Book Pahlavi

Abecedary^1,2

Isolated

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Beth (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh (isolated)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter He (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Zayin (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (isolated)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (isolated)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (isolated)

Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Pe (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Shin (isolated)

Book Pahlavi letter Taw (isolated)

Initial

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 1 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 1 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Zayin variant 1 (initial)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 1 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (initial)

Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Shin (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 2 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 2 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Zayin variant 2 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 2 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 3 (initial)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 3 (initial)

Medial

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 1 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 1 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 1 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (medial)

Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Shin (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 2 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 2 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 2 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth variant 3 (medial)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh variant 3 (medial)

Final

Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Beth (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh (final)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth (final)

Book Pahlavi letter He (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Zayin (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Kaph variant 1 (final)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh (final)

Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (final)

Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Pe variant 1 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Shin (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Taw (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Kaph variant 2 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh variant 1 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh variant 2 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Pe variant 2 (final)

Book Pahlavi letter Pe variant 3 (final)

Writing Script		Head of ox	House plan	Throw stick	Nile tilapia	Man with arms raised	Pear shaped mace	Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure	Heart and trachea	Arm with downward facing palm	Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra	Reed column	Eye	Mouth	Rush with shoots	Cord on stick	Head	Bow	Crossed sticks
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”
Inscriptional Pahlavi (Parent)	Abjad 3 c. CE - 6 c. CE	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph 𐭠 𐭠𐭋𐭐 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph (𐭀).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth 𐭡 𐭡𐭕 b IPA: /b/, /w/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth (𐭁).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel 𐭢 𐭢𐭌𐭋 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel (𐭂).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth 𐭣 𐭣𐭫𐭲 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth (𐭃).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He 𐭤 𐭤 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter He (𐭄).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐭥 w, ʿ, r IPA: /u/, /o/, /v/, /ʕ/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw (𐭅).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin 𐭦 𐭦𐭩𐭭 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin (𐭆).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth 𐭧 𐭧𐭲 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth (𐭇).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth 𐭨 𐭨𐭲 t IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth (𐭈).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh 𐭩 𐭩𐭣 j IPA: /j/, /eː/, /iː/, /d̠͡ʒ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh (𐭉).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph 𐭪 𐭪𐭯 k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph (𐭊).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh 𐭫 𐭫𐭬𐭣 l IPA: /l/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph 𐭬 m, q IPA: /m/, /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem (𐭌).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun 𐭭 𐭭𐭭 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun (𐭍).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh 𐭮 𐭮𐭬𐭪 s IPA: /s/, /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh (𐭎).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe 𐭯 𐭯 p IPA: /p/, /b/, /f/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe (𐭐).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe 𐭰 𐭰𐭣 s IPA: /t̠͡ʃ/, /d̠͡ʒ/, /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe (𐭑).			Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin 𐭱 𐭱𐭭 sh IPA: /ʃ// Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Shīn (𐭔).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw 𐭲 𐭲𐭥 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw (𐭕).
Psalter Pahlavi (Sibling)	Abjad Mid 6 c. CE - 7 c. CE	Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph 𐮀 𐮀𐮊𐮎 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph (𐭠).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth 𐮁 𐮁𐮑 b IPA: /b/, /w/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth (𐭡).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel × Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel 𐮂 𐮂𐮋𐮊 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel (𐭢).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth 𐮃 𐮃𐮊𐮑 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth (𐭣).	Psalter Pahlavi letter He × Psalter Pahlavi letter He 𐮄 𐮄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He (𐭤).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐮅 w, ʿ, r IPA: /u/, /o/, /v/, /ʕ/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin × Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin 𐮆 𐮆𐮈𐮌 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin (𐭆).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth 𐮇 𐮇𐮑 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth (𐭇).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh 𐮈 𐮈𐮃 j IPA: /j/, /eː/, /iː/, /d̠͡ʒ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭉).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph 𐮉 𐮉𐮎 k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh 𐮊 𐮊𐮋𐮃 l IPA: /l/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph 𐮋 m, q IPA: /m/, /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem (𐭌).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun × Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun 𐮌 𐮌𐮌 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun (𐭍).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh 𐮍 𐮍𐮋𐮉 s IPA: /s/, /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe × Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe 𐮎 𐮎 p IPA: /p/, /b/, /f/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe (𐭐).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe 𐮏 𐮏𐮃 s IPA: /t̠͡ʃ/, /d̠͡ʒ/, /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe (𐭑).			Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin × Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin 𐮐 𐮐𐮌 sh IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin (𐭔).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw × Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw 𐮑 𐮑𐮅 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw (𐭕).
Book Pahlavi	Abjad 5 c. CE - Present	Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth × Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth ʾ, h, x Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph (𐭠).	Book Pahlavi letter Beth × Book Pahlavi letter Beth b Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth (𐭡).	Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh × Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh g, d, y Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel (𐭢).	Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth × Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth d Used in historical spellings. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth (𐭣).	Book Pahlavi letter He × Book Pahlavi letter He h Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He (𐭤).	Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh × Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh w, n, ʿ, r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).	Book Pahlavi letter Zayin × Book Pahlavi letter Zayin z Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin (𐭆).				Book Pahlavi letter Kaph × Book Pahlavi letter Kaph k Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊). Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph × Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph k Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊).	Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh × Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh × Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh l, r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh × Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh l Used in Aramaic heterograms. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh × Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh l Used in Aramaic heterograms. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph m, q Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem (𐭌).		Book Pahlavi letter Samekh × Book Pahlavi letter Samekh s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎). Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh × Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎).		Book Pahlavi letter Pe × Book Pahlavi letter Pe p Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe (𐭐).	Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe (𐭑).			Book Pahlavi letter Shin × Book Pahlavi letter Shin sh Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin (𐭔).	Book Pahlavi letter Taw × Book Pahlavi letter Taw t Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw (𐭕).
Avestan (Child)	Alphabet 5/6 c. CE - Present	Avestan letter A × Avestan letter A 𐬀 a IPA: /a/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth.	Avestan letter Be × Avestan letter Be 𐬠 b IPA: /b/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Beth.		Avestan letter De × Avestan letter De 𐬛 d IPA: /d/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh.		Avestan letter Ne × Avestan letter Ne 𐬥 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter I × Avestan letter I 𐬌 i IPA: /ɪ/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter Re × Avestan letter Re 𐬭 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter Ae × Avestan letter Ae 𐬆 ə IPA: /ə/ Derived from Cursive Greek letter Epsilon (ε)..	Avestan letter Ze × Avestan letter Ze 𐬰 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Zayin.				Avestan letter Ke × Avestan letter Ke 𐬐 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Kaph. Avestan letter Ghe × Avestan letter Ghe 𐬖 γ IPA: /ɣ/ Resembles Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐮉)..		Avestan letter Me × Avestan letter Me 𐬨 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph.		Avestan letter Se × Avestan letter Se 𐬯 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Samekh.		Avestan letter Pe × Avestan letter Pe 𐬞 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Pe.				Avestan letter She × Avestan letter She 𐬱 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Shin.	Avestan letter Te × Avestan letter Te 𐬙 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Taw.