Oirat Mongolian
Dzungaria, East Turkestan and Kalmykia, European Russia
Zaya Panditga Oktorguin Dalai, an Oirat Mongolian Tibetan Buddhist monk, developed the Oirat script for writing Oirat Mongolian and transcribing Sanskrit and Tibetan.
Initial |
![]() Oirat letter A (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter E (initial)
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Oirat letter E (initial)ᡄ᠊e
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![]() Oirat letter I (initial)
×
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![]() Oirat letter O (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter U (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ö (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ü (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ā (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ē (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ii (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ō (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Üü (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ȫ (initial)
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Oirat letter Ȫ (initial)ᡈᡃ᠊ȫ
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![]() Oirat letter Üü (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter N (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter B (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter X (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter ɣ (initial)
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Oirat letter ɣ (initial)ᡎ᠊ɣ
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![]() Oirat letter G (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter K (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter M (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter L (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter R (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter D (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter T (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Y (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Z (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter J̌ (initial)
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Oirat letter J̌ (initial)ᡓ᠊ǰ
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![]() Oirat letter C (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter S (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Š (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter F (initial)
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Oirat letter F (initial)ᡌ᠊f
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![]() Oirat letter H (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter G (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter K (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter J (initial)
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Oirat letter J (initial)ᡚ᠊j |
![]() Oirat letter J (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter T (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ź (initial)
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Oirat letter Ź (initial)ᢙ᠊ź |
![]() Oirat letter W (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter V (initial)
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Medial |
![]() Oirat letter A (medial)
×
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![]() Oirat letter E (medial)
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Oirat letter E (medial)᠊ᡄ᠋᠊e
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![]() Oirat letter I (medial)
×
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![]() Oirat letter O (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter U (medial)
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Oirat letter U (undotted medial)᠊ᡇ᠋᠊u
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![]() Oirat letter Ö (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ü (medial)
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Oirat letter Ü (medial)᠊ᡉ᠊ü
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![]() Oirat letter Ā (medial)
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Oirat letter Ā (medial)᠊ᠠᡃ᠊ā
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![]() Oirat letter Ē (medial)
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Oirat letter Ē (medial)᠊ᡄᡃ᠋᠊ē
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![]() Oirat letter Ii (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ō (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Uu (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ȫ (medial)
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Oirat letter Ȫ (medial)᠊ᡈᡃ᠊ȫ
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![]() Oirat letter Üü (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter N (dotted medial)
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Oirat letter N (dotted medial)᠊ᠨ᠋᠊n
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![]() Oirat letter B (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter X (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter ɣ (medial)
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Oirat letter ɣ (medial)᠊᠊ᡎ᠊ɣ
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![]() Oirat letter G (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter K (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Q (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter M (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter L (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter R (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter D (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter T (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Y (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Z (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter J̌ (medial)
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Oirat letter J̌ (medial)᠊ᡓ᠊ǰ
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![]() Oirat letter C (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter S (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Š (medial)
×
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![]() Oirat letter Ng (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter F (medial)
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Oirat letter F (medial)᠊ᡌ᠊f
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![]() Oirat letter H (medial)
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Oirat letter H (medial)᠊ᡙ᠊h |
![]() Oirat letter G (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter K (initial)
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![]() Oirat letter J (medial)
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Oirat letter J (medial)᠊ᡚ᠊j |
![]() Oirat letter Ñ (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter J (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter T (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter Ź (medial)
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Oirat letter Ź (medial)᠊ᢙ᠊ź |
![]() Oirat letter W (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter V (medial)
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![]() Oirat letter N (undotted medial)
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Oirat letter N (undotted medial)᠊ᠨ᠊n
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Final |
![]() Oirat letter A (right-swinging final)
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Oirat letter A (right-swinging final)᠊ᠠa
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![]() Oirat letter E (final)
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Oirat letter E (final)᠊ᡄ᠋e
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![]() Oirat letter I (final)
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![]() Oirat letter O (final)
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![]() Oirat letter U (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ö (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ü (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ē (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ii (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ō (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Uu (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ȫ (final)
×
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![]() Oirat letter Üü (final)
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![]() Oirat letter N (final)
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![]() Oirat letter B (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Q (final)
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![]() Oirat letter M (final)
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![]() Oirat letter L (final)
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![]() Oirat letter R (final)
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![]() Oirat letter D (final)
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![]() Oirat letter S (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Š (final)
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![]() Oirat letter Ng (final)
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![]() Oirat letter G (final)
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![]() Oirat letter T (final)
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![]() Oirat letter W (final)
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![]() Oirat letter V (final)
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![]() Oirat letter A (left-swinging final)
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Oirat letter A (left-swinging final)Used after ligated forms.
