maˈtʼuww

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Writing Script		Head of ox		House plan		Throw stick		Nile tilapia			Man with arms raised				Pear shaped mace				Two diagonal strokes	Plan of rectangular enclosure		Heart and trachea		Arm with downward facing palm		Hand	Crook	Water ripple	Cobra			Reed column		Eye	Wick	Mouth	Rush with shoots			Cord on stick	Head	Bow			Basket of fruit or grain		Crossed sticks				Pool with lilies	Horned viper	Lily plant	Elephant tusk & papyrus scroll	Fire drill	Basket with handle	Arm holding conical loaf & bread
Egyptian Hieroglyphs	Logography 32 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 𓃾 Head of Ox Ideogram for: kꜣ “cattle” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /kaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: ka		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 𓉐 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 𓌙 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. K1 𓆛 Bulti fish Phonogram in for: int “bulti”			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. A28 𓀠 Man with arms raised Determinative for: ḥꜥi “rejoice”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T3 𓌉 Pear shaped mace Phonogram ḥḏ for: ḥḏ “mace”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 𓏭 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O6 𓉗 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 𓄤 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 𓂣 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 𓂧 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 𓋿 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 𓈖 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 𓆓 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. R11 𓊽 Reed column Phonogram ḏd for: ḏd “stable” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼaːtʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼaːʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼoːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛd/ Conventional Anglicisation: djed		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 𓁹 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 𓎛 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 𓂋 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M22 𓇑 Rush with roots Phonogram nḫb for: nḫbt “germination” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛxbɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: nekhbet			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V24 𓎗 Cord on stick Phonogram wḏ for: wḏ “command, decree” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /wɛd͡ʒ/ Conventional Anglicisation: wedj	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 𓁶 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T9a 𓌓 Bow Phonogram pd/pḏ for: pḏt “bow” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːcʼat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpiːtʼə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛd͡ʒɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: pedjet			Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M39 𓇨 Basket of fruit or grain Determinative for: rnpt “vegetables”		Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z9 𓏴 Crossed sticks Phonogram swꜣ for: swꜣ “pass”				Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 𓆷 Pool with lilies Phonogram šꜣ for: šꜣ “marsh” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ʃɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: sha Ideogram for: ꜣḫt “Inundation” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑxɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: akhet	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I9 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I9 𓆑 Horned viper Phonogram f Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /f/ Determinative in: it “father”	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M12 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M12 𓆼 Lily plant Phonogram ḫꜣ, for: ḫꜣ “1,000” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /xɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: kha	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F18 𓄑 Tusk of elephant Phonogram bḥ or ḥw Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 𓏛 Papyrus scroll Phonogram mḏꜣt Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Ideogram for: mḏꜣt “paypyrus roll, book” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛd͡ʒɑt/ Conventional Anglicisation: medjat Determinative for: rḫ “know” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛx/ Conventional Anglicisation: rekh	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. U29 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. U29 𓍒 Fire drill (Variation of Gardiner No. U28) Phonogram ḏꜣ for: ꜥnḫ.(w) (w)ḏꜣ snb “may he live, be prosperous, be healthy” Conventional Anglicisation: ankh wedja seneb	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V31 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V31 𓎡 Basket with handle Phonogram k Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /k/	Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1 × Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D37 𓂞 Arm holding conical loaf Phonogram dj for: rḏj “give” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼiːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛd͡ʒi/ Conventional Anglicisation: redji Egyptian Hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. X1 𓏏 Small bread loaf Phonogram t Ideogram for: t “bread” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /t/
Hieratic Egyptian	Logography 32 c. BCE - 3 c. CE			Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O1 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O1 House plan Phonogram pr for: pr “house” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾuw/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈpaːɾəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /poːɾ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /pɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: per Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. O1 (𓉐).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. T14 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. T14 Throw stick Determinative for “foreign” for: qmꜣ “create” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /kɛmɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: qema Ideogram in: ꜥꜣm “Asiatics” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːʔɑm/ Conventional Anglicisation: aam Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. T14 (𓌙).													Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 Two diagonal strokes Determinative for duality Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 (𓏭).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. 06 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O6 Plan of rectangular enclosure Ideogram for: ḥwt “temple, tomb, enclosure” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħaːwiʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈħoː(wə)/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: hut Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Z4 (𓉗).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F35 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F35 Heart and windpipe Phonogram nfr for: nfr “good, beautiful” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiɾ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnaːfə/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈnoːfə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /nɛfɛr/ Conventional Anglicisation: nefer Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F35 (𓄤).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D42 (𓂣).		Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D46 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D46 Hand Phonogram d Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t͡ʃʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d/ Ideogram for: ḏrt “hand” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈcʼaːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼaːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼoːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒɛrɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: djeret Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D46 (𓂧).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. S39 (𓋿).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 (𓈖).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I10 (𓆓).					Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D4 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D4 Eye Phonogram for: jrj “to do, make” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /iri/ Conventional Anglicisation: iri Ideogram for: jrt “eye” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾat/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈjiːɾaʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈʔiːɾə/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /irɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: iret Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D4 (𓁹).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V28 (𓎛).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 (𓂋).					Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D1 Head Phonogram tp Determinative or ideogram for: tp “head” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/, or possibly /cʼap/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /tʼap/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /tɛp/ Conventional Anglicisation: tepw Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D1 (𓁶).										Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 Pool with lilies Phonogram šꜣ for: šꜣ “marsh” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ʃɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: sha Ideogram for: ꜣḫt “Inundation” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑxɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: akhet Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 (𓆷).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 Horned viper Phonogram f Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /f/ Determinative in: it “father” Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. I9 (𓆑).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 Lily plant Phonogram ḫꜣ, for: ḫꜣ “1,000” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /xɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: kha Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M12 (𓆼).	Hieratic Egyptian, Gardiner No. F18 & Y1 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 Tusk of elephant Phonogram bḥ or ḥw Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F18 (𓄑). Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 Papyrus scroll Phonogram mḏꜣt Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Ideogram for: mḏꜣt “paypyrus roll, book” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛd͡ʒɑt/ Conventional Anglicisation: medjat Determinative for: rḫ “know” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛx/ Conventional Anglicisation: rekh Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 (𓏛).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 Fire drill (Variation of Gardiner No. U28) Phonogram ḏꜣ for: ꜥnḫ.(w) (w)ḏꜣ snb “may he live, be prosperous, be healthy” Conventional Anglicisation: ankh wedja seneb Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. U29 (𓍒).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 𓎡 Basket with handle Phonogram k Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. V31 (𓎡).	Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1 × Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 Arm holding conical loaf Phonogram dj for: rḏj “give” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼiːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛd͡ʒi/ Conventional Anglicisation: redji Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D37 (𓂞). Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. X1 Small bread loaf Phonogram t Ideogram for: t “bread” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. X1 (𓏏).
Demotic Egyptian	Logography 650 BCE - 5 c. CE																							Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42 Arm with downward facing palm Determinative or ideogram for: mḥ “cubit” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛħ/ Conventional Anglicisation: meh Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42.			Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39 Crook Phonogram ꜥwt for: ꜥwt “flock” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑːuːt/ Conventional Anglicisation: aut Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35 Water ripple Phonogram n Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /n/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /n/, /l/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10 Cobra Phonogram ḏ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /cʼ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /tʼ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10.						Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28 Wick Phonogram ḥ Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ħ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ħ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21 Mouth Phonogram r Ideogram for: r “mouth” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ɾ/, /l/, /ʔ/, /j/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /r/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21.															Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8 Pool with lilies Phonogram šꜣ for: šꜣ “marsh” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ʃɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: sha Ideogram for: ꜣḫt “Inundation” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /ɑxɛt/ Conventional Anglicisation: akhet Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9 Horned viper Phonogram f Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /f/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /f/ Determinative in: it “father” Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12 Lily plant Phonogram ḫꜣ, for: ḫꜣ “1,000” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʀ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /χaʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /xɑ/ Conventional Anglicisation: kha Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 Tusk of elephant Phonogram bḥ or ḥw Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18. Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Y1 Papyrus scroll Phonogram mḏꜣt Determinative and Ideogram for: ibḥ “tooth” Ideogram for: mḏꜣt “paypyrus roll, book” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /mɛd͡ʒɑt/ Conventional Anglicisation: medjat Determinative for: rḫ “know” Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛx/ Conventional Anglicisation: rekh Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Y1.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29 Fire drill Phonogram ḏꜣ for: ꜥnḫ.(w) (w)ḏꜣ snb “may he live, be prosperous, be healthy” Conventional Anglicisation: ankh wedja seneb Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31 Basket with handle Phonogram k Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /k/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No.V31.	Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1 × Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 Arm holding conical loaf Phonogram dj for: rḏj “give” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈcʼiːjit/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾV)ˈtʼiːjiʔ/ Reconstructed Medio-Late Egyptian pronunciation: /(ɾə)ˈtʼiːʔəʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /ˈtʼiːʔ/ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /rɛd͡ʒi/ Conventional Anglicisation: redji Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37. Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. X1 Small bread loaf Phonogram t Ideogram for: t “bread” Reconstructed Old Egyptian pronunciation: /t/ Reconstructed Middle Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/ Reconstructed Late Egyptian pronunciation: /t/, /t͡ʃ/, /ʔ/, ∅ Modern Egyptological pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. X1.
