic Greek letter Ō o IPA: /ɔː/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou. Numerical value: 800
Etruscan (Sibling)	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Old Italic letter A Archaic Etruscan letter A Neo-Etruscan letter A	Old Italic letter Be Archaic Etruscan letter Be	Old Italic letter Ke Archaic Etruscan letter Ke Neo-Etruscan letter Ke	Old Italic letter De Archaic Etruscan letter De	Old Italic letter E Archaic Etruscan letter E Neo-Etruscan letter E	Old Italic letter Ve Archaic Etruscan letter Ve Neo-Etruscan letter Ve	Old Italic letter U Archaic Etruscan letter U Neo-Etruscan letter U	Old Italic letter Ze Archaic Etruscan letter Ze Neo-Etruscan letter Ze		Old Italic letter He Archaic Etruscan letter He Neo-Etruscan letter He	Old Italic letter The Archaic Etruscan letter The Neo-Etruscan letter The	Old Italic letter I Archaic Etruscan letter I Neo-Etruscan letter I	Old Italic letter Ka Archaic Etruscan letter Ka	Old Italic letter El Archaic Etruscan letter El Neo-Etruscan letter El	Old Italic letter Em Archaic Etruscan letter Em Neo-Etruscan letter Em	Old Italic letter En Archaic Etruscan letter En Neo-Etruscan letter En	Old Italic letter s᫈ Archaic Etruscan letter s᫈	Old Italic letter O Archaic Etruscan letter O	Old Italic letter P Archaic Etruscan letter P Neo-Etruscan letter P	Old Italic letter She Archaic Etruscan letter She Neo-Etruscan letter She	Old Italic letter Ku Archaic Etruscan letter Ku	Old Italic letter Er Archaic Etruscan letter Er Neo-Etruscan letter Er	Old Italic letter Es Archaic Etruscan letter Es Neo-Etruscan letter Es	Old Italic letter Te Archaic Etruscan letter Te Neo-Etruscan letter Te	Old Italic letter Phe Archaic Etruscan letter Phe Neo-Etruscan letter Phe	Old Italic letter Eks Archaic Etruscan letter Eks		Old Italic letter Khe Archaic Etruscan letter Khe Neo-Etruscan letter Khe
Lydian (Sibling)	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Lydian letter A × Lydian letter A 𐤠 a IPA: [a] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha.	Lydian letter B × Lydian letter B 𐤡 b,p IPA: [p~b] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta.	Lydian letter G × Lydian letter G 𐤢 g IPA: [g] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma.	Lydian letter D × Lydian letter D 𐤣 d IPA: [θ~ð]? Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta.	Lydian letter E × Lydian letter E 𐤤 e IPA: [eː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ei.	Lydian letter V/W × Lydian letter V/W 𐤥 v/w IPA: [w~v] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Wau.	Lydian letter U × Lydian letter U 𐤰 u IPA: [u] Derived from Archaic Greek letter U.	Lydian letter Š × Lydian letter Š 𐤳 š IPA: [ʃ], [ç] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Zeta.				Lydian letter I × Lydian letter I 𐤦 i IPA: [i] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota.	Lydian letter K × Lydian letter K 𐤨 k IPA: [k~ɡ] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa.	Lydian letter L × Lydian letter L 𐤩 l IPA: [l] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda.	Lydian letter M × Lydian letter M 𐤪 m IPA: [m] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Mu.	Lydian letter N × Lydian letter N 𐤫 n IPA: [n] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu.		Lydian letter O × Lydian letter O 𐤬 o IPA: [oː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou.				Lydian letter R × Lydian letter R 𐤭 r IPA: [r] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho.	Lydian letter S × Lydian letter S 𐤮 s IPA: [s] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma.	Lydian letter T × Lydian letter T 𐤯 t IPA: [t~d] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau.
