Tuareg Berber
Western Sahara and western Sahel:
Modern day Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya, and Burkina Faso
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh final vowel
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Tuareg Tifinagh final vowelⴰ
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadj
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadjⴶdj, ǧ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaɣ
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaɣⵗgh (ɣ) |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yah
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yahh |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yax
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaxⵆkh (x) |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaw
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yawu, w |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yabt
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yabtbt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yazt
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yaztzt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yart
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yartrt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yast
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yastst |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yadjt
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yadjtdjt, ǧt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadj
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadjⴶdj, ǧ |
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yagt
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yagtgt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yalt
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yaltlt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yamt
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yamtmt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yant
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yantnt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yasht/Yact
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yasht/Yactšt |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yank
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Tuareg Tifinagh ligature Yanknk |
= |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan
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+ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadj (variant 1)
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadj (variant 1)dj, ǧ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadj (variant 2)
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Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yadj (variant 2)ⴶdj, ǧ |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2)
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Tifinagh rock inscriptions in the Tadrart Acacus mountains (SW Libya) (description - here)
Writing Script | Head of ox | House plan | Throw stick | Nile tilapia | Man with arms raised | Pear shaped mace | Two diagonal strokes | Plan of rectangular enclosure | Heart and trachea | Arm with downward facing palm | Hand | Crook | Water ripple | Cobra | Reed column | Eye | Wick | Mouth | Rush with shoots | Cord on stick | Head | Bow | Basket of fruit or grain | Crossed sticks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logography |
![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1𓃾Head of Ox
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1𓉐House plan
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14𓌙Throw stick
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1𓆛Bulti fish
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28𓀠Man with arms raised
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3𓌉Pear shaped mace
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4𓏭Two diagonal strokes
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6𓉗Plan of rectangular enclosure
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35𓄤Heart and windpipe
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42𓂣Arm with downward facing palm
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46𓂧Hand
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39𓋿Crook
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35𓈖Water ripple
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10𓆓Cobra
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11𓊽Reed column
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4𓁹Eye
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28𓎛Wick
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21𓂋Mouth
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22𓇑Rush with roots
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24𓎗Cord on stick
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1𓁶Head
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a𓌓Bow
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39𓇨Basket of fruit or grain
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9𓏴Crossed sticks
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Libyco-Berber (Parent) | Abjad 2 c. BCE - 7 c. CE |
![]() Libyco-Berber letter B
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter G (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter G (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter D (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter D (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter U (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter U (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ż (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ (vertical variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter Z
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter H
![]() Libyco-Berber letter H (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter I (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter I (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter K (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter K (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter L (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter L (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter M (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter M (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter N
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter S
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter F (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter F (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ç (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter Ç (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter Q (horizontal variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter R
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter Š (horizontal variant)
![]() Libyco-Berber letter Š (vertical variant)
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![]() Libyco-Berber letter T
![]() Libyco-Berber letter T1 (horizontal variant)
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Tuareg Tifinagh | Abjad ??? - Present |
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1)
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2)
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac
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![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat
![]() Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ1
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Neo-Tifinagh (Child) | Alphabet 1980 CE - Present |
![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yab
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yag
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yad
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaj
![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaz
![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaẓ
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaḍ
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yay
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yak
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yal
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yam
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yan
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yas
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaf
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaq
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yar
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaš (Yac)
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![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yat
![]() Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaṭ
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1. Jay, M. (1996). Quelques éléments sur les Kinnin d’Abbéché (Tchad). Études et Documents Berbères, 14, 199–212.
2. Penchoen, T. G. (1973). Tamazight of the ayt ndhir.
3. Hanoteau, A. (1896). Essai de grammaire de la langue Tamachek’: renfermant les principes du langage parlé par les Imouchar’ ou Touareg, des conversations en Tamachek’, des fac-simile d’écriture en caractères Tifinar’, et une carte indiquant les parties de l’Algérie où la langue Berbère encore en usage. A. Jourdan.
4. Everson, M. (1998). Encoding the Tifinagh script. Dkuug.Dk. http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1757.pdf
5. Moseley, C., & Campbell, G. L. (2011). The Routledge handbook of scripts and alphabets (2nd ed.). Routledge.
6. Ritter, H., & Prasse, K. G. (2009). Wörterbuch zur Sprache und Kultur der Twareg / Wörterbuch zur Sprache und Kultur der Twareg I. Twareg-Französisch-Deutsch: Alqamus Talmant - Tamahaq - Tamashaq - Tamajeq / Elementarwörterbuch der Twareg-Hauptdialekte in Algerien, Libyen, Niger, Mali und Burkina Faso mit einer Einführung in Kultur, Sprache, Schrift und Dialektverteilung. Harrassowitz.
7. Tifinagh. (n.d.). unicode.org. Retrieved August 29, 2023, from https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2D30.pdf
8. Anonymous. (c. 146BC). Site 09/005, British Library, EAP265/1/5. Wadi Irlarlaren, Acacus Mountains, Libya. Retrieved September 2, 2023, from https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP265-1-5
9. Colless, Brian E (1990). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Sinai". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 28: 1–52. doi:10.2143/anes.28.0.525711
10. Colless, Brian E (1991). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Canaan". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 29: 18–66. doi:10.2143/anes.29.0.525718
11. Chabot, J.-B. (1940). Recueil des Inscriptions Libyques. Imprimerie Nationale.
12. Allen, J. P. (2014). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
13. Albright, William F. (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment.
14. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/
15. Howard, M. C. (2012). Transnationalism in ancient and medieval societies: The role of cross-border trade and travel. McFarland & Company.
16. Chaker, P. S. (n.d.). Etat des lieux et perspectives. Centrederechercheberbere.Fr. Retrieved April 10, 2023, from https://www.centrederechercheberbere.fr/tl_files/doc-pdf/Libyque_Synthese.pdf
17. Souag, L. (n.d.). Libyco-Berber. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. https://doi.org/10.25429/SNS.IT/LETTERE/MNAMON000
18. Campbell, G. L. (2011). The Routledge handbook of scripts and alphabets (2nd ed.). Routledge.