maˈtʼuww

Writing Scripts Descended from Egyptian Hieroglyphs

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Old Permic

𐍐𐍝𐍑𐍣‎𐍠

𐍮‎𐍐𐍕 𐍟𐍔𐍠𐍨𐍜 𐍒𐍙𐍕𐍞𐍜

Alphabet¹
1372 CE - 17 c. CE^1,2

Left-to-right^{citation needed}

Old_Permic

Languages¹

Komi and cryptographic Russian

Places^{citation needed}

Northern European Russia

Abecedary^1,3

Stephen of Perm, a Russian Orthodox missionary, created the Old Permic alphabet.

Old Permic letter An × Old Permic letter An 𐍐 𐍐𐍝 a а IPA: [a] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А).	Old Permic letter Bur × Old Permic letter Bur 𐍑 𐍑𐍣𐍠 b б IPA: [b] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).	Old Permic letter Gai × Old Permic letter Gai 𐍒 𐍒𐍐𐍙 g г IPA: [ɡ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Doi × Old Permic letter Doi 𐍓 𐍓𐍩𐍙 d г IPA: [d], [dʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).	Old Permic letter E × Old Permic letter E 𐍔 𐍔 e е, э IPA: [e̞] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.
Old Permic letter Zhoi × Old Permic letter Zhoi 𐍕 𐍕𐍩𐍙 zh ж IPA: [e̞] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Dzhoi × Old Permic letter Dzhoi 𐍕 𐍖𐍩𐍙 dzh дж IPA: [d͡ʐ] Likely derived from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Zata × Old Permic letter Zata 𐍗 𐍗𐍐𐍢𐍐 z з IPA: [z] Likely derived from early variant of Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (Ꙁ).	Old Permic letter Dzita × Old Permic letter Dzita 𐍘 𐍘𐍙𐍢𐍐 dz дз IPA: [d͡zʲ] Likely derived from reversed variant of Early Cyrillic letter Dzělo (Ꙅ).	Old Permic letter I × Old Permic letter I 𐍙 𐍙 i і, и, й IPA: [i], [j] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (І) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.
Old Permic letter Koke × Old Permic letter Koke 𐍚 𐍚𐍩𐍚𐍔 k к IPA: [k] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Old Permic letter Lei × Old Permic letter Lei 𐍛 𐍛𐍔𐍙 l л IPA: [l], [lʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Old Permic letter Menö × Old Permic letter Menö 𐍜 𐍜𐍔𐍝𐍩 m м IPA: [m] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Old Permic letter Nenö × Old Permic letter Nenö 𐍝 𐍝𐍔𐍝𐍩 n н IPA: [n], [nʲ] Likely derived from Greek letter Nu (minuscule) (ν) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Vôi × Old Permic letter Vôi 𐍞 𐍮𐍞𐍙 ô о̂ IPA: [o] Likely derived from Greek letter Heta (minuscule) (η). or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.
Old Permic letter Pei × Old Permic letter Pei 𐍟 𐍟𐍔𐍙 p п IPA: [p] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).	Old Permic letter Rei × Old Permic letter Rei 𐍠 𐍠𐍔𐍙 r р IPA: [r] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Old Permic letter Sii × Old Permic letter Sii 𐍡 𐍡𐍙𐍙 s с IPA: [s] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Tai × Old Permic letter Tai 𐍢 𐍢𐍐𐍙 t т IPA: [t], [tʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter U × Old Permic letter U 𐍣 𐍣 u у, в IPA: [u], [v] Likely derived from monograph variant of Early Cyrillic letter Ukŭ (Ꙋ).
Old Permic letter Chery × Old Permic letter Chery 𐍤 𐍤𐍔𐍠𐍧 ch тш, ч IPA: [t͡ʂ], [t͡sʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Fita (Ѳ).	Old Permic letter Shoi × Old Permic letter Shoi 𐍥 𐍥𐍩𐍙 sh ш IPA: [ʃ], [sʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ksi (Ѯ).	Old Permic letter Shchoi × Old Permic letter Shchoi 𐍦 𐍦𐍩𐍙 sh ш Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).	Old Permic letter Yry × Old Permic letter Yry 𐍧 𐍧𐍠𐍧 Y Ы IPA: [ɨ] Likely derived from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Ery × Old Permic letter Ery 𐍨 𐍔𐍠𐍧 𐍨 Ы Derived from either ligatures of Old Permic letters Er (𐍯) and I (𐍙), or Er' (𐍰) and I (𐍙).
Old Permic letter O × Old Permic letter O 𐍩 𐍩 o о, ӧ IPA: [o̞], [ə] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ).	Old Permic letter Oo/Omega × Old Permic letter Oo/Omega 𐍪 𐍪 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ).	Old Permic letter Ef × Old Permic letter Ef 𐍫 𐍔𐍫 f ф	Old Permic letter Ha × Old Permic letter Ha 𐍬 𐍬𐍐 h х	Old Permic letter Tsiu × Old Permic letter Tsiu 𐍭 𐍭𐍳 ts ц
Old Permic letter Vôi × Old Permic letter Vôi 𐍞 𐍮𐍞𐍙 ô о̂ IPA: [o] Likely derived from Greek letter Heta (minuscule) (η). or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.	Old Permic letter Er × Old Permic letter Er 𐍯 𐍔𐍠 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ).	Old Permic letter Er' × Old Permic letter Er' 𐍰 𐍔𐍠𐍰 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь).	Old Permic letter Jat' × Old Permic letter Er' 𐍱 𐍴𐍢𐍰 ě э̂ IPA: [e] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ětĭ (ѣ).	Old Permic letter E × Old Permic letter E 𐍲 𐍲 e е
Old Permic letter Ju × Old Permic letter Ju 𐍳 𐍳 𐍳 Ю Derived from either ligatures of Old Permic letters I (𐍙) and O (𐍩), or I (𐍙) and U (𐍣).	Old Permic letter Ja × Old Permic letter Ja 𐍴 𐍴 𐍴 Ꙗ Derived from either ligatures of Old Permic letters I (𐍙) and An (𐍐).	Old Permic letter Ia × Old Permic letter Ia 𐍵 𐍵 𐍵 Ѧ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ęsŭ (Ѧ).