Meroitic Cursive	Abugida 3 c. BCE - 6 c. CE	Meroitic cursive letter O × Meroitic cursive letter O 𐦣																										Meroitic cursive letter Na × Meroitic cursive letter Na 𐦩								Meroitic cursive letter Ra × Meroitic cursive letter Ra 𐦫															Meroitic cursive letter Sa × Meroitic cursive letter Sa 𐦯
Proto-Sinaitic	Abjad 19 c. BCE - 15 c. BCE	Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp × Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp Ox ʾ IPA: /ʔ/		Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt × Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt House b IPA: /b/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. T14.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml × Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml Throwstick g IPA: /g/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. .		Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag × Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag Fish d IPA: /d/			Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul × Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul Praise h IPA: /h/				Proto-Sinaitic Was/Uph × Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph Fowl w IPA: /w/				Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt × Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt Oxhide ingot/sword z IPA: /z/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. Z4.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr Courtyard or thread ḥ IPA: /ħ/ or /x/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. O6.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab Wheel ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F35.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad × Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad Hand j IPA: /j/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D42.		Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap × Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap Palm k IPA: /k/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D46.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd × Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd Goad l IPA: /l/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. S39.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym × Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym Water m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš × Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš Snake n IPA: /n/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I10.			Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk Peg s IPA: /s/		Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn × Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn Eye ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D4.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ Calyx ġ IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28.	Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it × Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it Corner p IPA: /p/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday × Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday Plant ṣ IPA: /sˤ/			Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba × Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba Needle/nape/monkey q IPA: /kˤ/ or /q/	Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš × Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš Head r IPA: /r/ Derived from Hieratic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D21.	Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš × Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš Bow š IPA: /ʃ/			Proto-Sinaitic letter Śadeh × Proto-Sinaitic letter Śadeh Field, land or bow θ IPA: /ɬ/ or /θ/		Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw × Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw Mark t IPA: /t/
Ugaritic	Abjad 15/13 c. BCE - ???	Ugaritic letter Alpa × Ugaritic letter Alpa 𐎀 ʾa IPA: /ʔa/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.		Ugaritic letter Beta × Ugaritic letter Beta 𐎁 b IPA: /b/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Ugaritic letter Gamla × Ugaritic letter Gamla 𐎂 g IPA: /g/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Ugaritic letter Delta × Ugaritic letter Delta 𐎄 d IPA: /d/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.			Ugaritic letter Ho × Ugaritic letter Ho 𐎅 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.				Ugaritic letter Wo × Ugaritic letter Wo 𐎆 w IPA: /w/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Ugaritic letter Zeta × Ugaritic letter Zeta 𐎇 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ugaritic letter Hota × Ugaritic letter Hota 𐎈 ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.		Ugaritic letter Tet × Ugaritic letter Tet 𐎉 ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.		Ugaritic letter Yod × Ugaritic letter Yod 𐎊 y IPA: /j/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Ugaritic letter Kaf × Ugaritic letter Kaf 𐎋 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ugaritic letter Lamda × Ugaritic letter Lamda 𐎍 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ugaritic letter Mem × Ugaritic letter Mem 𐎎 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ugaritic letter Nun × Ugaritic letter Nun 𐎐 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Ugaritic letter Samka × Ugaritic letter Samka 𐎒 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.		Ugaritic letter Ain × Ugaritic letter Ain 𐎓 ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ugaritic letter Ghain × Ugaritic letter Ghain 𐎙 ġ IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ugaritic letter Pu × Ugaritic letter Pu 𐎔 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ugaritic letter Sade × Ugaritic letter Sade 𐎕 ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Ugaritic letter Qopa × Ugaritic letter Qopa 𐎖 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ugaritic letter Rasha × Ugaritic letter Rasha 𐎗 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ugaritic letter Shin × Ugaritic letter Shin 𐎌 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.					Ugaritic letter To × Ugaritic letter To 𐎚 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Phoenician	Abjad 12 c. BCE - 135 BCE	Phoenician letter ʾālep × Phoenician letter ʾālep 𐤀 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.		Phoenician letter Bēt × Phoenician letter Bēt 𐤁 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Phoenician letter Gīml × Phoenician letter Gīml 𐤂 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Phoenician letter Dālet × Phoenician letter Dālet 𐤃 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.			Phoenician letter He × Phoenician letter He 𐤄 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.				Phoenician letter Wāw × Phoenician letter Wāw 𐤅 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin × Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Phoenician letter Hēt × Phoenician letter Hēt 𐤇 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.		Phoenician letter Ṭēt × Phoenician letter Ṭēt 𐤈 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.		Phoenician letter Yod × Phoenician letter Yod 𐤉 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Phoenician letter Kāp × Phoenician letter Kāp 𐤊 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Phoenician letter Lāmed × Phoenician letter Lāmed 𐤋 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Phoenician letter Mēm × Phoenician letter Mēm 𐤌 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Phoenician letter Nūn × Phoenician letter Nūn 𐤍 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Phoenician letter Śāmek × Phoenician letter Śāmek 𐤎 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.		Phoenician letter ʿayin × Phoenician letter ʿayin 𐤏 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.		Phoenician letter Pē × Phoenician letter Pē 𐤐 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Phoenician letter Ṩādē × Phoenician letter Ṩādē 𐤑 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Phoenician letter Qōp × Phoenician letter Qōp 𐤒 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh × Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Phoenician letter Šīn × Phoenician letter Šīn 𐤔 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.					Phoenician letter Tāw × Phoenician letter Tāw 𐤕 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Paleo-Hebrew	Abjad 10 c. BCE - 135 CE	Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep × Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep 𐤀 𐤀𐤋𐤐 Ox, head of cattle ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt × Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt 𐤁 𐤁𐤕 House b IPA: [b] Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml × Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml 𐤂 𐤂𐤌𐤋 Throwing stick (or camel) g IPA: [g] Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet × Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet 𐤃 𐤃𐤋𐤕 Door (or fish) d IPA: [d] Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Paleo-Hebrew letter He × Paleo-Hebrew letter He 𐤄 𐤄 Window (or jubilation) h IPA: [h] Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).				Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw × Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw 𐤅 𐤅𐤅 Hook w IPA: [w] Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin × Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin 𐤆 𐤆𐤉𐤍 Weapon (or manacle) z IPA: [z] Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt × Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt 𐤇 𐤇𐤕 Courtyard/wall ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt × Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt 𐤈 𐤈𐤕 Wheel ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod × Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod 𐤉 𐤉𐤃 Arm, hand j IPA: [j] Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp × Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp 𐤊 𐤊𐤐 Palm of a hand k IPA: [k] Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed × Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed 𐤋 𐤋𐤌𐤃 Goad l IPA: [l] Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm × Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm 𐤌 𐤌𐤌 Water m IPA: [m] Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn × Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn 𐤍 𐤍𐤍 Serpent (or fish) n IPA: [n] Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek × Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek 𐤎 𐤎𐤌𐤊 Pillar s IPA: [s] Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin × Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin 𐤏 𐤏𐤉𐤍 Eye ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē × Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē 𐤐 𐤐 Mouth (or corner) p IPA: [p] Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṩādē × Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṩādē 𐤑 𐤑𐤃 Papyrus plant/fish hook ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp × Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp 𐤒 𐤒𐤐 Needle eye q IPA: [q] Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh × Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh 𐤓 𐤓𐤔 Head r IPA: [r] Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn × Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn 𐤔 𐤔𐤍 Tooth (or sun) š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw × Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw 𐤕 𐤕𐤅 Mark t IPA: [t] Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Samaritan	Abjad 6 c. BCE - Present	Samaritan letter Ā'lāf × Samaritan letter Ā'lāf ࠀ ʾ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Samaritan letter Bīt × Samaritan letter Bīt ࠁ b Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Bēt (𐤁).		Samaritan letter Gā'mān × Samaritan letter Gā'mān ࠂ g Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Gīml (𐤂).		Samaritan letter Dā'lāt × Samaritan letter Dā'lāt ࠃ d Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Dālet (𐤃).			Samaritan letter Īy × Samaritan letter Īy ࠄ h Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter He (𐤄).				Samaritan letter Bā̊ × Samaritan letter Bā̊ ࠅ w Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Wāw (𐤅).				Samaritan letter Zēn × Samaritan letter Zēn ࠆ z Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Samaritan letter Īt × Samaritan letter Īt ࠇ ḥ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Hēt (𐤇).		Samaritan letter Ṭīt × Samaritan letter Ṭīt ࠈ ṭ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Samaritan letter Yūt × Samaritan letter Yūt ࠉ y Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Yod (𐤉).		Samaritan letter Kā̊f × Samaritan letter Kā̊f ࠊ k Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Kāp (𐤊).	Samaritan letter Lā'bāt × Samaritan letter Lā'bāt ࠋ l Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Samaritan letter Mīm × Samaritan letter Mīm ࠌ m Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Mēm (𐤌).	Samaritan letter Nūn × Samaritan letter Nūn ࠍ n Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Nūn (𐤍).			Samaritan letter Sin'gā̊t × Samaritan letter Sin'gā̊t ࠎ s Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Samaritan letter Īn × Samaritan letter Īn ࠏ ʿ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Samaritan letter Fī × Samaritan letter Fī ࠐ f Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē (𐤐).	Samaritan letter Ṣā̊'dīy × Samaritan letter Ṣā̊'dīy ࠑ ṣ Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Pē (𐤐).			Samaritan letter Qūf × Samaritan letter Qūf ࠒ q Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Qōp (𐤒).	Samaritan letter Rīš × Samaritan letter Rīš ࠓ r Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Samaritan letter × Samaritan letter Šān ࠔ š Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Šīn (𐤔).					Samaritan letter Tā̊f × Samaritan letter Tā̊f ࠕ t Derived from Paleo-Hebrew letter Tāw (𐤕).
Imperial Aramaic	Abjad 8 c. BCE - 7 c. CE	Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph × Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph 𐡀 𐡀𐡐𐡓 ʾ IPA: /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth × Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth 𐡁 𐡁𐡕 b IPA: /b/, /v/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal × Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal 𐡂 𐡂𐡌𐡋 g IPA: /ɡ/, /ɣ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath × Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath 𐡃 𐡃𐡋𐡕 d IPA: /d/, /ð/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Imperial Aramaic letter Hē × Imperial Aramaic letter Hē 𐡄 𐡄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).				Imperial Aramaic letter Waw × Imperial Aramaic letter Waw 𐡅 𐡅𐡅 w IPA: /w/; /oː/, /uː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Imperial Aramaic letter Zain × Imperial Aramaic letter Zain 𐡆 𐡆𐡉𐡍 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth × Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth 𐡇 𐡇𐡕 ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth × Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth 𐡈 𐡈𐡕 ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh × Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh 𐡉 𐡉𐡃 j IPA: /j/; /iː/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph × Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph 𐡊 𐡊𐡐 k IPA: /k/, /x/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh × Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh 𐡋 𐡋𐡌𐡃 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Imperial Aramaic letter Mem × Imperial Aramaic letter Mem 𐡌 𐡌𐡌 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Imperial Aramaic letter Nun × Imperial Aramaic letter Nun 𐡍 𐡍𐡍 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath × Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath 𐡎 𐡎𐡌𐡊 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin × Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin 𐡏 𐡏𐡉𐡍 ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Imperial Aramaic letter Pē × Imperial Aramaic letter Pē 𐡐 𐡐 p IPA: /p/, /f/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē × Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē 𐡑 𐡑𐡃 ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph × Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph 𐡒 𐡒𐡐 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš × Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš 𐡓 𐡓𐡔 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn × Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn 𐡔 𐡔𐡍 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Imperial Aramaic letter Taw × Imperial Aramaic letter Taw 𐡕 𐡕𐡅 t IPA: /t/, /θ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Kharoṣṭhī	Abugida 4 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Kharoṣṭhī letter A × Kharoṣṭhī letter A 𐨀 a IPA: /ə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ba × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ba 𐨦 ba IPA: /bə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ga × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ga 𐨒 ga IPA: /gə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Dha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Dha 𐨢 dha IPA: /dʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Ha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ha 𐨱 ha IPA: /hə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Kharoṣṭhī letter Va × Kharoṣṭhī letter Va 𐨬 va IPA: /ʋə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Kharoṣṭhī letter Ja × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ja 𐨗 ja IPA: /ɟə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Gha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Gha 𐨓 gha IPA: /gʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Tha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Tha 𐨠 tha IPA: /tʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ya × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ya 𐨩 ya IPA: /jə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Kharoṣṭhī letter Ka × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ka 𐨐 ka IPA: /kə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Kharoṣṭhī letter La × Kharoṣṭhī letter La 𐨫 la IPA: /lə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ma 𐨨 ma IPA: /mə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Na × Kharoṣṭhī letter Na 𐨣 na IPA: /nə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Śa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Śa 𐨭 śa IPA: /ɕə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).				