Carpathian Basin
Rovash

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1

𓃾

Head of Ox

Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: ka

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1

𓉐

House plan

Phonogram pr for: pr “house”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: per

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14

𓌙

Throw stick

Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/
Conventional Anglicisation: qema

Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/
Conventional Anglicisation: aam

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1

𓆛

Bulti fish

Phonogram in for: int “bulti”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28

𓀠

Man with arms raised

Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3

𓌉

Pear shaped mace

Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4

𓏭

Two diagonal strokes

Determinative for duality

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6

𓉗

Plan of rectangular enclosure

Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: hut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35

𓄤

Heart and windpipe

Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/
Conventional Anglicisation: nefer

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42

𓂣

Arm with downward facing palm

Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/
Conventional Anglicisation: meh

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46

𓂧

Hand

Phonogram d
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/

Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: djeret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39

𓋿

Crook

Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/
Conventional Anglicisation: aut

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35

𓈖

Water ripple

Phonogram n
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10

𓆓

Cobra

Phonogram ḏ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11

𓊽

Reed column

Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/
Conventional Anglicisation: djed

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4

𓁹

Eye

Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/
Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/
Conventional Anglicisation: iri

Ideogram for: jrt “eye”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: iret

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28

𓎛

Wick

Phonogram ḥ
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21

𓂋

Mouth

Phonogram r
Ideogram for: r “mouth”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22

𓇑

Rush with roots

Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24

𓎗

Cord on stick

Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree”
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/
Conventional Anglicisation: wedj

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1

𓁶

Head

Phonogram tp
Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/
Conventional Anglicisation: tepw

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a

𓌓

Bow

Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow”
Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/
Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/
Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/
Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/
Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39

𓇨

Basket of fruit or grain

Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”

Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9

𓏴

Crossed sticks

Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”

Proto-Rovash letter Forked A

a
IPA: /a/, /e/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked E

e
IPA: /a/, /ɛ/, /e/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).

Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E

e
IPA: /ɛ/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐤀).

Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D

d
IPA: /d/, /ð/, /d͡ʒ/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D.

Proto-Rovash letter Open V

v
IPA: /β/, /b-/

Derived from Lydian letter V (𐤸).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1)

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Waw,
through Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2)

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked Sz

sz
IPA: /s/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz.

Proto-Rovash letter Angled Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Khēth (𐢊).

Proto-Rovash letter Gh

gh
IPA: /ɣ/, /g/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Gh.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth (𐭧).

Proto-Rovash letter Open T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Carian letter Ng (𐋄).

Proto-Rovash letter Central T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐤈).

Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T

z
IPA: /z/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐤈).

Proto-Rovash letter Closed T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).

Proto-Rovash letter Angled I

i, ï, e
IPA: /i/, /ï/, /e/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled I.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched I

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭩).

Proto-Rovash letter Closed J

j
IPA: /j/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed J.

Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Yodh.

Proto-Rovash letter Simple L

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh.

Proto-Rovash letter Open M

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Lydian letter M (𐤪).

Proto-Rovash letter Round M

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma (𐨨).

Proto-Rovash letter Forked N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Early Aramaic letter Nun (𐤍).

Proto-Rovash letter N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter N.

Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended Sh

sh
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Semkath (𐢖).

Proto-Rovash letter Cs

cs
IPA: /t͡ʃ/, /*s/

Derived from Late Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).

Proto-Rovash letter Closed Q

q
IPA: /q/

Derived from Lycian letter K (𐊔).

Proto-Rovash letter Arched K

k
IPA: /k/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched K,
through Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw (𐭒).

Proto-Rovash letter Sharp R

r
IPA: /r/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Resh,
through Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).

Proto-Rovash letter Arched R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).

Proto-Rovash letter Zs

zs
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Zs.

Proto-Rovash letter Arched D

d
IPA: /d/, /di/

Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw (𐭕).

Proto-Rovash letter Central F

f
IPA: /f/

Derived from Archaic Greek letter Phi (Φ).

Steppean Rovash letter Closed E

e
IPA: /e/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter E.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked A

a
IPA: /a/, /ɛ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked A.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched E

e
IPA: /a/, /aː/, /ɛ/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched E.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched Ue

ue
IPA: /ø/, /y/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ue.

Steppean Rovash letter Triple E

e
IPA: /ɛ/, /e/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched B

b
IPA: /b/, /β/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Beth.

Steppean Rovash letter Sharp D

d
IPA: /ð/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D.

Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Ch

ch
IPA: /h/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp Ch.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Supposedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter He.

Steppean Rovash letter Open V

v
IPA: /β/, /b/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open V.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked O (variant 1)

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked O (variant 2)

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O.

Steppean Rovash letter Sz

sz
IPA: /s/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sz.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked Sz

sz
IPA: /s/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Sz.