Epigraphy⁴

OP_Epi01

The Zyryanskaya Trinity Icon (Зырянская Троица). 14. c. CE. Stephen of Perm. (Description in Russian - here).
Oldest known written record in Old Permic (see bottom).

Script comparison^1,3,5-8

Writing Script		Head of ox		House plan		Throw stick		Nile tilapia			Man with arms raised				Pear shaped mace				Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure		Heart and trachea		Arm with downward facing palm		Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra			Reed column		Eye		Mouth	Rush with shoots			Cord on stick	Head	Bow						Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet						Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Early Cyrillic (Parent)	Alphabet 893 CE - 18 c. CE	Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ А Азъ I (1st person pronoun) a IPA: [a] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Alpha (Α). Numerical value: 1 Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ Ъ Ѥръ ŭ, ъ IPA: [ŭ], [ʊ] Perhaps derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerъ (Ⱏ). Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ × Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ Ь Ѥрь ĭ, ь IPA: [ĭ], [ɪ] Perhaps derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь (Ⱐ).		Early Cyrillic letter Buky × Early Cyrillic letter Buky Б Боукꙑ letters b IPA: [b] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β).	Early Cyrillic letter Vědě × Early Cyrillic letter Vědě В Вѣдѣ know v IPA: [v] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Beta (Β). Numerical value: 2	Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli × Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli Г Глаголи speak g IPA: [g] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Gamma (Γ). Numerical value: 3		Early Cyrillic letter Dobro × Early Cyrillic letter Dobro Д Добро good d IPA: [d] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Delta (Δ). Numerical value: 4			Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ Є Єстъ is e IPA: [ɛ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Epsilon (Ε). Numerical value: 5				Early Cyrillic letter Ižica × Early Cyrillic letter Ižica Ѵ Ижица small yoke ü, v, ỳ IPA: [i], [y], [v] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Uspilon (Υ). Numerical value: 400				Early Cyrillic letter Dzělo (majuscule) × Early Cyrillic letter Dzělo (majuscule) Ꙃ Ꙃѣло very dz IPA: [dz] Derived from Greek minuscule letter Zeta (ζ). Numerical value: 6 Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja × Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja Ꙁ Ꙁємл҄ꙗ earth z IPA: [z] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Zeta (Ζ). Numerical value: 7	Early Cyrillic letter Iže × Early Cyrillic letter Iže И Ижє which i IPA: [i] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Heta (Η). Numerical value: 8		Early Cyrillic letter Fita × Early Cyrillic letter Fita Ѳ Фита θ, th, t, f IPA: [t], [θ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Theta (Θ). Numerical value: 9		Early Cyrillic letter I × Early Cyrillic letter I І И and i IPA: [i] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Iota (Ι). Numerical value: 10		Early Cyrillic letter Kako × Early Cyrillic letter Kako К Како as k IPA: [k] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Kappa (Κ). Numerical value: 20	Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije × Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije Л Людиѥ people l IPA: [l], [ʎ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Lambda (Λ). Numerical value: 30	Early Cyrillic letter Myslite × Early Cyrillic letter Myslite М Мꙑслитє think m IPA: [m] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Mu (Μ). Numerical value: 40	Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ × Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ Н Нашь ours n IPA: [n], [ɲ] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Nu (Ν). Numerical value: 50			Early Cyrillic letter Ksi × Early Cyrillic letter Ksi Ѯ Ѯи ks IPA: [ks] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Xi (Ξ). Numerical value: 60 Early Cyrillic letter Ci × Early Cyrillic letter Ci Ц Ци c IPA: [ts] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Ci (Ⱌ). Numerical value: 900		Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ О Онъ he/it o IPA: [o] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omicron (Ο). Numerical value: 70		Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi × Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi П Покои peace/calm p IPA: [p] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Pi (Π). Numerical value: 80	Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ × Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ Ч Чрьвь worm č IPA: [tʃ] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Črьvъ (Ⱍ). Numerical value: 90			Early Cyrillic letter Kopa × Early Cyrillic letter Kopa Ҁ Копа q Derived from Greek letter Koppa (Ϙ). Numerical value: 90	Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci × Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci Р Рьци say p IPA: [p] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Rho (Ρ). Numerical value: 100	Early Cyrillic letter Slovo × Early Cyrillic letter Slovo С Слово word/speech s IPA: [s] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Sigma (Ϲ). Numerical value: 200 Early Cyrillic letter Živěte × Early Cyrillic letter Živěte Ж Живѣтє live zh IPA: [ʒ] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Živěte (Ⰶ). Early Cyrillic letter Ša × Early Cyrillic letter Ša Ш Ша š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Rounded Glagolitic letter Ša (Ⱎ).						Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo × Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo Т Тврьдо hard/surely t IPA: [t] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Tau (Τ). Numerical value: 300		Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ Ф Фрьтъ f IPA: [f], [p] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Phi (Φ). Numerical value: 500	Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ Х Хѣръ kh IPA: [x] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Chi (Χ). Numerical value: 600									Early Cyrillic letter Psi × Early Cyrillic letter Psi Ѱ Ѱи ps IPA: [ps] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Psi (Ψ). Numerical value: 700	Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ × Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ Ѡ Отъ from ō, w, o, ô IPA: [o] Derived from Slavonic Greek Uncial letter Omega (Ѡ). Numerical value: 800