Kharoṣṭhī letter Pa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Pa 𐨤 pa IPA: /pə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Sa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Sa 𐨯 sa IPA: /sə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Kharoṣṭhī letter Kha × Kharoṣṭhī letter Kha 𐨑 kha IPA: /kʰə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ra × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ra 𐨪 ra IPA: /rə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Kharoṣṭhī letter Ṣa × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ṣa 𐨮 ṣa IPA: /ʂə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Kharoṣṭhī letter Ta × Kharoṣṭhī letter Ta 𐨟 ta IPA: /tə/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Early/Ashokan Brahmi	Abugida 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Early Brahmi letter A × Early Brahmi letter A 𑀅 a IPA: /ɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Early Brahmi letter Ba × Early Brahmi letter Ba 𑀩 ba IPA: /bɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) (𐢂), with a closing back stroke.	Early Brahmi letter Bha × Early Brahmi letter Bha 𑀪 bha IPA: /bʱɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) (𐢂), rotated and with a hook to represent the aspirate.	Early Brahmi letter Ga × Early Brahmi letter Ga 𑀕 ga IPA: /gɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Early Brahmi letter Ḍa × Early Brahmi letter Ḍa 𑀟 ḍa IPA: /ɖɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃), reversed.	Early Brahmi letter Dha × Early Brahmi letter Dha 𑀥 dha IPA: /d̪ʱɐ/ Likely derived from a rounded variant of Modern Greek letter Delta (Δ).		Early Brahmi letter Ha × Early Brahmi letter Ha 𑀳 ha IPA: /ɦɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄), reversed and upside down.				Early Brahmi letter U × Early Brahmi letter U 𑀉 u IPA: /u/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅), reversed and upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Va × Early Brahmi letter Va 𑀯 va IPA: /wɐ/, /ʋɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Classical Nabataean letter Waw (𐢈).		Early Brahmi letter Ja × Early Brahmi letter Ja 𑀚 ja IPA: /ɟɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Early Brahmi letter Jha × Early Brahmi letter Jha 𑀛 jha IPA: /ɟʱɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆), with an upper hook to the right to represent the aspirate.			Early Brahmi letter Ṭha × Early Brahmi letter Ṭha 𑀞 ṭha IPA: /ʈʰɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).	Early Brahmi letter Tha × Early Brahmi letter Tha 𑀣 tha IPA: /t̪ʰɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Modern Greek letter Theta (Θ).	Early Brahmi letter Ya × Early Brahmi letter Ya 𑀬 ya IPA: /jɐ/ Likely derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉), upside down with an extension of the middle projection.		Early Brahmi letter Ka × Early Brahmi letter Ka 𑀓 ka IPA: /kɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Modern Greek letter Chi (Χ).	Early Brahmi letter La × Early Brahmi letter La 𑀮 la IPA: /lɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋), reversed.	Early Brahmi letter Ma × Early Brahmi letter Ma 𑀫 ma IPA: /mɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌), with the top closed in a loop and turned upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Ña × Early Brahmi letter Ña 𑀜 ña IPA: /ɲɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).	Early Brahmi letter Ṅa × Early Brahmi letter Ṅa 𑀗 ṅa IPA: /ŋɐ/ Likely derived from Hebrew letter Nun (נ), reversed.	Early Brahmi letter Na × Early Brahmi letter Na 𑀦 na IPA: /nɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Classical Nabataean letter Nun (𐢕).			Early Brahmi letter E × Early Brahmi letter E 𑀏 e IPA: /eː/ Likely derived from a triangular variant of Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).	Early Brahmi letter Gha × Early Brahmi letter Gha 𑀖 gha IPA: /ɡʱɐ/ Likely derived from a variant of Late Nabataean letter Ayin.	Early Brahmi letter Ṣa × Early Brahmi letter Ṣa 𑀱 ṣa IPA: /ʂɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐), rotated and upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Sa × Early Brahmi letter Sa 𑀧 sa IPA: /sɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑), upside down, reversed, with a horizontal midline extension to the right.	Early Brahmi letter Ca × Early Brahmi letter Ca 𑀲 ca IPA: /cɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑), upside down, eversed, with the elongation of a hook to the left.	Early Brahmi letter Pa × Early Brahmi letter Pa 𑀘 pa IPA: /pɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē (𐢙), upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Kha × Early Brahmi letter Kha 𑀔 kha IPA: /kʰɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Qoph (𐢚), reversed and upside down.	Early Brahmi letter Ra × Early Brahmi letter Ra 𑀭 ra IPA: /rɐ/ Likely derived from Classical Nabataean letter Rēš.	Early Brahmi letter Śa × Early Brahmi letter Śa 𑀰 śa IPA: /ɕɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔), upside down with slight adjustment of the middle extension.					Early Brahmi letter Ta × Early Brahmi letter Ta 𑀢 ta IPA: /t̪ɐ/ Likely derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Brahmic scripts reworked. Coming soon
Early Steppean Rovash	Alphabet 3 c. BCE - 10 c. CE
Old Turkic	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 10 c. CE	Old Turkic letter A (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter A (Orkhon variant) 𐰀 a, ä IPA: /ɑ/, /æ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Old Turkic letter A (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter A (Yenisei variant) 𐰁 a, ä IPA: /ɑ/, /æ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Old Turkic letter Ab (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ab (Orkhon variant) 𐰉 b¹ IPA: /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Old Turkic letter Ab (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ab (Yenisei variant) 𐰊 b¹ IPA: /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Old Turkic letter Aeg (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aeg (Orkhon variant) 𐰏 g/g² IPA: /g/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Old Turkic letter Aeg (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aeg (Yenisei variant) 𐰐 g/g² IPA: /g/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Old Turkic letter Ad (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ad (Orkhon variant) 𐰑 d¹ IPA: /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Old Turkic letter Ad (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ad (Yenisei variant) 𐰒 d¹ IPA: /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Old Turkic letter Aek (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aek (Orkhon variant) 𐰚 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Old Turkic letter Aek (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aek (Yenisei variant) 𐰛 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Old Turkic letter O (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter O (Orkhon variant) 𐰆 o, u IPA: /o/, /u/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Old Turkic letter Aes (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aes (Orkhon variant) 𐰾 s² IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Old Turkic letter Aq (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aq (Orkhon variant) 𐰴 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Old Turkic letter Aq (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aq (Yenisei variant) 𐰵 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).				Old Turkic letter Aey (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aey (Orkhon variant) 𐰘 y²/j² IPA: /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Old Turkic letter Aey (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aey (Yenisei variant) 𐰙 y²/j² IPA: /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).	Old Turkic letter I (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter I (Orkhon variant) 𐰃 ï/ı, i IPA: /ɯ/, /i/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Old Turkic letter I (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter I (Yenisei variant) 𐰄 ï/ı, i IPA: /ɯ/, /i/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Old Turkic letter Al (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Al (Orkhon variant) 𐰞 l¹ IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Old Turkic letter Al (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Al (Yenisei variant) 𐰟 l¹ IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Old Turkic letter Em (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Em (Orkhon variant) 𐰢 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Old Turkic letter An (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter An (Orkhon variant) 𐰢 n¹ IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Old Turkic letter An (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter An (Orkhon variant) 𐰽 s¹ IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).				Old Turkic letter Ep (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ep (Orkhon variant) 𐰯 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Old Turkic letter Ec (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ec (Orkhon variant) 𐰲 č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Old Turkic letter Ec (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ec (Yenisei variant) 𐰳 č IPA: /tʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).				Old Turkic letter Ar (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Ar (Orkhon variant) 𐰺 r¹ IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Old Turkic letter Ar (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Ar (Yenisei variant) 𐰻 r¹ IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).						Old Turkic letter Aet (Orkhon variant) × Old Turkic letter Aet (Orkhon variant) 𐱅‎ t² IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Old Turkic letter Aet (Yenisei variant) × Old Turkic letter Aet (Yenisei variant) 𐱆 t² IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Hebrew	Abjad c. 2/1 BCE - Present	Hebrew letter Alef × Hebrew letter Alef א אָלֶף a IPA: [a] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Hebrew letter Bet × Hebrew letter Bet ב בֵית v IPA: [v] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Hebrew letter Gimel × Hebrew letter Gimel ג גִימֵל g IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Hebrew letter Dalet × Hebrew letter Dalet ד דָלֶת d IPA: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Hebrew letter He × Hebrew letter He ה הֵא h IPA: [h]~[e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Hebrew letter Vav × Hebrew letter Vav ו וָו v IPA: [v] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Hebrew letter Zayin × Hebrew letter Zayin ז זַיִן z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Hebrew letter Chet × Hebrew letter Chet ח חֵית ch IPA: [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Hebrew letter Tet × Hebrew letter Tet ט טֵית t IPA: [t] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Hebrew letter Yod × Hebrew letter Yod י יוֹד y IPA: [j] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Hebrew letter Kaf × Hebrew letter Kaf כ כַף k IPA: [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Hebrew letter Kaf (final) × Hebrew letter Kaf (final) ך כַף סוֹפִית k IPA: [x]~[χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Hebrew letter Lamed × Hebrew letter Lamed ל לָמֶד l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Hebrew letter Mem × Hebrew letter Mem מ מֵם m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Hebrew letter Mem (final) × Hebrew letter Mem (final) ם מֵם סוֹפִית m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Hebrew letter Nun × Hebrew letter Nun נ נוּן n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Hebrew letter Nun (final) × Hebrew letter Nun (final) ן נוּן סוֹפִית n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Hebrew letter Samekh × Hebrew letter Samekh ס סָמֶךְ s IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Hebrew letter Ayin × Hebrew letter Ayin ע עַיִן ʿ IPA: [o]~[ō], ∅ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Hebrew letter Pe × Hebrew letter Pe פ פֵא f IPA: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Hebrew letter Pe (final) × Hebrew letter Pe (final) ף פֵא סוֹפִית f IPA: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Hebrew letter Tsadi × Hebrew letter Tsadi צ צָדִי ts IPA: [ts] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) × Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) ץ צָדִי סוֹפִית ts IPA: [ts] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Hebrew letter Qof × Hebrew letter Qof ק קוֹף k IPA: [k] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Hebrew letter Resh × Hebrew letter Resh ר רֵישׁ r IPA: [ʁ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Hebrew letter Shin × Hebrew letter Shin ש שִׁׂי sh IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Hebrew letter Tav × Hebrew letter Tav ת תָו t IPA: [t] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Square Maalouli	Abjad ??? - ???	Square Maalouli letter Alef × Square Maalouli letter Alef a, e, i, o, u, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū IPA: ∅ Derived from Hebrew letter Alef (א).		Square Maalouli letter Bet × Square Maalouli letter Bet v IPA: /v/ Derived from Hebrew letter Bet (ב).		Square Maalouli letter Gimel × Square Maalouli letter Gimel g IPA: /ɣ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Gimel (ג).		Square Maalouli letter Dalet × Square Maalouli letter Dalet d IPA: /ð/ Derived from Hebrew letter Dalet (ד).			Square Maalouli letter He × Square Maalouli letter He h IPA: /h/ Derived from Hebrew letter He (ה).				Square Maalouli letter Vav × Square Maalouli letter Vav w IPA: /w/ Derived from Hebrew letter Vav (ו).				Square Maalouli letter Zayin × Square Maalouli letter Zayin z IPA: /z/ Derived from Hebrew letter Zayin (ז).	Square Maalouli letter Ḥet × Square Maalouli letter Ḥet ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Chet (ח).		Square Maalouli letter Ṭet × Square Maalouli letter Ṭet ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tet (ט).		Square Maalouli letter Yod × Square Maalouli letter Yod y IPA: /j/ Derived from Hebrew letter Yod (י).		Square Maalouli letter Kaf × Square Maalouli letter Kaf ẖ IPA: /x/ Derived from Hebrew letter Kaf (כ). Square Maalouli letter Kaf (final) × Square Maalouli letter Kaf (final) ẖ IPA: /x/ Derived from Hebrew letter Kaf (final) (ך).	Square Maalouli letter Lamed × Square Maalouli letter Lamed l IPA: /l/ Derived from Hebrew letter Lamed (ל).	Square Maalouli letter Mem × Square Maalouli letter Mem m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hebrew letter Mem (מ). Square Maalouli letter Mem (final) × Square Maalouli letter Mem (final) m IPA: /m/ Derived from Hebrew letter Mem (final) (ם).	Square Maalouli letter Nun × Square Maalouli letter Nun n IPA: /n/ Derived from Hebrew letter Nun (נ). Square Maalouli letter Nun (final) × Square Maalouli letter Nun (final) n IPA: /n/ Derived from Hebrew letter Nun (final) (ן).			Square Maalouli letter Samekh × Square Maalouli letter Samekh s IPA: /s/ Derived from Hebrew letter Samekh (ס).		Square Maalouli letter Ayin × Square Maalouli letter Ayin ҁ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Ayin (ע).		Square Maalouli letter Pe × Square Maalouli letter Pe f IPA: /f/ Derived from Hebrew letter Pe (פ). Square Maalouli letter Pe (final) × Square Maalouli letter Pe (final) f IPA: /f/ Derived from Hebrew letter Pe (final) (ף).	Square Maalouli letter Tsadi × Square Maalouli letter Tsadi ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tsadi (צ). Square Maalouli letter Tsadi (final) × Square Maalouli letter Tsadi (final) ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tsadi (final) (ץ).			Square Maalouli letter Qof × Square Maalouli letter Qof q IPA: /k/~/ḳ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Qof (ק).	Square Maalouli letter Resh × Square Maalouli letter Resh r IPA: /r/ Derived from Hebrew letter Resh (ר).	Square Maalouli letter Shin × Square Maalouli letter Shin š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Shin (ש).					Square Maalouli letter Tav × Square Maalouli letter Tav ṯ IPA: /θ/ Derived from Hebrew letter Tav (ת).
