Libyco-Berber

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1

𓃾

Head of Ox

Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: ka

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1

𓉐

House plan

Phonogram pr for: pr “house”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: per

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14

𓌙

Throw stick

Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: qema

Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/
Conventional Anglicisation: aam

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1

𓆛

Bulti fish

Phonogram in for: int “bulti”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28

𓀠

Man with arms raised

Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3

𓌉

Pear shaped mace

Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4

𓏭

Two diagonal strokes

Determinative for duality

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6

𓉗

Plan of rectangular enclosure

Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: hut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35

𓄤

Heart and windpipe

Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: nefer

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42

𓂣

Arm with downward facing palm

Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/
Conventional Anglicisation: meh

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46

𓂧

Hand

Phonogram d
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/

Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: djeret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39

𓋿

Crook

Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: aut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35

𓈖

Water ripple

Phonogram n
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10

𓆓

Cobra

Phonogram ḏ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11

𓊽

Reed column

Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/
Conventional Anglicisation: djed

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4

𓁹

Eye

Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/
Conventional Anglicisation: iri

Ideogram for: jrt “eye”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: iret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28

𓎛

Wick

Phonogram ḥ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21

𓂋

Mouth

Phonogram r
Ideogram for: r “mouth”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22

𓇑

Rush with roots

Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24

𓎗

Cord on stick

Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/
Conventional Anglicisation: wedj

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1

𓁶

Head

Phonogram tp
Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/
Conventional Anglicisation: tepw

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a

𓌓

Bow

Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39

𓇨

Basket of fruit or grain

Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9

𓏴

Crossed sticks

Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”

Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep

𐤀

𐤀𐤋𐤐

Ox, head of cattle
ʾ
IPA: [ʔ]

Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt

𐤁

𐤁𐤕

House
b
IPA: [b]

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml

𐤂

𐤂𐤌𐤋

Throwing stick (or camel)
g
IPA: [g]

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet

𐤃

𐤃𐤋𐤕

Door (or fish)
d
IPA: [d]

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Paleo-Hebrew letter He

𐤄

𐤄

Window (or jubilation)
h
IPA: [h]

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw

𐤅

𐤅𐤅

Hook
w
IPA: [w]

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin

𐤆

𐤆𐤉𐤍

Weapon (or manacle)
z
IPA: [z]

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt

𐤇

𐤇𐤕

Courtyard/wall
ḥ
IPA: [ħ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt

𐤈

𐤈𐤕

Wheel
ṭ
IPA: [tˤ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod

𐤉

𐤉𐤃

Arm, hand
j
IPA: [j]

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp

𐤊

𐤊𐤐

Palm of a hand
k
IPA: [k]

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed

𐤋

𐤋𐤌𐤃

Goad
l
IPA: [l]

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm

𐤌

𐤌𐤌

Water
m
IPA: [m]

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn

𐤍

𐤍𐤍

Serpent (or fish)
n
IPA: [n]

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek

𐤎

𐤎𐤌𐤊

Pillar
s
IPA: [s]

Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin

𐤏

𐤏𐤉𐤍

Eye
ʿ
IPA: [ʕ]

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē

𐤐

𐤐

Mouth (or corner)
p
IPA: [p]

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṩādē

𐤑

𐤑𐤃

Papyrus plant/fish hook
ṣ
IPA: [sˤ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp

𐤒

𐤒𐤐

Needle eye
q
IPA: [q]

Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh

𐤓

𐤓𐤔

Head
r
IPA: [r]

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn

𐤔

𐤔𐤍

Tooth (or sun)
š
IPA: [ʃ]

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw

𐤕

𐤕𐤅

Mark
t
IPA: [t]

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph

𐡀

𐡀𐡐𐡓

ʾ
IPA: /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth

𐡁

𐡁𐡕

b
IPA: /b/, /v/

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal

𐡂

𐡂𐡌𐡋

g
IPA: /ɡ/, /ɣ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath

𐡃

𐡃𐡋𐡕

d
IPA: /d/, /ð/

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Imperial Aramaic letter Hē

𐡄

𐡄

h
IPA: /h/

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Imperial Aramaic letter Waw

𐡅

𐡅𐡅

w
IPA: /w/; /oː/, /uː/

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Imperial Aramaic letter Zain