Modern Cyrillic (Sibling)	Alphabet 18 c. CE - Present	Modern Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) А А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Modern Cyrillic letter A (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter A (minuscule) а А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (majuscule) Ъ IPA: /ɤ̞/,/ə/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ). Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Hard Sign (minuscule) ъ IPA: /ɤ̞/,/ə/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ). Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (majuscule) Ь IPA: /ʲ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь). Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic Soft Sign (minuscule) ь IPA: /ʲ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь).		Modern Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) Б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Buky (Б). Modern Cyrillic letter Be (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Be (minuscule) б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Buky (Б).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) В Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Vědě (В). Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule) в Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Vědě (В).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) Г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г). Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule) г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г).		Modern Cyrillic letter De (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter De (majuscule) Д Де d IPA: /d/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д). Modern Cyrillic letter De (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter De (minuscule) д Де d IPA: /d/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).			Modern Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) Е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є). Modern Cyrillic letter E (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter E (minuscule) е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є).				Modern Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) У У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ukŭ (Оу), with the "О" later removed. Modern Cyrillic letter U (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter U (minuscule) У У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter U (У).				Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) З Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (З). Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) з Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (З).	Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) И И i IPA: /i/, /ʲi/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Iže (И). Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) и И i IPA: /i/, /ʲi/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Iže (И).	Modern Cyrillic letter short I (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter short I (majuscule) Й j IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (И). Modern Cyrillic letter short I (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter short I (minuscule) й j IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (и).			Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) І І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (І). Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) і І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (і).	Modern Cyrillic letter Je (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Je (majuscule) Ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Latin letter J (majuscule) (J). Modern Cyrillic letter Je (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Je (minuscule) ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Latin letter J (minuscule) (j).	Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) К Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К). Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule) к Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Modern Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) Л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л). Modern Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Modern Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) М Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М). Modern Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule) м Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Modern Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) Н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ (Н). Modern Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ (Н).			Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (majuscule) Ц Це c IPA: /ts/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ci (Ц). Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ce (minuscule) ц Це c IPA: /ts/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ci (Ц).		Modern Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) О О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ (О). Modern Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) о О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ (О).		Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) П Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П). Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule) п Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).	