Carian (Sibling)	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE	Carian letter A	Carian letter P		Carian letter D	Carian letter I	Carian letter Y	Carian letter U		Carian letter E					Carian letter L	Carian letter M	Carian letter N		Carian letter O	Carian letter B	Carian letter Sam	Carian letter Koppa	Carian letter R		Carian letter T				Carian letter K
Lycian (Sibling)	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 14 c. CE	Lycian letter A × Lycian letter A 𐊀 a IPA: [a] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha.	Lycian letter B × Lycian letter B 𐊂 b IPA: [β] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta.	Lycian letter G × Lycian letter G 𐊄 g IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma.	Lycian letter D × Lycian letter D 𐊅 d IPA: [ð] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta.	Lycian letter I × Lycian letter I 𐊆 i IPA: [i], [ĩ] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ei.	Lycian letter W × Lycian letter W 𐊇 w IPA: [w] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Wau.		Lycian letter Z × Lycian letter Z 𐊈 z IPA: [t͡s] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Zeta.				Lycian letter J × Lycian letter J 𐊊 j/y IPA: [j] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota.	Lycian letter K × Lycian letter K 𐊋 k IPA: [kʲ], [ɡʲ] after nasals Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa.	Lycian letter L × Lycian letter L 𐊍 l IPA: [l], [l̩]~[əl] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda.	Lycian letter M × Lycian letter M 𐊎 m IPA: [m] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Mu.	Lycian letter N × Lycian letter N 𐊏 n IPA: [n] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu.	Lycian letter Ñ × Lycian letter Ñ 𐊑 ñ IPA: [n̩], [ən], [n.] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Xi.	Lycian letter U × Lycian letter U 𐊒 u IPA: [u], [ũ] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou.	Lycian letter P × Lycian letter P 𐊓 p IPA: [b], [p] after nasals Derived from Archaic Greek letter Pi.		Lycian letter K/C × Lycian letter K/C 𐊔 k/c IPA: [k]?, [kʲ]?, [h(e)] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Koppa.	Lycian letter R × Lycian letter R 𐊕 r IPA: [r], [r̩]~[ər] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho.	Lycian letter S × Lycian letter S 𐊖 s IPA: [s] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma.	Lycian letter T × Lycian letter T 𐊗 t IPA: [t], [d] after nasals Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau.		Lycian letter H × Lycian letter H 𐊛 h IPA: [h] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Chi.
Greco-Iberian (Sibling)	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE	Greco-Iberian letter Alpha × Greco-Iberian letter Alpha a Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha.	Greco-Iberian letter Beta × Greco-Iberian letter Beta b Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta.	Greco-Iberian letter Gamma × Greco-Iberian letter Gamma g Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma.	Greco-Iberian letter Delta × Greco-Iberian letter Delta d Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta.			Greco-Iberian letter Upsilon × Greco-Iberian letter Upsilon o Derived from Archaic Greek letter Upsilon.		Greco-Iberian letter Eta × Greco-Iberian letter Eta e Derived from Archaic Greek letter Eta.			Greco-Iberian letter Iota × Greco-Iberian letter Iota i Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota.	Greco-Iberian letter Kappa × Greco-Iberian letter Kappa k Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa.	Greco-Iberian letter Lambda × Greco-Iberian letter Lambda l Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda.		Greco-Iberian letter Nu × Greco-Iberian letter Nu n Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu.		Greco-Iberian letter Omicron × Greco-Iberian letter Omicron o Derived from Archaic Greek letter Omicron.				Greco-Iberian letter Rho × Greco-Iberian letter Rho r Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho. Greco-Iberian letter Rho’ × Greco-Iberian letter Rho’ r’ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho.	Greco-Iberian letter Sigma × Greco-Iberian letter Sigma s Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma.	Greco-Iberian letter Tau × Greco-Iberian letter Tau t Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau.			Greco-Iberian letter Sampi × Greco-Iberian letter Sampi s Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sampi.
Classical Greek Capitals (Sibling)	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE	Classical Greek Captial letter Alpha × Classical Greek Captial letter Alpha Α ΑΛΦΑ a IPA: Short: [a], Long: [aː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha. Numerical value: 1	Classical Greek Captial letter Beta × Classical Greek Captial letter Beta Β ΒΗΤΑ b IPA: [b] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta. Numerical value: 2	Classical Greek Captial letter Gamma × Classical Greek Captial letter Gamma Γ ΓΑΜΜΑ g IPA: [ɡ], [ŋ] when used before γ, κ, ξ, χ, and possibly μ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma. Numerical value: 3	Classical Greek Captial letter Delta × Classical Greek Captial letter Delta Δ ΔΕΛΤΑ d IPA: [d̪] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta. Numerical value: 4	Classical Greek Captial letter Epsilon × Archaic Greek letter Epsilon Ε ΕΨΙΛΟΝ Simple E e IPA: [e] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Epsilon. Numerical value: 5		Classical Greek Captial letter Upsilon × Classical Greek Captial letter Upsilon Υ ΥΨΙΛΟΝ Simple U y IPA: Short: [y], Long: [yː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Upsilon. Numerical value: 400	Classical Greek Captial letter Zeta × Classical Greek Captial letter Zeta Ζ ΖΗΤΑ z IPA: [zd], or possibly [dz] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Zeta. Numerical