𐡆

𐡆𐡉𐡍

z
IPA: /z/

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth

𐡇

𐡇𐡕

ḥ
IPA: /ħ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth

𐡈

𐡈𐡕

ṭ
IPA: /tˤ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh

𐡉

𐡉𐡃

j
IPA: /j/; /iː/, /eː/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph

𐡊

𐡊𐡐

k
IPA: /k/, /x/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh

𐡋

𐡋𐡌𐡃

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Imperial Aramaic letter Mem

𐡌

𐡌𐡌

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Imperial Aramaic letter Nun

𐡍

𐡍𐡍

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath

𐡎

𐡎𐡌𐡊

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin

𐡏

𐡏𐡉𐡍

ʿ
IPA: /ʕ/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Imperial Aramaic letter Pē

𐡐

𐡐

p
IPA: /p/, /f/

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē

𐡑

𐡑𐡃

ṣ
IPA: /sˤ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph

𐡒

𐡒𐡐

q
IPA: /q/

Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš

𐡓

𐡓𐡔

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn

𐡔

𐡔𐡍

š
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Imperial Aramaic letter Taw

𐡕

𐡕𐡅

t
IPA: /t/, /θ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Archaic Greek letter Alpha

a
IPA: /a/, /aː/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Numerical value: 1

Archaic Greek letter Beta

b
IPA: /b/

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Numerical value: 2

Archaic Greek letter Gamma

g
IPA: /ɡ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Numerical value: 3

Archaic Greek letter Delta

d
IPA: /d/

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Numerical value: 4

Archaic Greek letter Ei

e
IPA: /e/, /eː/

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Numerical value: 5

Archaic Greek letter Wau

w
IPA: /w/

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Numerical value: 6

Archaic Greek letter U

u
IPA: /u/, /uː/

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Numerical value: 400

Archaic Greek letter Zeta

z
IPA: [zd](?)

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Numerical value: 7

Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant)

h
IPA: /h/, /ɛː/

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Numerical value: 8

Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant)

h
IPA: /h/, /ɛː/

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Numerical value: 8

Archaic Greek letter Theta

th
IPA: /tʰ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Numerical value: 9

Archaic Greek letter Iota

i
IPA: /i/, /iː/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Numerical value: 10

Archaic Greek letter Kappa

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Numerical value: 20

Archaic Greek letter Lambda

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Numerical value: 30

Archaic Greek letter Mu

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Numerical value: 40

Archaic Greek letter Nu

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Numerical value: 50

Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant)

ks
IPA: /ks/

Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Numerical value: 60

Archaic Greek letter Ou

o
IPA: /o/, /oː/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Numerical value: 70

Archaic Greek letter Pi

p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Numerical value: 80

Archaic Greek letter San

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Archaic Greek letter Koppa

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Numerical value: 90

Archaic Greek letter Rho

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Numerical value: 100

Archaic Greek letter Sigma

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Numerical value: 200

Archaic Greek letter Tau

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Numerical value: 300

Archaic Greek letter Phi

ph
IPA: /pʰ/

Likely derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Numerical value: 500

Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant)

kh
IPA: /kʰ/

Numerical value: 600

Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant)

kh
IPA: /kʰ/

Numerical value: 600

Archaic Greek letter Sampi

ͳ

ss or ts
IPA: /ss/ or /ts/

Numerical value: 900

Archaic Greek letter Psi

ps
IPA: /ps/

Numerical value: 700

Archaic Greek letter Ō

o
IPA: /ɔː/

Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou.