Modern Cyrillic letter Če (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Če (majuscule) Ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ (Ч). Modern Cyrillic letter Če (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Če (minuscule) ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ (Ч).				Modern Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) Р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р). Modern Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule) р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Modern Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) С Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С). Modern Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) с Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С). Modern Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) Ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж). Modern Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж). Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (majuscule) Ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш). Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ša (minuscule) ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).						Modern Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) Т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т). Modern Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т).		Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (majuscule) Ф Еф f IPA: [f] Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф). Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Ef (minuscule) ф Еф f IPA: [f] Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).	Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (majuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (majuscule) Х Ха kh IPA: /x/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ (Х). Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (minuscule) × Modern Cyrillic letter Kha (minuscule) х Ха kh IPA: /x/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ (Х).
Bosančica	Alphabet 11 c. CE - 19 c. CE	Bosančica letter A × Bosančica letter A A А IPA: /a/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Bosančica Soft Sign × Bosančica Soft Sign ъ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ).		Bosančica letter B × Bosančica letter B B Б IPA: /b/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Buky (Б).		Bosančica letter G × Bosančica letter G G Г IPA: /g/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г).		Bosančica letter D × Bosančica letter D D Д IPA: /d/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).			Bosančica letter E × Bosančica letter E E Е IPA: /ɛ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є).								Bosančica letter Z × Bosančica letter Z Z З IPA: /z/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (З).	Bosančica letter I × Bosančica letter I I И IPA: /i/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Iže (И).				Bosančica letter I × Bosančica letter I I І IPA: /j/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (И).		Bosančica letter K × Bosančica letter K K К IPA: /k/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Bosančica letter L × Bosančica letter L L Л IPA: /l/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Bosančica letter M × Bosančica letter M M М IPA: /m/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Bosančica letter N × Bosančica letter N N Н IPA: /n/ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Našĭ (Н) or Greek letter Nu (majuscule) (Ν).			Bosančica letter C × Bosančica letter C C Ц IPA: /ts/ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ci (Ц).		Bosančica letter O × Bosančica letter O O О IPA: /ɔ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Onŭ (О).		Bosančica letter P × Bosančica letter P P П IPA: /p/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).	Bosančica letter Č × Bosančica letter Č Č Ч IPA: /tʃ/ Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Črĭvĭ (Ч).				Bosančica letter R × Bosančica letter R R Р IPA: /ɾ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Bosančica letter S × Bosančica letter S S С IPA: /s/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С). Bosančica letter Ž × Bosančica letter Ž Ž Ж IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж). Bosančica letter Š × Bosančica letter Š Š Ш IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).						Bosančica letter T × Bosančica letter T T Т IPA: /t/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т).		Bosančica letter F × Bosančica letter F F Ф IPA: /f/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).	Bosančica letter H × Bosančica letter H H Х IPA: /x/ Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Xěrŭ (Х).										Bosančica letter Ot × Bosančica letter Ot Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ).
Molodtsov (Sibling)	Alphabet 1918 CE - 1931 CE	Molodtsov letter A (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter A (majuscule) А А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) (А). Molodtsov letter A (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter A (minuscule) а А a IPA: /a/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter A (minuscule) (а).		Molodtsov letter Be (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Be (majuscule) Б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) (Б). Molodtsov letter Be (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Be (minuscule) б Бе b IPA: /b/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Buky (minuscule) (б).	Molodtsov letter Ve (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ve (majuscule) В Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) (В). Molodtsov letter Ve (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ve (minuscule) в Ве v IPA: /v/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule) (в).	Molodtsov letter Ge (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ge (majuscule) Г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) (Г). Molodtsov letter Ge (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ge (minuscule) г Ге g IPA: /g/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule) (г).		