Inscriptional Parthian	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph × Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph 𐭀 𐭀𐭋𐭐 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth 𐭁 𐭁𐭕 b IPA: /b/, /v/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel × Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel 𐭂 𐭂𐭐𐭋 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth 𐭃 𐭃𐭋𐭕 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Inscriptional Parthian letter He × Inscriptional Parthian letter He 𐭄 𐭄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw × Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw 𐭅 𐭅𐭅 w IPA: /v/, /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin × Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin 𐭆 𐭆𐭉𐭍 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth 𐭇 𐭇𐭕 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth × Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth 𐭈 𐭈𐭕 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh 𐭉 𐭉𐭃 j IPA: /j/, /ĕː/, /ĭː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph × Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph 𐭊 𐭊𐭐 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh 𐭋 𐭋𐭌𐭃 l IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem × Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem 𐭌 𐭌𐭌 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun × Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun 𐭍 𐭍𐭍 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh 𐭎 𐭎𐭌𐭊 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Ayin × Inscriptional Parthian letter Ayin 𐭏 𐭏𐭉𐭃 ʿ IPA: /ʔ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe × Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe 𐭐 𐭐 p IPA: /p/, /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe × Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe 𐭑 𐭑𐭃 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Inscriptional Parthian letter Qoph × Inscriptional Parthian letter Qoph 𐭒 𐭒𐭐 q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Resh × Inscriptional Parthian letter Resh 𐭓 𐭓𐭔 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Inscriptional Parthian letter Shin × Inscriptional Parthian letter Shin 𐭔 𐭔𐭍 sh IPA: /ʃ/, /ʒ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw × Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw 𐭕 𐭕𐭅 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Inscriptional Pahlavi	Abjad 3 c. CE - 6 c. CE	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph 𐭠 𐭠𐭋𐭐 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Aleph (𐭀).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth 𐭡 𐭡𐭕 b IPA: /b/, /w/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Beth (𐭁).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel 𐭢 𐭢𐭌𐭋 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Gimel (𐭂).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth 𐭣 𐭣𐭫𐭲 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Daleth (𐭃).			Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He 𐭤 𐭤 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter He (𐭄).				Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐭥 w, ʿ, r IPA: /u/, /o/, /v/, /ʕ/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Waw (𐭅).				Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin 𐭦 𐭦𐭩𐭭 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Zayin (𐭆).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth 𐭧 𐭧𐭲 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Heth (𐭇).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Teth 𐭨 𐭨𐭲 t IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Teth (𐭈).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh 𐭩 𐭩𐭣 j IPA: /j/, /eː/, /iː/, /d̠͡ʒ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Yodh (𐭉).		Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph 𐭪 𐭪𐭯 k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Kaph (𐭊).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh 𐭫 𐭫𐭬𐭣 l IPA: /l/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph 𐭬 m, q IPA: /m/, /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Mem (𐭌).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun 𐭭 𐭭𐭭 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Nun (𐭍).			Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh 𐭮 𐭮𐭬𐭪 s IPA: /s/, /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Samekh (𐭎).				Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe 𐭯 𐭯 p IPA: /p/, /b/, /f/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Pe (𐭐).	Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe 𐭰 𐭰𐭣 s IPA: /t̠͡ʃ/, /d̠͡ʒ/, /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Sadhe (𐭑).					Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin 𐭱 𐭱𐭭 sh IPA: /ʃ// Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Šīn (𐭔).					Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw × Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw 𐭲 𐭲𐭥 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Inscriptional Parthian letter Taw (𐭕).
Book Pahlavi	Abjad 5 c. CE - Present	Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth × Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth ʾ, h, x Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph (𐭠).		Book Pahlavi letter Beth × Book Pahlavi letter Beth b Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth (𐭡).		Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh × Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh g, d, y Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel (𐭢).		Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth × Old Book Pahlavi letter Daleth d Used in historical spellings. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth (𐭣).			Book Pahlavi letter He × Book Pahlavi letter He h Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He (𐭤).				Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh × Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh w, n, ʿ, r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).				Book Pahlavi letter Zayin × Book Pahlavi letter Zayin z Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin (𐭆).							Book Pahlavi letter Kaph × Book Pahlavi letter Kaph k Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊). Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph × Old Book Pahlavi letter Kaph k Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊).	Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh × Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh × Book Pahlavi letter Stroked Lamadh l, r Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh × Book Pahlavi letter Hooked Lamadh l Used in Aramaic heterograms. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋). Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh × Old Book Pahlavi letter Lamedh l Used in Aramaic heterograms. Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph m, q Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem (𐭌).				Book Pahlavi letter Samekh × Book Pahlavi letter Samekh s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎). Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh × Alternate Book Pahlavi letter Samekh s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎).				Book Pahlavi letter Pe × Book Pahlavi letter Pe p Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe (𐭐).	Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Book Pahlavi letter Sadhe s Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe (𐭑).					Book Pahlavi letter Shin × Book Pahlavi letter Shin sh Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin (𐭔).					Book Pahlavi letter Taw × Book Pahlavi letter Taw t Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw (𐭕).
Avestan	Alphabet 5/6 c. CE - Present	Avestan letter A × Avestan letter A 𐬀 a IPA: /a/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Aleph-Heth.		Avestan letter Be × Avestan letter Be 𐬠 b IPA: /b/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Beth.				Avestan letter De × Avestan letter De 𐬛 d IPA: /d/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Gimel-Daleth-Yodh.							Avestan letter Ne × Avestan letter Ne 𐬥 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter I × Avestan letter I 𐬌 i IPA: /ɪ/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter Re × Avestan letter Re 𐬭 r IPA: /r/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Waw-Nun-Ayin-Resh. Avestan letter Ae × Avestan letter Ae 𐬆 ə IPA: /ə/ Derived from Cursive Greek letter Epsilon (ε)..				Avestan letter Ze × Avestan letter Ze 𐬰 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Zayin.							Avestan letter Ke × Avestan letter Ke 𐬐 k IPA: /k/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Kaph. Avestan letter Ghe × Avestan letter Ghe 𐬖 γ IPA: /ɣ/ Resembles Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐮉)..		Avestan letter Me × Avestan letter Me 𐬨 m IPA: /m/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph.				Avestan letter Se × Avestan letter Se 𐬯 s IPA: /s/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Samekh.				Avestan letter Pe × Avestan letter Pe 𐬞 p IPA: /p/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Pe.						Avestan letter She × Avestan letter She 𐬱 š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Shin.					Avestan letter Te × Avestan letter Te 𐬙 t IPA: /t/ Derived from Book Pahlavi letter Taw.
Psalter Pahlavi	Abjad Mid 6 c. CE - 7 c. CE	Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Aleph 𐮀 𐮀𐮊𐮎 ʾ IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Aleph (𐭠).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Beth 𐮁 𐮁𐮑 b IPA: /b/, /w/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Beth (𐭡).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel × Psalter Pahlavi letter Gimel 𐮂 𐮂𐮋𐮊 g IPA: /g/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Gimel (𐭢).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Daleth 𐮃 𐮃𐮊𐮑 d IPA: /d/, /j/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Daleth (𐭣).			Psalter Pahlavi letter He × Psalter Pahlavi letter He 𐮄 𐮄 h IPA: /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter He (𐭤).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh 𐮅 w, ʿ, r IPA: /u/, /o/, /v/, /ʕ/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Waw-Ayin-Resh (𐭥).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin × Psalter Pahlavi letter Zayin 𐮆 𐮆𐮈𐮌 z IPA: /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Zayin (𐭆).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth × Psalter Pahlavi letter Heth 𐮇 𐮇𐮑 h IPA: /h/, /x/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Heth (𐭇).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Yodh 𐮈 𐮈𐮃 j IPA: /j/, /eː/, /iː/, /d̠͡ʒ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Yodh (𐭉).		Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Kaph 𐮉 𐮉𐮎 k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Kaph (𐭊).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Lamadh 𐮊 𐮊𐮋𐮃 l IPA: /l/, /r/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Lamadh (𐭋).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph × Psalter Pahlavi letter Mem-Qoph 𐮋 m, q IPA: /m/, /q/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Mem (𐭌).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun × Psalter Pahlavi letter Nun 𐮌 𐮌𐮌 n IPA: /n/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Nun (𐭍).			Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh × Psalter Pahlavi letter Samekh 𐮍 𐮍𐮋𐮉 s IPA: /s/, /h/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Samekh (𐭎).				Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe × Psalter Pahlavi letter Pe 𐮎 𐮎 p IPA: /p/, /b/, /f/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Pe (𐭐).	Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe × Psalter Pahlavi letter Sadhe 𐮏 𐮏𐮃 s IPA: /t̠͡ʃ/, /d̠͡ʒ/, /z/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Sadhe (𐭑).					Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin × Psalter Pahlavi letter Shin 𐮐 𐮐𐮌 sh IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Shin (𐭔).					Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw × Psalter Pahlavi letter Taw 𐮑 𐮑𐮅 t IPA: /t/, /d/ Derived from Inscriptional Pahlavi letter Taw (𐭕).