Numerical value: 800

Phrygian letter A

a
IPA: /a/, /aː/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Phrygian letter B (variant 1)

b
IPA:/b/

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Phrygian letter B (variant 2)

b
IPA:/b/

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Phrygian letter G

g
IPA: /g/

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Phrygian letter D (variant 1)

d
IPA: /d/

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Phrygian letter D (variant 2)

IPA: /d/

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Phrygian letter E (variant 1)

e
IPA: /e/, /e:/

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Phrygian letter E (variant 2)

e
IPA: /e/, /e:/

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Phrygian letter V

w
IPA: /w/

Phrygian letter U

u
IPA: /u/, /u:/

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Phrygian letter Z (variant 1)

z ?zd
IPA:/z/ (/zd/?)

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Phrygian letter Z (variant 2)

z ?zd
IPA:/z/ (/zd/?)

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Phrygian letter Z (variant 3)

z ?zd
IPA:/z/ (/zd/?)

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Phrygian letter Z (variant 4)

z ?zd
IPA:/z/ (/zd/?)

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Phrygian letter I

i
IPA: /i/, /i:/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Phrygian letter Y (variant 1)

j
IPA: /j/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Phrygian letter Y (variant 2)

j
IPA: /j/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Phrygian letter K (variant 1)

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Phrygian letter K (variant 2)

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Phrygian letter K (variant 3)

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Phrygian letter K (variant 4)

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Phrygian letter K (variant 5)

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Phrygian letter L

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Phrygian letter M

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Phrygian letter N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Phrygian letter O

o
IPA: /o/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Phrygian letter P

p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Phrygian letter R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Phrygian letter S (variant 1)

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Phrygian letter S (variant 2)

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Phrygian letter S (variant 3)

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Phrygian letter S (variant 4)

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Phrygian letter T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked A

a
IPA: /a/, /e/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked E

e
IPA: /a/, /ɛ/, /e/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).

Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal A

e
IPA: /ɛ/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).

Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D

d
IPA: /d/, /ð/, /d͡ʒ/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D.

Proto-Rovash letter Open V

v
IPA: /β/, /b-/

Derived from Lydian letter V (𐤸).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1)

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Waw.

Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2)

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Waw.

Proto-Rovash letter Forked Sz

sz
IPA: /s/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz.

Proto-Rovash letter Angled Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Khēth (𐢊).

Proto-Rovash letter Gh

gh
IPA: /ɣ/, /g/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Gh.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth (𐭧).

Proto-Rovash letter Opened T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Carian letter Ng (𐋄).

Proto-Rovash letter Central T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐤈).

Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T

z
IPA: /z/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐤈).

Proto-Rovash letter Closed T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).

Proto-Rovash letter Angled I

i, ï, e
IPA: /i/, /ï/, /e/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled I.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched I

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭩).

Proto-Rovash letter Closed J

j
IPA: /j/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed J.

Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Yodh.

Proto-Rovash letter Simple L

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh.

Proto-Rovash letter Open M

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Lydian letter M (𐤪).

Proto-Rovash letter Round M

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma (𐨨).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Nun (𐤍).

Proto-Rovash letter N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter N.

Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended Sh

sh
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Semkath (𐢖).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked Cs

cs
IPA: /t͡ʃ/, /*s/

Derived from Late Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Proto-Rovash letter Closed Q

q
IPA: /q/

Derived from Lycian letter K (𐊔).

Proto-Rovash letter Arched K

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched K.

Proto-Rovash letter Sharp R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp R.

Proto-Rovash letter R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp R.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).

Proto-Rovash letter Zs

zs
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Zs.

Proto-Rovash letter Shl

shl
IPA: /ɬ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Zs.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched D

d
IPA: /d/, /di/

Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw (𐭕).

Proto-Rovash letter Central F

f
IPA: /f/

Derived from Modern Greek letter Phi (Φ).

Sidetic letter U

u
IPA: /u/

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Sidetic letter Θ (variant 1)

θ
IPA: /tʰ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Sidetic letter Θ (variant 2)

θ
IPA: /tʰ/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Sidetic letter I (variant 1)

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Sidetic letter I (variant 2)

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Sidetic letter O (variant 1)

o
IPA: /o/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Sidetic letter O (variant 2)

o
IPA: /o/

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Sidetic letter P

p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Sidetic letter S (variant 1)

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Sidetic letter S (variant 2)

s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Neo-Punic letter ʾālep

ʾ

Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).