value: 7	Classical Greek Captial letter Eta × Classical Greek Captial letter Eta Η ΗΤΑ ē IPA: [ɛː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Eta. Numerical value: 8		Classical Greek Captial letter Theta × Classical Greek Captial letter Theta Θ ΘΗΤΑ th IPA: [t̪ʰ] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Theta. Numerical value: 9	Classical Greek Captial letter Iota × Classical Greek Captial letter Iota Ι ΙΩΤΑ i IPA: Short: [i], Long: [iː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota. Numerical value: 10	Classical Greek Captial letter Kappa × Classical Greek Captial letter Kappa Κ ΚΑΠΠΑ k IPA: [k] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa. Numerical value: 20	Classical Greek Captial letter Lambda × Classical Greek Captial letter Lambda Λ ΛΑΜΒΔΑ l IPA: [l] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda. Numerical value: 30	Classical Greek Captial letter Mu × Classical Greek Captial letter Mu Μ ΜΥ m IPA: [m] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Mu. Numerical value: 40	Classical Greek Captial letter Nu × Classical Greek Captial letter Nu Ν ΝΥ n IPA: [n] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu. Numerical value: 50	Classical Greek Captial letter Xi × Classical Greek Captial letter Xi Ξ ΞΙ ks IPA: [ks] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Xi. Numerical value: 60	Classical Greek Captial letter Omicron × Classical Greek Captial letter Omicron Ο ΟΜΙΚΡΟΝ Small O o IPA: [o] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou. Numerical value: 70	Classical Greek Captial letter Pi × Classical Greek Captial letter Pi Π ΠΙ p IPA: [p] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Pi. Numerical value: 80			Classical Greek Captial letter Rho × Classical Greek Captial letter Rho Ρ ΡΟ r IPA: [r] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho. Numerical value: 100	Classical Greek Captial letter Sigma × Classical Greek Captial letter Sigma Σ ΣΙΓΜΑ s IPA: [s] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma. Numerical value: 200	Classical Greek Captial letter Tau × Classical Greek Captial letter Tau Τ ΤΑΥ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau. Numerical value: 300	Classical Greek Captial letter Phi × Classical Greek Captial letter Phi Φ ΦΙ ph IPA: [pʰ] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Phi. Numerical value: 500	Classical Greek Captial letter Chi × Classical Greek Captial letter Chi Χ ΧΙ kh IPA: [kʰ] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Chi. Numerical value: 600	Classical Greek letter Sampi × Classical Greek letter Sampi ΣΑΜΠΙ "like a Pi (Π)" Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sampi (ͳ). Numerical value: 900	Classical Greek Captial letter Psi × Classical Greek Captial letter Psi Ψ ΨΙ ps IPA: [ps] Likely derived from Archaic Greek letter Psi. Numerical value: 700	Classical Greek Captial letter Omega × Classical Greek Captial letter Omega Ω ΩΜΕΓΑ Big O o IPA: [ɔː] Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ō. Numerical value: 800
Messapic	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Messapic letter Alpha × Messapic letter Alpha a IPA: /a/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Alpha.	Messapic letter Beta × Messapic letter Beta b IPA: /b/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Beta.	Messapic letter Gamma × Messapic letter Gamma g IPA: /g/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Gamma.	Messapic letter Delta × Messapic letter Delta d IPA: /d/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Delta.	Messapic letter Epsilon × Messapic letter Epsilon e IPA: /e/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ei.	Messapic letter Digamma × Messapic letter Digamma v IPA: /v/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Wau.	Messapic letter Upsilon × Messapic letter Upsilon u IPA: /u/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Upsilon.	Messapic letter Zeta × Messapic letter Zeta z IPA: /z/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Zeta.	Messapic letter Eta × Messapic letter Eta ē IPA: /ē/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Eta.	Messapic letter Heta × Messapic letter Heta h IPA: /h/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Heta.	Messapic letter Theta × Messapic letter Theta th IPA: /θ/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Theta.	Messapic letter Iota × Messapic letter Iota i IPA: /i/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Iota.	Messapic letter Kappa × Messapic letter Kappa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Kappa.	Messapic letter Lambda × Messapic letter Lambda l IPA: /l/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Lambda.	Messapic letter Mu × Messapic letter Mu m IPA: /m/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Mu.	Messapic letter Nu × Messapic letter Nu n IPA: /n/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Nu.	Messapic letter Xi × Messapic letter Xi š IPA: /š/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Xi.	Messapic letter Omicron × Messapic letter Omicron o IPA: /o/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou.	Messapic letter Pi × Messapic letter Pi p IPA: /p/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Pi.		Messapic letter Qoppa × Messapic letter Qoppa q IPA: /q/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Qoppa.	Messapic letter Rho × Messapic letter Rho r IPA: /r/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Rho.	Messapic letter Sigma × Messapic letter Sigma s IPA: /s/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sigma.	Messapic letter Tau × Messapic letter Tau t IPA: /t/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Tau.		Messapic letter Chi × Messapic letter Chi r IPA: /kʰ/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Chi.