Molodtsov letter De (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter De (majuscule) Ԁ Ԁе d IPA: /d/ Likely derived from Latin letter D (minuscule) (d). Molodtsov letter De (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter De (minuscule) ԁ Ԁе d IPA: /d/ Likely derived from Latin letter D (minuscule) (d).			Molodtsov letter E (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter E (majuscule) Е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) (Е). Molodtsov letter E (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter E (minuscule) е Е e IPA: /je/, /ʲe/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter E (minuscule) (е).				Molodtsov letter U (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter U (majuscule) У У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) (У). Molodtsov letter U (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter U (minuscule) у У u IPA: /u/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter U (minuscule) (у).				Molodtsov letter Ze (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ze (majuscule) З Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) (З). Molodtsov letter Ze (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ze (minuscule) з Зе z IPA: /z/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) (з). Molodtsov letter Zje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Zje (majuscule) Ԅ Ԅе zj IPA: /ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) (З). Molodtsov letter Zje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Zje (minuscule) ԅ Ԅе zj IPA: /ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) (з). Molodtsov letter Dze (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dze (majuscule) Ԇ Ԇе dz IPA: /d͡ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) (З). Molodtsov letter Dze (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dze (minuscule) ԇ Ԇе dz IPA: /d͡ʑ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule) (з).					Molodtsov letter I (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter I (majuscule) І І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) (І). Molodtsov letter I (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter I (minuscule) і І i IPA: /i/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter I (minuscule) (і).	Molodtsov letter Je (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Je (majuscule) Ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter J (majuscule) (Ј). Molodtsov letter Je (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Je (minuscule) ј Је j IPA: /j/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter J (minuscule) (ј).	Molodtsov letter Ka (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ka (majuscule) К Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) (К). Molodtsov letter Ka (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ka (minuscule) к Ка k IPA: /k/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule) (к).	Molodtsov letter El (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter El (majuscule) Л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) (Л). Molodtsov letter El (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter El (minuscule) л Ел l IPA: /l/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) (л). Molodtsov letter Lje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Lje (majuscule) Ԉ Ԉе lj IPA: /ʎ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) (Л). Molodtsov letter Lje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Lje (minuscule) ԉ Ԉе lj IPA: /ʎ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter El (minuscule) (л).	Molodtsov letter Em (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Em (majuscule) М Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) (М). Molodtsov letter Em (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Em (minuscule) м Ем m IPA: /m/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule) (м).	Molodtsov letter En (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter En (majuscule) Н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) (Н). Molodtsov letter En (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter En (minuscule) н Ен n IPA: /n/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) (н). Molodtsov letter Nje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Nje (majuscule) Н Ԋе nj IPA: /ɲ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) (Н). Molodtsov letter Nje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Nje (minuscule) ԋ Ԋе nj IPA: /ɲ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter En (minuscule) (н).					Molodtsov letter O (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter O (majuscule) О О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) (О). Molodtsov letter O (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter O (minuscule) о О o IPA: /o/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) (о). Molodtsov letter Ö (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ö (majuscule) Ӧ Ӧ ӧ IPA: /ɘ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) (О). Molodtsov letter Ö (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ö (minuscule) ӧ Ӧ ӧ IPA: /ɘ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter O (minuscule) (о).		Molodtsov letter Pe (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Pe (majuscule) П Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) (П). Molodtsov letter Pe (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Pe (minuscule) п Пе p IPA: /p/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule) (п).	Molodtsov letter Če (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Če (majuscule) Ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Če (majuscule) (Ч). Molodtsov letter Če (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Če (minuscule) ч Че č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Če (minuscule) (ч).				