Steppean Rovash letter Sharp Ue

ue
IPA: /øː/, /*y/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp Ue.

Steppean Rovash letter Gh

gh
IPA: /ɣ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Gh.

Steppean Rovash letter Open T (variant 1)

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open T.

Steppean Rovash letter Open T (variant 2)

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open T.

Steppean Rovash letter Sharp T

t
IPA: /z/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp T.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched T.

Steppean Rovash letter Angled I

i
IPA: /i/, /e/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Angled I.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched I

i
IPA: /i/, /ï/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched I.

Steppean Rovash letter Closed J

j
IPA: /j/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed J.

Steppean Rovash letter Circle-ended I

i
IPA: /i/, /ï/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked K

k
IPA: /k/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked K.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched L

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (𐢑).

Steppean Rovash letter Simple L

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple L.

Steppean Rovash letter Lt

l
IPA: /l/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Lt.

Steppean Rovash letter Open M

m
IPA: /m/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open M.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked N.

Steppean Rovash letter N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter N.

Steppean Rovash letter Ng

ng
IPA: /ŋ/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Ng.

Steppean Rovash letter Angled N

n
IPA: /n/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Angled N.

Steppean Rovash letter Closed R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed R.

Steppean Rovash letter Simple P

p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple P.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked P

p
IPA: /p/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked P.

Steppean Rovash letter Cs

cs
IPA: IPA: /t͡ʃ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Cs.

Steppean Rovash letter Closed Q

q
IPA: /q/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed Q.

Steppean Rovash letter Open Q

q
IPA: /q/

Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Qoph (𐭒).

Steppean Rovash letter Closed G

g
IPA: /g/

Derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Closed G.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched Q

q
IPA: /q/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Q.

Steppean Rovash letter Angled Q

q
IPA: /*q/, /uq/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Angled Q.

Steppean Rovash letter Sharp R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp R.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched R.

Steppean Rovash letter Zs

zs
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Zs.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched Sh

sh
IPA: /ʃ/

Attestedly derived from Early Steppean Rovash letter Arched Sh.

Steppean Rovash letter Forked T

t
IPA: /*t/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked T.

Steppean Rovash letter Arched D

d
IPA: /d/, /ð/, /dʒ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched D.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked A

a
IPA: /a/, /ɛ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked A.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked E

e
IPA: /a/, /ɛ/, /e/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked E.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E

e
IPA: /a/, /ɛ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Diagonal E.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue

ue
IPA: /y/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Ue.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G

g
IPA: /g/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked G.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp D

d
IPA: /d/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp D.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sharp Ch.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O

o
IPA: /u/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked O.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V

v
IPA: /β/, /v/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open V.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Triple O

o
IPA: /ɔ̃/

Derived from Early Cyrillic letter Big Yus (Ѫ).

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz

sz
IPA: /s/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Sz.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh

gh
IPA: /ɣ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Gh.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Opened T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Opened T.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed T

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed T.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Angled I.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched I

i
IPA: /i/, /ǐ/, /ï/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched I.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Circle-ended I.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed J

j
IPA: /j, /i/̯, /ʎ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed J.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K

k
IPA: /k/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open K.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple L

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple L.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L

l
IPA: /l/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked L.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open M

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open M.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp N

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked N.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter N

n
IPA: /n/, /ɲ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter N.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ng

ng
IPA: /ŋ/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Ng.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z

z
IPA: /z/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Open Z.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed R.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple P

p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Simple P.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P

p
IPA: /f/, /p/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Forked P.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs

cs
IPA: /*t͡ʃ/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Cs.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched K

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched K.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Q

q
IPA: /q/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Arched Q.

Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S

s
IPA: /ʃ/

Attestedly derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed S.

Aethicus’ letter Alamoy

a
IPA: /a/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E.

Aethicus’ letter Inthalech

i
IPA: /y/, /*ø/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue.

Aethicus’ letter Garphoy

g
IPA: /g/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G.

Aethicus’ letter Delfoy

d
IPA: /d/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter T.

Aethicus’ letter Hethmy

h
IPA: /x/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch.

Aethicus’ letter Fomethy

f
IPA: /β/, /v/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V.

Aethicus’ letter Ozechy

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O.

Aethicus’ letter Azatoth p(ro) r

the glyph of the /s/ [or /z/] is used for /r/

s, r
IPA: /s/, /r/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz.

Aethicus’ letter Effothy

gh
IPA: /ɣ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh.

Aethicus’ letter Thotimos

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp T.

Aethicus’ letter Irchoni

i
IPA: /i/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I.