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Collection of ritual texts composed by the Fourth Panchen Lama. 17th c. CE, paper, ink. Fragment of folio 59 recto, Shelfmark Mong. K 38; IOM, RAS.
(Description - here)
Writing Script | Head of ox | House plan | Throw stick | Pear shaped mace | Two diagonal strokes | Plan of rectangular enclosure | Arm with downward facing palm | Hand | Crook | Water ripple | Cobra | Reed column | Mouth | Rush with shoots | Head | Bow | Crossed sticks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Logography |
![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1𓃾Head of Ox
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1𓉐House plan
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14𓌙Throw stick
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3𓌉Pear shaped mace
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4𓏭Two diagonal strokes
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6𓉗Plan of rectangular enclosure
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42𓂣Arm with downward facing palm
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46𓂧Hand
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39𓋿Crook
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35𓈖Water ripple
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10𓆓Cobra
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11𓊽Reed column
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21𓂋Mouth
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22𓇑Rush with roots
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1𓁶Head
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a𓌓Bow
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![]() Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9
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Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9𓏴Crossed sticks
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Mongolian (Parent) | Alphabet |
![]() Mongolian letter E
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Mongolian letter Eᠡe
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![]() Mongolian letter Q/K
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Mongolian letter Q/Kᠬq/k
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![]() Mongolian letter ɣ/G
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Mongolian letter ɣ/Gᠭɣ/g
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![]() Mongolian letter J
×
Mongolian letter Jᠵj
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![]() Mongolian letter K
×
Mongolian letter Kk
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![]() Mongolian letter D
×
Mongolian letter Dᠳd
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![]() Mongolian letter M
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Mongolian letter Mᠮm
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![]() Mongolian letter N
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Mongolian letter Nᠨn
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![]() Mongolian letter S
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Mongolian letter Sᠰs
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![]() Mongolian letter B
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Mongolian letter Bᠪb
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![]() Mongolian letter Ch
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Mongolian letter Chᠴch
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![]() Mongolian letter R
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Mongolian letter Rᠷr
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![]() Mongolian letter Sh
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Mongolian letter Shᠱsh
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![]() Mongolian letter T
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Mongolian letter Tᠲt
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Galik (Sibling) | Alphabet |
![]() Galik letter A
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![]() Galik letter E
![]() Galik letter Wa
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![]() Galik letter Ya
![]() Galik letter Ca
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![]() Galik letter Ka
![]() Galik letter Kha
![]() Galik letter Ga
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![]() Galik letter Ta
![]() Galik letter Da
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![]() Galik letter Ma
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![]() Galik letter Na
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![]() Galik letter Sa
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![]() Galik letter Ba
![]() Galik letter Pha
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![]() Galik letter Cha
![]() Galik letter Tša
![]() Galik letter Tšha
![]() Galik letter Dža
![]() Galik letter Za
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![]() Galik letter Ra
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![]() Galik letter Śa
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![]() Galik letter Tha
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Manchu (Sibling) | Alphabet |
![]() Manchu letter E
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![]() Manchu letter V
![]() Manchu letter F (variant 1)
×
Manchu letter F (variant 1)ᡶ᠋Used before I, O, U, and Ū
![]() Manchu letter F (variant 2)
×
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![]() Manchu letter K
![]() Manchu letter G
![]() Manchu letter H
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![]() Manchu letter J
![]() Manchu letter J'
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![]() Manchu letter K'
×
Manchu letter K'ᠺUsed before A and O for Chinese K.