Neo-Punic letter Bēt

b

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Neo-Punic letter Gīml

g

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Neo-Punic letter Dālet

d

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Neo-Punic letter He

h

Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).

Neo-Punic letter Wāw

w

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Neo-Punic letter Zajin/Zayin

z

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Neo-Punic letter Hēt

ḥ

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Neo-Punic letter Ṭēt

ṭ

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Neo-Punic letter Yod

j

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Neo-Punic letter Kāp

k

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Neo-Punic letter Lāmed

l

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Neo-Punic letter Mēm

m

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Neo-Punic letter Nūn

n

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Neo-Punic letter Śāmek

s

Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Neo-Punic letter ʿayin

ʿ

Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).

Neo-Punic letter Pē

p

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Neo-Punic letter Ṩādē

ṣ

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Neo-Punic letter Qōp

q

Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Neo-Punic letter Rēs/Resh

r

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Neo-Punic letter Šīn

š

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Neo-Punic letter Tāw

t

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Libyco-Berber letter B

b

Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).

Libyco-Berber letter G (horizontal variant)

g

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Libyco-Berber letter G (vertical variant)

g

Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).

Libyco-Berber letter D (horizontal variant)

d

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Libyco-Berber letter D (vertical variant)

d

Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).

Libyco-Berber letter U (horizontal variant)

u

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Libyco-Berber letter U (vertical variant)

u

Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).

Libyco-Berber letter Ż (horizontal variant)

ż

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ (horizontal variant)

ẓ

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ (vertical variant)

ẓ

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Libyco-Berber letter Z

z

Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).

Libyco-Berber letter H

h

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Libyco-Berber letter H (vertical variant)

h

Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).

Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ (horizontal variant)

ṭ

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ (vertical variant)

ṭ

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).

Libyco-Berber letter I (horizontal variant)

i

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Libyco-Berber letter I (vertical variant)

i

Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).

Libyco-Berber letter K (horizontal variant)

k

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Libyco-Berber letter K (vertical variant)

k

Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).

Libyco-Berber letter L (horizontal variant)

l

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Libyco-Berber letter L (vertical variant)

l

Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).

Libyco-Berber letter M (horizontal variant)

m

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Libyco-Berber letter M (vertical variant)

m

Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).

Libyco-Berber letter N

n

Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).

Libyco-Berber letter S

s

Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).

Libyco-Berber letter F (horizontal variant)

f

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Libyco-Berber letter F (vertical variant)

f

Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).

Libyco-Berber letter Ç (horizontal variant)

ç

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Libyco-Berber letter Ç (vertical variant)

ç

Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Libyco-Berber letter Q (horizontal variant)

q

Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).

Libyco-Berber letter R

r

Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).

Libyco-Berber letter Š (horizontal variant)

š

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Libyco-Berber letter Š (vertical variant)

š

Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).

Libyco-Berber letter T

t

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Libyco-Berber letter T₁ (horizontal variant)

t₁

Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1)

b

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter B.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2)

b

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter B.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag

g

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter G.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1)

d

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2)

ⴷ

d

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3)

d

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj

ⵊ

j

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz

ⵌ

zh

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Z.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1)

ż

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ż.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2)

ż

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ż.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ

ⴺ

ḍ

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi

ⵉ

y

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter I.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak

k

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter K.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal

l

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter L.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam

m

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter M.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan

ⵏ

n

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter N.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1)

s

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter S.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2)

ⵙ

s

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter S.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1)

f

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter F.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2)

f

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter F.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq

q

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Q.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1)

r

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter R.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2)

ⵔ

r

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter R.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac

š

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Š.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat

ⵜ

t

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter T.

Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁

t₁

Derived from Libyco-Berber letter T.