Elymaic	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Elymaic letter Aleph × Elymaic letter Aleph 𐿠 𐿠𐿫𐿰 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Elymaic letter Beth × Elymaic letter Beth 𐿡 𐿡𐿵 b Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Elymaic letter Gimel × Elymaic letter Gimel 𐿢‎ 𐿢𐿬𐿫 g Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Elymaic letter Daleth × Elymaic letter Daleth 𐿣 𐿣𐿫𐿵 d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Elymaic letter He × Elymaic letter He 𐿤 𐿤 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Elymaic letter Waw × Elymaic letter Waw 𐿥 𐿥𐿥 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Elymaic letter Zayin × Elymaic letter Zayin 𐿦 𐿦𐿩𐿭 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Elymaic letter Heth × Elymaic letter Heth 𐿧 𐿧𐿵 ḥ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Elymaic letter Teth × Elymaic letter Teth 𐿨 𐿨𐿵 ṭ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Elymaic letter Yodh × Elymaic letter Yodh 𐿩 𐿩𐿣 j Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Elymaic letter Kaph × Elymaic letter Kaph 𐿪 𐿪𐿰 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Elymaic letter Lamedh × Elymaic letter Lamedh 𐿫 𐿫𐿬𐿣 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Elymaic letter Mem × Elymaic letter Mem 𐿬 𐿬𐿬 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Elymaic letter Nun × Elymaic letter Nun 𐿭 𐿭𐿭 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Elymaic letter Samekh × Elymaic letter Samekh 𐿮 𐿮𐿬𐿪 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Elymaic letter Ayin × Elymaic letter Ayin 𐿯 𐿯𐿩𐿭 ʿ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Elymaic letter Pe × Elymaic letter Pe 𐿰 𐿰 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Elymaic letter Sadhe × Elymaic letter Sadhe 𐿱 𐿱𐿣 ṣ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Elymaic letter Qoph × Elymaic letter Qoph 𐿲 𐿲𐿰 q Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Elymaic letter Res × Elymaic letter Res 𐿳 𐿳𐿴 r Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Elymaic letter Shin × Elymaic letter Shin 𐿴 𐿴𐿭 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Elymaic letter Taw × Elymaic letter Taw 𐿵 𐿵𐿥 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Classical Nabataean	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph × Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph 𐢁 𐢁𐢑𐢘 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph (final) 𐢀 𐢁𐢑𐢘 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Classical Nabataean letter Bēth × Classical Nabataean letter Bēth 𐢃 𐢃𐢞 b IPA: [b] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (final) 𐢂 𐢃𐢞 b IPA: [b] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Classical Nabataean letter Gāmal × Classical Nabataean letter Gāmal 𐢄 𐢄𐢓𐢐 g IPA: [ɡ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Classical Nabataean letter Dālath × Classical Nabataean letter Dālath 𐢅 𐢅𐢑𐢞 d IPA: [d] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Classical Nabataean letter Hē × Classical Nabataean letter Hē 𐢇 𐢇 h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Classical Nabataean letter Hē (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Hē (final) 𐢆 𐢇 h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Classical Nabataean letter Waw × Classical Nabataean letter Waw 𐢈 w IPA: [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Classical Nabataean letter Zain × Classical Nabataean letter Zain 𐢉 𐢉𐢍𐢔 z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Classical Nabataean letter Khēth × Classical Nabataean letter Khēth 𐢊 𐢊𐢞 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Classical Nabataean letter Ṭēth × Classical Nabataean letter Ṭēth 𐢋 𐢋𐢞 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Classical Nabataean letter Iodh × Classical Nabataean letter Iodh 𐢍 𐢍𐢅 y IPA: [j] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (final) 𐢌 𐢍𐢅 y IPA: [j] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Classical Nabataean letter Kāph × Classical Nabataean letter Kāph 𐢏 𐢏𐢘 k IPA: [k] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Classical Nabataean letter Kāph (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Kāph (final) 𐢎 𐢏𐢘 k IPA: [k] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh × Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh 𐢑 𐢑𐢓𐢅 l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (final) 𐢐 𐢑𐢓𐢅 l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Classical Nabataean letter Mem × Classical Nabataean letter Mem 𐢓 𐢓𐢒 m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Classical Nabataean letter Mem (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Mem (final) 𐢒 𐢓𐢒 m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Classical Nabataean letter Nun × Classical Nabataean letter Nun 𐢕 𐢕𐢔 n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Classical Nabataean letter Nun (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Nun (final) 𐢔 𐢕𐢔 n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Classical Nabataean letter Semkath × Classical Nabataean letter Semkath 𐢖 𐢖𐢓𐢎 ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Classical Nabataean letter Ayin × Classical Nabataean letter Ayin 𐢗 𐢗𐢍𐢔 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Classical Nabataean letter Pē × Classical Nabataean letter Pē 𐢘 𐢘 p IPA: [p] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē × Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē 𐢙 𐢙𐢅 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Classical Nabataean letter Qoph × Classical Nabataean letter Qoph 𐢚 𐢚𐢘 q IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Classical Nabataean letter Rēš × Classical Nabataean letter Rēš 𐢛 𐢛𐢜 r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Classical Nabataean letter Šīn × Classical Nabataean letter Šīn 𐢝 𐢝𐢔 š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Classical Nabataean letter Šīn (final) × Classical Nabataean letter Šīn (final) 𐢜 𐢝𐢔 š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Classical Nabataean letter Taw × Classical Nabataean letter Taw 𐢞 𐢞𐢈 t IPA: [t] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Late Nabataean	Abjad 3 c. CE - 5 c. CE	Late Nabataean letter Ālaph × Late Nabataean letter Ālaph ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ālaph (𐢁).		Late Nabataean letter Bēth × Late Nabataean letter Bēth b IPA: [b] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Bēth (𐢃).		Late Nabataean letter Gāmal × Late Nabataean letter Gāmal g IPA: [ɡ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Gāmal (𐢄).		Late Nabataean letter Dālath × Late Nabataean letter Dālath d IPA: [d] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Dālath (𐢅).			Late Nabataean letter Hē × Late Nabataean letter Hē h IPA: [h] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Hē (𐢇). Late Nabataean letter Hē (final) × Late Nabataean letter Hē (final) h IPA: [h] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Hē (final) (𐢆).				Late Nabataean letter Waw × Late Nabataean letter Waw w IPA: [w] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Waw (𐢈).				Late Nabataean letter Zain × Late Nabataean letter Zain z IPA: [z] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Zain (𐢉).	Late Nabataean letter Khēth × Late Nabataean letter Khēth ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Khēth (𐢊).		Late Nabataean letter Ṭēth × Late Nabataean letter Ṭēth ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ṭēth (𐢋).		Late Nabataean letter Iodh × Late Nabataean letter Iodh y IPA: [j] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (𐢍). Late Nabataean letter Iodh (final) × Late Nabataean letter Iodh (final) y IPA: [j] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Iodh (final) (𐢌).		Late Nabataean letter Kāph × Late Nabataean letter Kāph k IPA: [k] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Kāph (𐢏).	Late Nabataean letter Lāmadh × Late Nabataean letter Lāmadh l IPA: [l] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Lāmadh (𐢑).	Late Nabataean letter Mem × Late Nabataean letter Mem m IPA: [m] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Mem (𐢓).	Late Nabataean letter Nun × Late Nabataean letter Nun n IPA: [n] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Nun (𐢕).			Late Nabataean letter Semkath × Late Nabataean letter Semkath ś IPA: [s] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Semkath (𐢖).		Late Nabataean letter Ayin × Late Nabataean letter Ayin ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ayin (𐢗).		Late Nabataean letter Pē × Late Nabataean letter Pē p IPA: [p] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Pē (𐢘).	Late Nabataean letter Ṩādhē × Late Nabataean letter Ṩādhē ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Ṩādhē (𐢙).			Late Nabataean letter Qoph × Late Nabataean letter Qoph q IPA: [q] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Qoph (𐢚).	Late Nabataean letter Rēš × Late Nabataean letter Rēš r IPA: [r] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Rēš (𐢛).	Late Nabataean letter Šīn × Late Nabataean letter Šīn š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Šīn (𐢝).					Late Nabataean letter Taw × Late Nabataean letter Taw t IPA: [t] Derived from Classical Nabataean letter Taw (𐢞).
Arabic	Abjad 4 c. CE - Present	Arabic letter ʾalif × Arabic letter ʾalif ا أَلِف ʾ IPA: /aː/, /ʔ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ālaph.		Arabic letter Bāʾ × Arabic letter Bāʾ ب بَاء b IPA: /b/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Bēth.		Arabic letter Jīm × Arabic letter Jīm ج جِيم j IPA: /d͡ʒ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Gāmal.		Arabic letter Dāl × Arabic letter Dāl د دَال d IPA: /d/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Dālath.			Arabic letter Hāʾ × Arabic letter Hāʾ ه هَاء h IPA: /h/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Hē.				Arabic letter Wāw × Arabic letter Wāw و وَاو w IPA: /w/, /uː/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Waw.				Arabic letter Zāy × Arabic letter Zāy ز زَاي z IPA: /z/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Zain.	Arabic letter Ḥāʾ × Arabic letter Ḥāʾ ح حَاء ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Khēth.		Arabic letter Ṭāʾ × Arabic letter Ṭāʾ ط طَاء ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ṭēth.		Arabic letter Yāʾ × Arabic letter Yāʾ ي يَاء y IPA: /j/, /iː/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Iodh.		Arabic letter Kāf × Arabic letter Kāf ك كَاف k IPA: /k/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Kāph.	Arabic letter Lām × Arabic letter Lām ل لاَم l IPA: /l/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Lāmadh.	Arabic letter Mīm × Arabic letter Mīm م مِيم m IPA: /m/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Mem.	Arabic letter Nūn × Arabic letter Nūn ن نُون n IPA: /n/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Nun.					Arabic letter ʿayn × Arabic letter ʿayn ع عَيْن ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ayin.		Arabic letter Fāʾ × Arabic letter Fāʾ ف فَاء f IPA: /f/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Pē.	Arabic letter Ṣād × Arabic letter Ṣād ص صَاد ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Ṩādhē.			Arabic letter Qāf × Arabic letter Qāf ق قَاف q IPA: /q/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Qoph.	Arabic letter Rāʾ × Arabic letter Rāʾ ر رَاء r IPA: /r/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Rēš.	Arabic letter Sīn × Arabic letter Sīn س سِين s IPA: /s/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Šīn.					Arabic letter Tāʾ × Arabic letter Tāʾ ت تَاء t IPA: /t/ Derived from Late Nabataean letter Taw.