Aethicus’ letter Iofithy

j
IPA: /j/, /ʎ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ly.

Aethicus’ letter Kaithy

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K.

Aethicus’ letter Lethy

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L.

Aethicus’ letter Zotichin

z
IPA: /z/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z.

Aethicus’ letter Pithirin

p
IPA: /f-/, /p/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P.

Aethicus’ letter Cathy

cs
IPA: /*t͡ʃ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs.

Aethicus’ letter Chorizech

q
IPA: /q/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Q.

Aethicus’ letter Salathy

s
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Closed E

e
IPA: /e/, /eː/

Derived from Proto-Rovash letter Closed E.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Oe

𐲜

oe
IPA: /ø/, /øː/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed E.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Aa

𐲁

aa
IPA: /aː/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked E.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter E

𐲉

e
IPA: /ɛ/, historically also /e/, /eː/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter G

𐲍

g
IPA: /g/, /d͡ʒ^?j/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked G.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Gy

𐲎

gy
IPA: /d͡ʒ^?j/, /ɟ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple G.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter T

𐲦

t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter T.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Open V

v
IPA: /β/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open V.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Circle-ended O

o
IPA: /o/

Derived from Glagolitic letter On (Ⱁ).

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter O

𐲛

o
IPA: /o/, /u/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sz

𐲥

sz
IPA: /s/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Simple R

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter V

𐲮

v
IPA: /v/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter V.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Gh

gh
IPA: /ɣ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Gh.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter F

𐲌

f
IPA: /f/

Derived from Greek cursive letter Theta (majuscule) (Θ).

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Diagonal F

f
IPA: /f/

Derived from Modern Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ).

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sharp Ty

ty
IPA: /c/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp T.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Forked Ty

𐲨

ty
IPA: /c/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ty.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter J

𐲒

j
IPA: /j/, historically also /i/, /iː/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ly

ly
IPA: /j/, /ʎ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Ly.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Open K

𐲔

k
IPA: /k/, /ɒk/, /aːk/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter L

𐲖

l
IPA: /l/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked L.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter M

𐲘

m
IPA: /m/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open M.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter N

𐲙

n
IPA: /n/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter N.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Z

𐲯

z
IPA: /z/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter S

𐲤

s
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter S.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter P

𐲠

p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Forked P.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Cs

𐲆

cs
IPA: /t͡ʃ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Cs.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter K

𐲓

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed Q.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Sharp K

k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp K.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ch

ch
IPA: /x/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled Q.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter R

𐲢

r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter R.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Zs

𐲰

zs
IPA: /ʒ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Zs.

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Us

us
IPA: /uʃ/

Derived from Glagolitic letter Zhivete (Ⰶ).

Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter C

𐲄

c
IPA: /t͡s/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter C.

Rounded Glagolitic letter Azъ

Ⰰ

Ⰰⰸⱏ

I (1st person pronoun)
a
IPA: /ɑ/

Derived from Hebrew letter Alef (א).

Numerical value: 1

Rounded Glagolitic letter Jatь

Ⱑ

Ⱑⱅⱐ

ja
IPA: /æ/, /jɑ/

Likely derived from epigraphic Greek letter Alpha (Α).

Numerical value: 4000

Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerь

Ⱐ

ⰠⰓⱐ

i
IPA: /ĭ/, /ɪ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue.

Rounded Glagolitic letter Jerъ

Ⱏ

ⰟⰓⱏ

u
IPA: /ŭ/, /ʊ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Arched Ue.

Numerical value: 3000

Rounded Glagolitic letter Jestъ

Ⰵ

Ⰵⱄⱅⱏ

is/exists
e
IPA: /ɛ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Diagonal E,
or possibly from Samaritan letter Īy (ࠄ),
or possibly from Archaic Greek letter Sampi (ϡ).

Numerical value: 6

Rounded Glagolitic letter Glagoli

Ⰳ

Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰻ

speak (past or imperative)
g
IPA: /ɡ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple G,
or possibly from cursive Imperial Greek letter Gamma (minuscule) (γ).

Numerical value: 4

Rounded Glagolitic letter Dobro

Ⰴ

Ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱁ

kindness/good/well
d
IPA: /d/

Derived from Imperial Greek letter Delta (majuscule) (Δ).

Numerical value: 5

Rounded Glagolitic letter Esь

Ⱔ

Ⱔⱄⱐ

e
IPA: /ɛ̃/

Derived from Imperial Greek letter Epsilon (minuscule) (ε).

Numerical value: 9000

Rounded Glagolitic letter Xěrъ

Ⱈ

Ⱈⱑⱃⱏ

x
IPA: /x/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp Ch.