Molodtsov letter Er (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Er (majuscule) Р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) (Р). Molodtsov letter Er (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Er (minuscule) р Ер r IPA: /r/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule) (р).	Molodtsov letter Es (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Es (majuscule) С Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) (С). Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) с Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) (с). Molodtsov letter Sje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Sje (majuscule) Ԍ Ԍе sj IPA: /ɕ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) (С). Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule) с Ес s IPA: /s/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule) (с). Molodtsov letter Že (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Že (majuscule) Ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) (Ж). Molodtsov letter Že (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Že (minuscule) ж Же zh IPA: /ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) (ж). Molodtsov letter Dže (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dže (majuscule) Җ Җе dzh IPA: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (majuscule) (Ж). Molodtsov letter Dže (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Dže (minuscule) җ Җе dzh IPA: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Že (minuscule) (ж). Molodtsov letter Ša (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ša (majuscule) Ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ša (majuscule) (Ш). Molodtsov letter Ša (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Ša (minuscule) ш Ша š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Ša (minuscule) (ш).						Molodtsov letter Te (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Te (majuscule) Т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) (Т). Molodtsov letter Te (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Te (minuscule) т Те t IPA: /t/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) (т). Molodtsov letter Tje (majuscule) × Molodtsov letter Tje (majuscule) Ԏ Ԏе tj IPA: /c/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) (Т). Molodtsov letter Tje (minuscule) × Molodtsov letter Tje (minuscule) ԏ Ԏе tj IPA: /c/ Derived from Russian Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule) (т).
Old Permic	Alphabet 1372 CE - 17 c. CE	Old Permic letter An × Old Permic letter An 𐍐 𐍐𐍝 a а IPA: [a] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Azŭ (А). Old Permic letter Er × Old Permic letter Er 𐍯 𐍔𐍠 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerŭ (Ъ). Old Permic letter Er' × Old Permic letter Er' 𐍰 𐍔𐍠𐍰 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Jerĭ (Ь).			Old Permic letter Ver × Old Permic letter Ver 𐍮 𐍮𐍔𐍠 v в IPA: [v] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Vědě (В).	Old Permic letter Gai × Old Permic letter Gai 𐍒 𐍒𐍐𐍙 g г IPA: [ɡ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli (Г) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Doi × Old Permic letter Doi 𐍓 𐍓𐍩𐍙 d г IPA: [d], [dʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Dobro (Д).			Old Permic letter E × Old Permic letter E 𐍔 𐍔 e е, э IPA: [e̞] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Estŭ (Є) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.								Old Permic letter Zata × Old Permic letter Zata 𐍗 𐍗𐍐𐍢𐍐 z з IPA: [z] Likely derived from early variant of Early Cyrillic letter Zemlja (Ꙁ).	Old Permic letter Vôi × Old Permic letter Vôi 𐍞 𐍮𐍞𐍙 ô о̂ IPA: [o] Likely derived from Greek letter Heta (minuscule) (η). or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Chery × Old Permic letter Chery 𐍤 𐍤𐍔𐍠𐍧 ch тш, ч IPA: [t͡ʂ], [t͡sʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Fita (Ѳ).		Old Permic letter I × Old Permic letter I 𐍙 𐍙 i і, и, й IPA: [i], [j] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter I (І) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Koke × Old Permic letter Koke 𐍚 𐍚𐍩𐍚𐍔 k к IPA: [k] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Kako (К).	Old Permic letter Lei × Old Permic letter Lei 𐍛 𐍛𐍔𐍙 l л IPA: [l], [lʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ljudije (Л).	Old Permic letter Menö × Old Permic letter Menö 𐍜 𐍜𐍔𐍝𐍩 m м IPA: [m] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Myslite (М).	Old Permic letter Nenö × Old Permic letter Nenö 𐍝 𐍝𐍔𐍝𐍩 n н IPA: [n], [nʲ] Likely derived from Greek letter Nu (minuscule) (ν) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.			Old Permic letter Shoi × Old Permic letter Shoi 𐍥 𐍥𐍩𐍙 sh ш IPA: [ʃ], [sʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ksi (Ѯ).				Old Permic letter Pei × Old Permic letter Pei 𐍟 𐍟𐍔𐍙 p п IPA: [p] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi (П).					Old Permic letter Rei × Old Permic letter Rei 𐍠 𐍠𐍔𐍙 r р IPA: [r] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Rĭci (Р).	Old Permic letter Sii × Old Permic letter Sii 𐍡 𐍡𐍙𐍙 s с IPA: [s] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Slovo (С) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs. Old Permic letter Zhoi × Old Permic letter Zhoi 𐍕 𐍕𐍩𐍙 zh ж IPA: [e̞] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Živěte (Ж) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs. Old Permic letter Shchoi × Old Permic letter Shchoi 𐍦 𐍦𐍩𐍙 sh ш Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Ša (Ш).						Old Permic letter Tai × Old Permic letter Tai 𐍢 𐍢𐍐𐍙 t т IPA: [t], [tʲ] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Tvrĭdo (Т) or from Komi "Rödvužpas" tamga signs.		Old Permic letter Bur × Old Permic letter Bur 𐍑 𐍑𐍣𐍠 b б IPA: [b] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Frĭtŭ (Ф).											Old Permic letter O × Old Permic letter O 𐍩 𐍩 o о, ӧ IPA: [o̞], [ə] Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ). Old Permic letter Oo/Omega × Old Permic letter Oo/Omega 𐍪 𐍪 Likely derived from Early Cyrillic letter Otŭ (Ѡ).