Palmyrene	Abjad 1 c. BCE - 3 c. CE	Palmyrene letter Aleph × Palmyrene letter Aleph 𐡠 𐡠𐡫𐡱 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Palmyrene letter Beth × Palmyrene letter Beth 𐡡 𐡡𐡶 b Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Palmyrene letter Gimel × Palmyrene letter Gimel 𐡢‎ 𐡢𐡬𐡫 g Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Palmyrene letter Daleth × Palmyrene letter Daleth 𐡣 𐡣𐡫𐡶 d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Palmyrene letter He × Palmyrene letter He 𐡤 𐡤 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Palmyrene letter Waw × Palmyrene letter Waw 𐡥‎ 𐡥𐡥 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Palmyrene letter Zayin × Palmyrene letter Zayin 𐡦 𐡦𐡩𐡣 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Palmyrene letter Heth × Palmyrene letter Heth 𐡧 𐡧𐡶 ḥ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Palmyrene letter Teth × Palmyrene letter Teth 𐡨 𐡨𐡶 ṭ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Palmyrene letter Yodh × Palmyrene letter Yodh 𐡩 𐡩𐡣 j Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Palmyrene letter Kaph × Palmyrene letter Kaph 𐡪 𐡪𐡱 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Palmyrene letter Lamedh × Palmyrene letter Lamedh 𐡫 𐡫𐡬𐡣 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Palmyrene letter Mem × Palmyrene letter Mem 𐡬 𐡬𐡬 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Palmyrene letter Nun × Palmyrene letter Nun 𐡮 𐡮𐡭 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Palmyrene letter Nun (final) × Palmyrene letter Nun (final) 𐡭 𐡮𐡭 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Palmyrene letter Samekh × Palmyrene letter Samekh 𐡯 𐡯𐡬𐡪 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Palmyrene letter Ayin × Palmyrene letter Ayin 𐡰 𐡰𐡦𐡭 ʿ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Palmyrene letter Pe × Palmyrene letter Pe 𐡱 𐡱 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Palmyrene letter Sadhe × Palmyrene letter Sadhe 𐡲 𐡲𐡣 ṣ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Palmyrene letter Qoph × Palmyrene letter Qoph 𐡳 𐡳𐡱 q Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Palmyrene letter Res × Palmyrene letter Res 𐡴 𐡴𐡵 r Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Palmyrene letter Shin × Palmyrene letter Shin 𐡵 𐡵𐡭 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Palmyrene letter Taw × Palmyrene letter Taw 𐡶 𐡶𐡥 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Hatran	Abjad c. 98 BCE - 240 CE	Hatran letter Aleph × Hatran letter Aleph 𐣠 𐣠𐣫𐣰 ʾ IPA: [ʔ], ∅ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Hatran letter Beth × Hatran letter Beth 𐣡 𐣡𐣵 hard: b, soft: ḇ IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Hatran letter Gimel × Hatran letter Gimel 𐣢‎ 𐣢𐣬𐣫 hard: g, soft: ḡ IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Hatran letter Daleth × Hatran letter Daleth 𐣣 𐣣𐣫𐣵 hard: d, soft: ḏ IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Hatran letter He × Hatran letter He 𐣤 𐣤 h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Hatran letter Waw × Hatran letter Waw 𐣥 𐣥𐣥 consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Hatran letter Zayin × Hatran letter Zayin 𐣦 𐣦𐣩𐣭 z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Hatran letter Heth × Hatran letter Heth 𐣧 𐣧𐣵 ḥ IPA: [ħ], [x], or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Hatran letter Teth × Hatran letter Teth 𐣨 𐣨𐣵 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Hatran letter Yodh × Hatran letter Yodh 𐣩 𐣩𐣣 consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Hatran letter Kaph × Hatran letter Kaph 𐣪‎ 𐣪𐣰 hard: k, soft: ḵ IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Hatran letter Lamedh × Hatran letter Lamedh 𐣫 𐣫𐣬𐣣 l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Hatran letter Mem × Hatran letter Mem 𐣬 𐣬𐣬 m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Hatran letter Nun × Hatran letter Nun 𐣭 𐣭𐣭 n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Hatran letter Samekh × Hatran letter Samekh 𐣮 𐣮𐣬𐣪 s IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Hatran letter Ayin × Hatran letter Ayin 𐣯 𐣯𐣩𐣭 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Hatran letter Pe × Hatran letter Pe 𐣰 𐣰 hard: p, soft: p̄ IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Hatran letter Sadhe × Hatran letter Sadhe 𐣱 𐣱𐣣 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Hatran letter Qoph × Hatran letter Qoph 𐣲 𐣲𐣰 q IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Hatran letter Res × Hatran letter Res 𐣣 𐣣𐣴 r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Hatran letter Shin × Hatran letter Shin 𐣴 𐣴𐣭 š IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Hatran letter Taw × Hatran letter Taw 𐣵 𐣵𐣥 hard: t, soft: ṯ IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Syriac	Abjad 1 c. CE - Present	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʾĀlep̄ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʾĀlep̄ ܐ ܐܠܦ ʾ, ∅, mater lectionis: ā IPA: [ʔ], ∅, mater lectionis: [ɑ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʾĀlap̄ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʾĀlep̄ ܐ ܐܠܦ ʾ, ∅, mater lectionis: ā IPA: [ʔ], ∅, mater lectionis: [ɑ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʾĀlap̄/Olaf × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʾĀlap̄/Olaf ʾ, ∅, mater lectionis: ā IPA: [ʔ], ∅, mater lectionis: [ɑ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Bēṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Bēṯ ܒ ܒܝܬ hard: b, soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Bēṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Bēṯ ܒ ܒܝܬ hard: b, soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Bēṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Bēṯ hard: b, soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) IPA: hard: [b], soft: [v] or [w] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Gāmal × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Gāmal ܓ ܓܡܠ hard: g, soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Gāmal × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Gāmal ܓ ܓܡܠ hard: g, soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Gāmal × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Gāmal hard: g, soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) IPA: hard: [ɡ], soft: [ɣ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Dālaṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Dālaṯ ܕ ܕܠܬ hard: d, soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Dālaṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Dālaṯ ܕ ܕܠܬ hard: d, soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Dālaṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Dālaṯ hard: d, soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) IPA: hard: [d], soft: [ð] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Hē × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Hē ܗ ܗܐ h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Hē × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Hē ܗ ܗܐ h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Hē × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Hē h IPA: [h] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Waw × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Waw ܘ ܘܘ consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Waw × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Waw ܘ ܘܘ consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Waw × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Waw consonant: w, mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) IPA: consonant: [w], mater lectionis: [u] or [o] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Zayn × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Zayn ܙ ܙܝܢ z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Zayn × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Zayn ܙ ܙܝܢ z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Zayn × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Zayn z IPA: [z] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ḥēṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ḥēṯ ܚ ܛܝܬ ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) IPA: [ħ], [x] or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ḥēṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ḥēṯ ܚ ܛܝܬ ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) IPA: [ħ], [x] or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ḥēṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ḥēṯ ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) IPA: [ħ], [x] or [χ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṭēṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṭēṯ ܛ ܛܝܬ ṭ (also T or ţ) IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṭēṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṭēṯ ܛ ܛܝܬ ṭ (also T or ţ) IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṭēṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṭēṯ/h3> ṭ (also T or ţ) IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Yōḏ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Yōḏ ܝ ܝܘܕ consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī (also i) IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Yōḏ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Yōḏ ܝ ܝܘܕ consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī (also i) IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Yōḏ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Yōḏ consonant: y, mater lectionis: ī (also i) IPA: consonant: [j], mater lectionis: [i] or [e] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Kāp̄ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Kāp̄ ܟ ܟܦ hard: k, soft: ḵ (also kh or x) IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Kāp̄ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Kāp̄ ܟ ܟܦ hard: k, soft: ḵ (also kh or x) IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Kāp̄ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Kāp̄ hard: k, soft: ḵ (also kh or x) IPA: hard: [k], soft: [x] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Lāmaḏ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Lāmaḏ ܠ ܠܡܕ l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Lāmaḏ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Lāmaḏ ܠ ܠܡܕ l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Lāmaḏ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Lāmaḏ l IPA: [l] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Mīm × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Mīm ܡ ܡܝܡ m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Mīm × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Mīm ܡ ܡܝܡ m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Mīm × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Mīm m IPA: [m] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Nūn × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Nūn ܢ ܢܘܢ n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Nūn × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Nūn ܢ ܢܘܢ n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Nūn × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Nūn n IPA: [n] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Semkaṯ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Semkaṯ ܣ ܣܡܟܬ ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Semkaṯ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Semkaṯ ܣ ܣܡܟܬ ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Semkaṯ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Semkaṯ ś IPA: [s] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʿĒ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter ʿĒ ܥ ܥܐ ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʿĒ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter ʿĒ ܥ ܥܐ ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʿĒ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter ʿĒ ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Pē × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Pē ܦ ܦܐ hard: p, soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Pē × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Pē ܦ ܦܐ hard: p, soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Pē × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Pē hard: p, soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) IPA: hard: [p], soft: [f] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṣāḏē × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Ṣāḏē ܨ ܨܕܐ ṣ (also S or ş) IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṣāḏē × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Ṣāḏē ܨ ܨܕܐ ṣ (also S or ş) IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṣāḏē × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Ṣāḏē ṣ (also S or ş) IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Qōp̄ × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Qōp̄ ܩ ܩܘܦ q (also ḳ) IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Qōp̄ × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Qōp̄ ܩ ܩܘܦ q (also ḳ) IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Qōp̄ × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Qōp̄ q (also ḳ) IPA: [q] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Rēš × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Rēš ܪ ܪܝܫ r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Rēš × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Rēš ܪ ܪܝܫ r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Rēš × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Rēš r IPA: [r] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Šīn × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Šīn ܫ ܫܝܢ š (also sh) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Šīn × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Šīn ܫ ܫܝܢ š (also sh) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Šīn × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Šīn š (also sh) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Taw × ʾEsṭrangēlā/Classical Syriac letter Taw ܬ ܬܘ hard: t, soft: ṯ (also th or θ) IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Taw × Maḏnḥāyā/Eastern Syriac letter Taw ܬ ܬܘ hard: t, soft: ṯ (also th or θ) IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Taw × Serṭā/Western Syriac letter Taw hard: t, soft: ṯ (also th or θ) IPA: hard: [t], soft: [θ] Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Sogdian	Abjad 1/2 c. CE - 11 c. CE	Old Sogdian letter Aleph × Old Sogdian letter Aleph 𐼀 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀). Cursive Sogdian letter Aleph × Cursive Sogdian letter Aleph 𐼰 ʾ Derived from Old Sogdian letter Aleph (𐼀).		Old Sogdian letter Beth × Old Sogdian letter Beth 𐼂 β Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁). Cursive Sogdian letter Beth × Cursive Sogdian letter Beth 𐼱 β Derived from Old Sogdian letter Beth (𐼂).		Old Sogdian letter Gimel × Old Sogdian letter Gimel 𐼄 γ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂). Cursive Sogdian letter Gimel × Cursive Sogdian letter Gimel 𐼲 γ Derived from Old Sogdian letter Gimel (𐼄).					Old Sogdian letter He × Old Sogdian letter He 𐼅 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄). Cursive Sogdian letter He × Cursive Sogdian letter He 𐼳 h Derived from Old Sogdian letter He (𐼅).				Old Sogdian letter Waw × Old Sogdian letter Waw 𐼇 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅). Cursive Sogdian letter Waw × Cursive Sogdian letter Waw 𐼴 w Derived from Old Sogdian letter Waw (𐼇).				Old Sogdian letter Zayn × Old Sogdian letter Zayn 𐼈 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆). Cursive Sogdian letter Zayn × Cursive Sogdian letter Zayn 𐼵 z Derived from Old Sogdian letter Zayn (𐼈).	Old Sogdian letter Heth × Old Sogdian letter Heth 𐼉 x Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇). Cursive Sogdian letter Heth × Cursive Sogdian letter Heth 𐼶 x Derived from Old Sogdian letter Heth (𐼉).				Old Sogdian letter Yodh × Old Sogdian letter Yodh 𐼊 y Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉). Cursive Sogdian letter Yodh × Cursive Sogdian letter Yodh 𐼷 y Derived from Old Sogdian letter Yodh (𐼊).		Old Sogdian letter Kaph × Old Sogdian letter Kaph 𐼋 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊). Cursive Sogdian letter Kaph × Cursive Sogdian letter Kaph 𐼸 k Derived from Old Sogdian letter Kaph (𐼋).	Old Sogdian letter Lamedh × Old Sogdian letter Lamedh 𐼌 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋). Cursive Sogdian letter Lamedh × Cursive Sogdian letter Lamedh 𐼹 l Derived from Old Sogdian letter Lamedh (𐼌).	Old Sogdian letter Mem × Old Sogdian letter Mem 𐼍 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌). Cursive Sogdian letter Mem × Cursive Sogdian letter Mem 𐼺 m Derived from Old Sogdian letter Mem (𐼍).	Old Sogdian letter Nun × Old Sogdian letter Nun 𐼎 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍). Cursive Sogdian letter Nun × Cursive Sogdian letter Nun 𐼻 n Derived from Old Sogdian letter Nun (𐼎).			Old Sogdian letter Samekh × Old Sogdian letter Samekh 𐼑 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎). Cursive Sogdian letter Samekh × Cursive Sogdian letter Samekh 𐼼 s Derived from Old Sogdian letter Samekh (𐼑).				Old Sogdian letter Pe × Old Sogdian letter Pe 𐼔 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐). Cursive Sogdian letter Pe × Cursive Sogdian letter Pe 𐼾 p Derived from Old Sogdian letter Pe (𐼔).	Old Sogdian letter Sadhe × Old Sogdian letter Sadhe 𐼕 c Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑). Cursive Sogdian letter Sadhe × Cursive Sogdian letter Sadhe 𐼿 c Derived from Old Sogdian letter Sadhe (𐼕).				Old Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin-Daleth × Old Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin-Daleth 𐼘 r, ˁ, d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓). Cursive Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin × Cursive Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin 𐽀 r, ˁ Derived from Old Sogdian letter Resh-Ayin-Daleth (𐼘).	Old Sogdian letter Shin × Old Sogdian letter Shin 𐼙 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔). Cursive Sogdian letter Shin × Cursive Sogdian letter Shin 𐽁 š Derived from Old Sogdian letter Shin (𐼙).					Old Sogdian letter Taw × Old Sogdian letter Taw 𐼚 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕). Cursive Sogdian letter Taw × Cursive Sogdian letter Taw 𐽂 t Derived from Old Sogdian letter Taw (𐼚).