![]() Manchu letter G
![]() Manchu letter H
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![]() Manchu letter T (medial)
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Manchu letter T (medial)᠊ᡨ᠋᠊Used before A, O, Ū, and I.
![]() Manchu letter T (medial)
×
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![]() Manchu letter M
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![]() Manchu letter N
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![]() Manchu letter S
![]() Manchu letter Ts'
![]() Manchu letter Dz
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![]() Manchu letter B
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![]() Manchu letter C
![]() Manchu letter C'
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![]() Manchu letter R
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![]() Manchu letter Sh
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![]() Manchu letter T (initial)
![]() Manchu letter T (initial)
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Vagindra (Sibling) | Alphabet |
![]() Vagindra letter E
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![]() Vagindra letter W
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![]() Vagindra letter Y
![]() Vagindra letter Z
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![]() Vagindra letter G
![]() Vagindra letter K/X
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![]() Vagindra letter D
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![]() Vagindra letter M
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![]() Vagindra letter N
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![]() Vagindra letter S
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![]() Vagindra letter B
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![]() Vagindra letter C
![]() Vagindra letter Ch
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![]() Vagindra letter R
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![]() Vagindra letter Sh
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![]() Vagindra letter T
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Oirat | Alphabet |
![]() Oirat letter V
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![]() Oirat letter X/K
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![]() Oirat letter J
![]() Oirat letter C
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![]() Oirat letter G
![]() Oirat letter K
![]() Oirat letter K
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![]() Oirat letter D
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![]() Oirat letter M
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![]() Oirat letter N
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![]() Oirat letter S
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![]() Oirat letter B
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![]() Oirat letter Z
![]() Oirat letter Dz
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![]() Oirat letter R
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![]() Oirat letter Sh
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![]() Oirat letter T
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1. Daniels, P. T., & Bright, W. (Eds.). (1996). The world’s writing systems. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2. Tod / Oirat / Old Kalmyk. (n.d.). Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/kalmyk.pdf
3 Yampolskaya, N. V. (2022). Intermixture of Mongolian and Oirat in 17th Century Manuscripts. Nstitute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8(1), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.55512/wmo106173
4. Alternative presentations of the Mongolian script. (n.d.). Cjvlang.com. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/mongolalphaalt.html
5. Schmidt, I. J. (2022). Grammatik Der Mongolischen Sprache. Legare Street Press.
6. Colless, Brian E (1990). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Sinai". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 28: 1–52. doi:10.2143/anes.28.0.525711
7. Colless, Brian E (1991). "The proto-alphabetic inscriptions of Canaan". Abr-Nahrain / Ancient Near Eastern Studies. 29: 18–66. doi:10.2143/anes.29.0.525718
8. Buryat alphabet, pronunciation and language. (n.d.). Omniglot.com. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from https://www.omniglot.com/writing/buryat.htm
9. Allen, J. P. (2014). Middle Egyptian: An introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
10. Albright, William F. (1966). The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Decipherment.
11. Davidson, L. (2022, March 18). How the Phoenician Alphabet Revolutionised Language. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from historyhit.com website: https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-phoenician-alphabet-revolutionised-language/
12. Shaked, Saul (1987). "Aramaic". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. 2. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 250–261. p. 251
13. Pandey, A. (2016). Proposal to encode the Old Sogdian script in Unicode. Retrieved May 16, 2025, from unicode.org website: https://unicode.org/L2/L2016/16312r-old-sogdian.pdf
14. Pandey, A. (2020). Final proposal to encode Old Uyghur in Unicode. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20191-old-uyghur.pdf
15. Poppe, N. N. (1991). Grammar of written Mongolian: Text in Roman and Mongolian script (4th ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.