Lineage^1,2,8-14

Egyptian Hieroglyphs
↳Hieratic Egyptian
↳Proto-Sinaitic
↳Phoenician
↳Archaic Greek
↳Classical Greek Capitals
↳Hellenistic Greek Capitals
↳Ptolemaic Greek Uncials
↳Roman Greek Uncials
↳Byzantine Greek Uncials
↳Sloping Greek Uncials
↳Slavonic Greek Uncials (selected letters)
↳Early Cyrillic
↳Bosančica
↳Old Permic
↳Modern Cyrillic
↳Molodtsov
↳Old Permic

References

1. Everson, M. (2012, April 26). Revised proposal for encoding the Old Permic script in the SMP of the UCS. Unicode.org. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12137-n4263-permic.pdf
2. Савваитов, П. И. (1873). О Зырянских деревянных календарях и о Пермской Азбуке, изобретенной святым Стефаном.
3. Лыткин, В. И. (1952) Древнепермский язык. Чтение текстов, грамматика, словарь. — М. : Издательство Академии Наук СССР.
4. Троица (Зырянская). (n.d.). Pstgu.Ru. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from https://icons.pstgu.ru/icon/2555
5. Colless, Brian E (1990). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Sinai". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 28: 1–52. doi:10.2143/anes.28.0.525711
6. Colless, Brian E (1991). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Canaan". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 29: 18–66. doi:10.2143/anes.29.0.525718
7. bosančica. (n.d.). Hrvatska enciklopedija. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from https://enciklopedija.hr/clanak/bosancica
8. Федюнева, Г. В. (1998). Коми язык: энциклопедия. Dik.
9. Allen, J. P. (2014). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
10. Albright, William F. (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment.
11. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/
12. Woodard, R. D. (2013). A companion to the ancient Greek language (E. J. Bakker, Ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
13. Jeffery, L. H. (1990). The local scripts of archaic Greece: A study of the origin of the Greek alphabet and its development from the eighth to the fifth centuries BC. Clarendon Press.
14. Bakker, E. J. (Ed.). (2010). A companion to the ancient Greek language: Bakker/A companion to the ancient Greek language. Wiley-Blackwell. 