Old Uyghur	Abjad 8 c. CE - 19 c. CE	Old Uyghur letter Aleph		Old Uyghur letter Beth		Old Uyghur letter Gimel-heth									Old Uyghur letter Waw				Old Uyghur letter Zayin	Old Uyghur letter Gimel-heth				Old Uyghur letter Yodh		Old Uyghur letter Kaph	Old Uyghur letter Lamedh	Old Uyghur letter Mem	Old Uyghur letter Nun			Old Uyghur letter Samekh				Old Uyghur letter Pe	Old Uyghur letter Sadhe				Old Uyghur letter Resh	Old Uyghur letter Shin					Old Uyghur letter Taw
Mongolian	Alphabet 1204. CE - Present	Mongolian letter A (isolated) Mongolian letter E (isolated)				Mongolian letter Qa (isolated) Mongolian letter Ga (isolated)									Mongolian letter O (isolated) Mongolian letter U (isolated) Mongolian letter Oe (isolated) Mongolian letter Ue (isolated)				Mongolian letter Sa (isolated)	Mongolian letter Qa (isolated) Mongolian letter Ga (isolated)				Mongolian letter I (isolated) Mongolian letter Ya (isolated) Mongolian letter Ja (isolated)		Mongolian letter Qa (isolated) Mongolian letter Ga (isolated)	Mongolian letter Ta (isolated) Mongolian letter Da (isolated)	Mongolian letter Ma (isolated)	Mongolian letter Na (isolated)			Mongolian letter Sa (isolated) Mongolian letter Sha (isolated)				Mongolian letter Ba (isolated)	Mongolian letter Cha (isolated) Mongolian letter Ja (isolated)				Mongolian letter La (isolated) Mongolian letter Ra (isolated)	Mongolian letter Sa (isolated)					Mongolian letter Ta (isolated) Mongolian letter Da (isolated)
Galik	Alphabet 1587 CE - ???	Galik letter A (isolated) Galik letter E (isolated)		Galik letter Ee (isolated) Galik letter Wa (isolated)		Galik letter Qa (isolated) Galik letter Ga (isolated)									Galik letter O (isolated) Galik letter U (isolated) Galik letter Oe (isolated) Galik letter Ue (isolated)				Galik letter Sa (isolated)	Galik letter Qa (isolated) Galik letter Ga (isolated)				Galik letter I (isolated) Galik letter Ya (isolated) Galik letter Ja (isolated)		Galik letter Qa (isolated) Galik letter Ga (isolated)	Galik letter Ta (isolated) Galik letter Da (isolated)	Galik letter Ma (isolated)	Galik letter Na (isolated)			Galik letter Sa (isolated) Galik letter Sha (isolated)				Galik letter Ba (isolated)	Galik letter Cha (isolated) Galik letter Ja (isolated)				Galik letter La (isolated) Galik letter Ra (isolated)	Galik letter Sa (isolated)					Galik letter Ta (isolated) Galik letter Da (isolated)
Manchu	Alphabet 1599 CE - Present	Manchu letter A (isolated) Manchu letter E (isolated)													Manchu letter O (isolated)				Manchu letter Sa (isolated)					Manchu letter Ya (isolated) Manchu letter Ja (isolated)				Manchu letter Ma (isolated)	Manchu letter Na (isolated)			Manchu letter Sa (isolated)				Manchu letter Ba (isolated)	Manchu letter Cha (isolated) Manchu letter Ja (isolated)				Manchu letter La (isolated) Manchu letter Ra (isolated)	Manchu letter Sa (isolated)
Xibe	Alphabet ??? - ???	Xibe letter A (isolated) Xibe letter E (isolated)													Xibe letter O (isolated)				Xibe letter Sa (isolated)					Xibe letter Ya (isolated) Xibe letter Ja (isolated)				Xibe letter Ma (isolated)	Xibe letter Na (isolated)			Xibe letter Sa (isolated)				Xibe letter Ba (isolated)					Xibe letter La (isolated) Xibe letter Ra (isolated)	Xibe letter Sa (isolated)
Clear	Alphabet 1648 CE - Present	Clear letter A (isolated)		Clear letter Wa (isolated)											Clear letter O (isolated)				Clear letter Sa (isolated)										Clear letter Na (isolated)			Clear letter Sa (isolated) Clear letter Sha (isolated)					Clear letter Cha (isolated)				Clear letter La (isolated)	Clear letter Sha (isolated)					Clear letter Ta (isolated) Clear letter Da (isolated)
Vagindra	Alphabet c.1905 CE - 1910 CE
Armazian	Abjad ??? - 5 c. CE	Armazian letter Aleph × Armazian letter Aleph ʾ IPA: /ʔ/, /aː/, /eː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Armazian letter Beth × Armazian letter Beth b IPA: /b/, /v/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Armazian letter Gimel × Armazian letter Gimel g IPA: /ɡ/, /ɣ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Armazian letter Daleth × Armazian letter Daleth d IPA: /d/, /ð/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Armazian letter He × Armazian letter He h IPA: /h/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Armazian letter Waw × Armazian letter Waw w IPA: /w/; /oː/, /uː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Armazian letter Zayin × Armazian letter Zayin z IPA: /z/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Armazian letter Heth × Armazian letter Heth ḥ IPA: /ħ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Armazian letter Teth × Armazian letter Teth ṭ IPA: /tˤ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Armazian letter Yodh × Armazian letter Yodh y IPA: /j/; /iː/, /eː/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Armazian letter Kaph × Armazian letter Kaph k IPA: /k/, /x/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Armazian letter Lamedh × Armazian letter Lamedh l IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Armazian letter Mem × Armazian letter Mem m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Armazian letter Nun × Armazian letter Nun n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Armazian letter Samekh × Armazian letter Samekh s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Armazian letter Ayin × Armazian letter Ayin ʿ IPA: /ʕ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Armazian letter Pe × Armazian letter Pe p IPA: /p/, /f/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Armazian letter Sadhe × Armazian letter Sadhe ṣ IPA: /sˤ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Armazian letter Qoph × Armazian letter Qoph q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Armazian letter Res × Armazian letter Res r IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Armazian letter Shin × Armazian letter Shin š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Armazian letter Taw × Armazian letter Taw t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Khwarezmian	Abjad 2 c. CE - 9 c. CE	Khwarezmian letter Aleph × Khwarezmian letter Aleph 𐾰 𐾰𐾼𐿁 ʾ IPA: /[ʔ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Khwarezmian letter Beth × Khwarezmian letter Beth 𐾲 𐾲𐿄 b IPA: /[b]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Khwarezmian letter Gimel × Khwarezmian letter Gimel 𐾳‎ 𐾳𐾽𐾼 g IPA: /[ɡ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Khwarezmian letter Daleth × Khwarezmian letter Daleth 𐾴 𐾴𐾼𐿄 d IPA: /[d]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Khwarezmian letter He × Khwarezmian letter He 𐾵 𐾵 h IPA: /[h]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Khwarezmian letter Waw × Khwarezmian letter Waw 𐾶 𐾶𐾶 w IPA: /[w]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Khwarezmian letter Zayin × Khwarezmian letter Zayin 𐾸 𐾸𐾺𐾾 z IPA: /[z]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Khwarezmian letter Heth × Khwarezmian letter Heth 𐾹 𐾹𐿄 ḥ IPA: /[ħ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).				Khwarezmian letter Yodh × Khwarezmian letter Yodh 𐾺 𐾺𐾴 y IPA: /[j]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Khwarezmian letter Kaph × Khwarezmian letter Kaph 𐾻‎ 𐾻𐿁 k IPA: /[k]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Khwarezmian letter Lamedh × Khwarezmian letter Lamedh 𐾼 𐾼𐾽𐾴 l IPA: /[l]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Khwarezmian letter Mem × Khwarezmian letter Mem 𐾽 𐾽𐾽 m IPA: /[m]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Khwarezmian letter Nun × Khwarezmian letter Nun 𐾾 𐾾𐾾 n IPA: /[n]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Khwarezmian letter Samekh × Khwarezmian letter Samekh 𐾿 𐾿𐾽𐾻 s IPA: /[s]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Khwarezmian letter Ayin × Khwarezmian letter Ayin 𐿀 𐿀𐾺𐾾 ʿ IPA: /[ʕ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Khwarezmian letter Pe × Khwarezmian letter Pe 𐿁 𐿁 p IPA: /[p]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).					Khwarezmian letter Res × Khwarezmian letter Res 𐿂 𐿂𐿃 r IPA: /[r]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Khwarezmian letter Shin × Khwarezmian letter Shin 𐿃 𐿃𐾾 š IPA: /[ʃ]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Khwarezmian letter Taw × Khwarezmian letter Taw 𐿄 𐿄𐾶 t IPA: /[t]/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Mandaic	Alphabet 2 c. CE - Present	Mandaic letter A × Mandaic letter A ࡀ a IPA: /a/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Mandaic letter Ba × Mandaic letter Ba ࡁ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Mandaic letter Ga × Mandaic letter Ga ࡂ‎ g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Mandaic letter Da × Mandaic letter Da ࡃ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Mandaic letter Ha × Mandaic letter Ha ࡄ h IPA: /h/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Mandaic letter Wa × Mandaic letter Wa ࡅ u IPA: /u, w/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Mandaic letter Za × Mandaic letter Za ࡆ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Mandaic letter Eh × Mandaic letter Eh ࡇ ẖ IPA: /χ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Mandaic letter Ṭa × Mandaic letter Ṭa ࡈ ṭ IPA: /tˠ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Mandaic letter Ya × Mandaic letter Ya ࡉ i IPA: /i, j/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Mandaic letter Ka × Mandaic letter Ka ࡊ k IPA: /k/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Mandaic letter La × Mandaic letter La ࡋ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Mandaic letter Ma × Mandaic letter Ma ࡌ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Mandaic letter Na × Mandaic letter Na ࡍ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Mandaic letter Sa × Mandaic letter Sa ࡎ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Mandaic letter E × Mandaic letter E ࡏ ʿ IPA: /e/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Mandaic letter Pa × Mandaic letter Pa ࡐ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Mandaic letter Ṣa × Mandaic letter Ṣa ࡑ ṣ IPA: /sˠ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Mandaic letter Qa × Mandaic letter Qa ࡒ q IPA: /q/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Mandaic letter Ra × Mandaic letter Ra ࡓ r IPA: /r/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Mandaic letter Ša × Mandaic letter Ša ࡔ š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Mandaic letter Ta × Mandaic letter Ta ࡕ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Manichaean	Abjad 3 c. CE - 10 c. CE	Manichaean letter Aleph × Manichaean letter Aleph 𐫀 ʾ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ālaph (𐡀).		Manichaean letter Beth × Manichaean letter Beth 𐫁 b Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Bēth (𐡁).		Manichaean letter Gimel × Manichaean letter Gimel 𐫃 g Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Gāmal (𐡂).		Manichaean letter Daleth × Manichaean letter Daleth 𐫅 d Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Dālath (𐡃).			Manichaean letter He × Manichaean letter He 𐫆 h Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Hē (𐡄).				Manichaean letter Waw × Manichaean letter Waw 𐫇 w Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Waw (𐡅).				Manichaean letter Zayin × Manichaean letter Zayin 𐫉 z Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Zain (𐡆).	Manichaean letter Heth × Manichaean letter Heth 𐫍 ḥ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Khēth (𐡇).		Manichaean letter Teth × Manichaean letter Teth 𐫎 ṭ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṭēth (𐡈).		Manichaean letter Yodh × Manichaean letter Yodh 𐫏 y Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Iodh (𐡉).		Manichaean letter Kaph × Manichaean letter Kaph 𐫐 k Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Kāph (𐡊).	Manichaean letter Lamedh × Manichaean letter Lamedh 𐫓 l Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Lāmadh (𐡋).	Manichaean letter Mem × Manichaean letter Mem 𐫖 m Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Mem (𐡌).	Manichaean letter Nun × Manichaean letter Nun 𐫗 n Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Nun (𐡍).			Manichaean letter Samekh × Manichaean letter Samekh 𐫘 s Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Semkath (𐡎).		Manichaean letter Ayin × Manichaean letter Ayin 𐫙 ʿ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ayin (𐡏).		Manichaean letter Pe × Manichaean letter Pe 𐫛 p Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Pē (𐡐).	Manichaean letter Sadhe × Manichaean letter Sadhe 𐫝 ṣ Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Ṩādhē (𐡑).			Manichaean letter Qoph × Manichaean letter Qoph 𐫞 q Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Qoph (𐡒).	Manichaean letter Resh × Manichaean letter Resh 𐫡 r Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Rēš (𐡓).	Manichaean letter Shin × Manichaean letter Shin 𐫢 š Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Šīn (𐡔).					Manichaean letter Taw × Manichaean letter Taw 𐫤 t Derived from Imperial Aramaic letter Taw (𐡕).