Numerical value: 600

Rounded Glagolitic letter Onъ

Ⱁ

Ⱁⱀⱏ

he, that
o
IPA: /ɔ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open O.

Numerical value: 80

Rounded Glagolitic letter Otъ

Ⱉ

Ⱉⱅⱏ

from
o
IPA: /ɔ/

Ligature of Glagolitic letter Onъ (Ⱁ) and its mirror image.

Numerical value: 700

Rounded Glagolitic letter Vědě

Ⰲ

Ⰲⱑⰴⱑ

(you/he/she/it) knew
v
IPA: /ʋ/

Likely derived from Latin letter V.

Numerical value: 3

Rounded Glagolitic letter Slovo

Ⱄ

Ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ

word/speech
s
IPA: /s/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sz.

Numerical value: 200

Rounded Glagolitic letter Thita

Ⱚ

Ⱚⰹⱅⰰ

th
IPA: /θ/

Derived from Imperial Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ).

Rounded Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo

Ⱅ

Ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱁ

solid/hard/surely
t
IPA: /t/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed T,
or perhaps from the crossbar of cursive Imperial Greek letter Tau (minuscule) (τ).

Numerical value: 300

Rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 1)

Ⰹ

Ⰹⰶⰵ

which is/the
i
IPA: /i/, /j/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I,
or possibly from Imperial Greek letter Iota (minuscule) with dieresis (ϊ).

Numerical value: 10

Rounded Glagolitic letter Iže (variant 2)

Ⰺ

Ⰹⰶⰵ

which is/the
i
IPA: /i/, /j/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Circle-ended I,
or possibly from Imperial Greek letter Iota (minuscule) with dieresis (ϊ).

Numerical value: 10

Rounded Glagolitic letter I/Ižei

Ⰻ

Ⰹ/Ⰹⰶⰵⰹ

which is/the
i
IPA: /i/, /j/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Angled I.

Numerical value: 20

Rounded Glagolitic letter Ju

Ⱓ

Ⱓ

yu
IPA: /ju/

Derived from Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ly.

Numerical value: 5000

Rounded Glagolitic letter Kako

Ⰽ

Ⰽⰰⰽⱁ

how/as
k
IPA: /k/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open K
or from Hebrew letter Qof (ק).

Numerical value: 40

Rounded Glagolitic letter Ljudie

Ⰾ

Ⰾⱓⰴⰹⰵ

people
l
IPA: /l/, /ʎ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple L
or possibly from cursive Greek letter Lambda (minuscule) (λ).

Numerical value: 50

Rounded Glagolitic letter Myslite

Ⰿ

Ⰿⱏⰹⱄⰾⰹⱅⰵ

think (2nd plural)
m
IPA: /m/

Derived from cursive Imperial Greek letter Mu (minuscule) (μ).

Numerical value: 60

Rounded Glagolitic letter Našь

Ⱀ

Ⱀⰰⱋⱐ

ours
n
IPA: /n/, /ɲ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Sharp N.

Numerical value: 70

Rounded Glagolitic letter Zemlja

Ⰸ

Ⰸⰵⰿⰾⰰ

Earth/ground
z
IPA: /z/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Open Z
or possibly from a variant of Imperial Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ).

Numerical value: 9

Rounded Glagolitic letter Ci

Ⱌ

Ⱌⰹ

ts
IPA: /t͡s/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter S
or from Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) (ץ).

Numerical value: 900

Rounded Glagolitic letter Pokoj

Ⱂ

Ⱂⱁⰽⱁⰹ

calmness/peace
p
IPA: /p/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Simple P
or possibly from variant of Archaic Greek letter Pi (majuscule).

Numerical value: 90

Rounded Glagolitic letter Črьvъ

Ⱍ

Ⱍⱃⱐⰲⱏ

worm
ch
IPA: /t͡ʃ/

Derived from Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Cs (𐲆).

Numerical value: 1000

Rounded Glagolitic letter Rьci

Ⱃ

Ⱃⱐⱌⰹ

speak!/pronounce!
r
IPA: /r/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter R.

Numerical value: 100

Rounded Glagolitic letter Živěte

Ⰶ

Ⰶⰹⰲⱑⱅⰵ

life/live (2nd plural imperative)
zh
IPA: /ʒ/

Derived from Carpathian Basin Rovash letter Closed S.

Numerical value: 7

Rounded Glagolitic letter Ša

Ⱎ

Ⱎⰰ

silence/quiet
sh
IPA: /ʃ/

Derived from Hebrew letter Shin (ש).

Numerical value: 2000

Rounded Glagolitic letter Frьtъ

Ⱇ

Ⱇⱃⱐⱅⱏ

f
IPA: /f/

Derived from a variant of Imperial Greek letter Phi (majuscule) (Φ).

Numerical value: 500