Archaic Greek	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 4 c. BCE	Archaic Greek letter Alpha × Archaic Greek letter Alpha a IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Archaic Greek letter Beta × Archaic Greek letter Beta b IPA: /b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Archaic Greek letter Gamma × Archaic Greek letter Gamma g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Archaic Greek letter Delta × Archaic Greek letter Delta d IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Archaic Greek letter Ei × Archaic Greek letter Ei e IPA: /e/, /eː/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).			Archaic Greek letter Digamma × Archaic Greek letter Digamma w IPA: /w/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).	Archaic Greek letter U × Archaic Greek letter U u IPA: /u/, /uː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Archaic Greek letter Zeta × Archaic Greek letter Zeta z IPA: [zd](?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Eta (eastern variant) h IPA: /h/, /ɛː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).	Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant) × Archaic Greek letter Eta (southern/western variant) h IPA: /h/, /ɛː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).	Archaic Greek letter Theta × Archaic Greek letter Theta th IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Archaic Greek letter Iota × Archaic Greek letter Iota i IPA: /i/, /iː/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Archaic Greek letter Kappa × Archaic Greek letter Kappa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Archaic Greek letter Lambda × Archaic Greek letter Lambda l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Archaic Greek letter Mu × Archaic Greek letter Mu m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Archaic Greek letter Nu × Archaic Greek letter Nu n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Xi (eastern variant) ks IPA: /ks/ Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Archaic Greek letter Ou × Archaic Greek letter Ou o IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Archaic Greek letter Pi × Archaic Greek letter Pi p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Archaic Greek letter San × Archaic Greek letter San s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Archaic Greek letter Koppa × Archaic Greek letter Koppa k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Archaic Greek letter Rho × Archaic Greek letter Rho r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Archaic Greek letter Sigma × Archaic Greek letter Sigma s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Archaic Greek letter Tau × Archaic Greek letter Tau t IPA: /t/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).	Archaic Greek letter Phi × Archaic Greek letter Phi ph IPA: /pʰ/ Likely derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant) × Archaic Greek letter Chi (western variant) kh IPA: /kʰ/ Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant) × Archaic Greek letter Chi (eastern variant) kh IPA: /kʰ/	Archaic Greek letter Sampi × Archaic Greek letter Sampi ss or ts IPA: /ss/ or /ts/								Archaic Greek letter Psi × Archaic Greek letter Psi ps IPA: /ps/	Archaic Greek letter Ō × Archaic Greek letter Ō o IPA: /ɔː/ Derived from Archaic Greek letter Ou.
Lydian	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Lydian letter A		Lydian letter B		Lydian letter G		Lydian letter D			Lydian letter E			Lydian letter V	Lydian letter U									Lydian letter I		Lydian letter K	Lydian letter L	Lydian letter M	Lydian letter N					Lydian letter O			Lydian letter An				Lydian letter R	Lydian letter SS					Lydian letter T
Carian	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Carian letter A		Carian letter P				Carian letter D			Carian letter I			Carian letter Y	Carian letter U					Carian letter E							Carian letter L	Carian letter M	Carian letter N					Carian letter O		Carian letter B	Carian letter Sam			Carian letter Koppa	Carian letter R						Carian letter T											Carian letter K
Etruscan	Alphabet 650 BCE - 1 c. BCE	Old Italic letter A Archaic Etruscan letter A Neo-Etruscan letter A		Old Italic letter Be Archaic Etruscan letter Be		Old Italic letter Ke Archaic Etruscan letter Ke Neo-Etruscan letter Ke		Old Italic letter De Archaic Etruscan letter De			Old Italic letter E Archaic Etruscan letter E Neo-Etruscan letter E			Old Italic letter Ve Archaic Etruscan letter Ve Neo-Etruscan letter Ve	Old Italic letter U Archaic Etruscan letter U Neo-Etruscan letter U				Old Italic letter Ze Archaic Etruscan letter Ze Neo-Etruscan letter Ze		Old Italic letter He Archaic Etruscan letter He Neo-Etruscan letter He	Old Italic letter The Archaic Etruscan letter The Neo-Etruscan letter The		Old Italic letter I Archaic Etruscan letter I Neo-Etruscan letter I		Old Italic letter Ka Archaic Etruscan letter Ka	Old Italic letter El Archaic Etruscan letter El Neo-Etruscan letter El	Old Italic letter Em Archaic Etruscan letter Em Neo-Etruscan letter Em	Old Italic letter En Archaic Etruscan letter En Neo-Etruscan letter En			Old Italic letter s᫈ Archaic Etruscan letter s᫈		Old Italic letter O Archaic Etruscan letter O		Old Italic letter P Archaic Etruscan letter P Neo-Etruscan letter P	Old Italic letter She Archaic Etruscan letter She Neo-Etruscan letter She			Old Italic letter Ku Archaic Etruscan letter Ku	Old Italic letter Er Archaic Etruscan letter Er Neo-Etruscan letter Er	Old Italic letter Es Archaic Etruscan letter Es Neo-Etruscan letter Es					Old Italic letter Te Archaic Etruscan letter Te Neo-Etruscan letter Te	Old Italic letter Phe Archaic Etruscan letter Phe Neo-Etruscan letter Phe	Old Italic letter Eks Archaic Etruscan letter Eks									Old Italic letter Khe Archaic Etruscan letter Khe Neo-Etruscan letter Khe
Latin	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - Present	Latin letter A (majuscule) Latin letter A (minuscule)		Latin letter B (majuscule) Latin letter B (minuscule)		Latin letter C (majuscule) Latin letter C (minuscule)	Latin letter G (majuscule) Latin letter G (minuscule)	Latin letter D (majuscule) Latin letter D (minuscule)			Latin letter E (majuscule) Latin letter E (minuscule)			Latin letter F (majuscule) Latin letter F (minuscule)	Latin letter Y (majuscule) Latin letter Y (minuscule)	Latin letter V (majuscule) Latin letter V (minuscule)	Latin letter U (majuscule) Latin letter U (minuscule)	Latin letter W (majuscule) Latin letter W (minuscule)	Latin letter Z (majuscule) Latin letter Z (minuscule)	Latin letter H (majuscule) Latin letter H (minuscule)				Latin letter I (majuscule) Latin letter I (minuscule)	Latin letter J (majuscule) Latin letter J (minuscule)	Latin letter K (majuscule) Latin letter K (minuscule)	Latin letter L (majuscule) Latin letter L (minuscule)	Latin letter M (majuscule) Latin letter M (minuscule)	Latin letter N (majuscule) Latin letter N (minuscule)					Latin letter O (majuscule) Latin letter O (minuscule)		Latin letter P (majuscule) Latin letter P (minuscule)				Latin letter Q (majuscule) Latin letter Q (minuscule)	Latin letter R (majuscule) Latin letter R (minuscule)	Latin letter S (majuscule) Latin letter S (minuscule)					Latin letter T (majuscule) Latin letter T (minuscule)		Latin letter X (majuscule) Latin letter X (minuscule)
Elder Futhark	Alphabet 1 c. CE - 8 c. CE	Elder Futhark letter *ansuz		Elder Futhark letter *berkanan		Elder Futhark letter ?*kaunan	Elder Futhark letter *jēra-	Elder Futhark letter *dagaz			Elder Futhark letter *ehwaz			Elder Futhark letter *fehu			Elder Futhark letter ?*ūruz	Elder Futhark letter *wunjō	Elder Futhark letter ?*algiz	Elder Futhark letter *hagalaz		Elder Futhark letter ?*þurisaz		Elder Futhark letter *īsaz			Elder Futhark letter *laguz	Elder Futhark letter *mannaz	Elder Futhark letter *naudiz					Elder Futhark letter ōþila-/ōþala-		Elder Futhark letter ?*perþ-					Elder Futhark letter *raidō	Elder Futhark letter *sōwilō					Elder Futhark letter *tīwaz		Elder Futhark letter *gebō
Anglo-Saxon runes	Alphabet 5 c. CE - 11 c. CE	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Os/Ōs		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Berc/Beorc		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Cen/Cēn	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Gær/Gēar	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Dæg/Dæg			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Eh			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Feh/Feoh			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Ur/Ūr	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Wyn/Wynn		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Hægil/Hægl		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Ðorn/Þorn		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Is/Īs			Anglo Saxon Runic letter Lagu	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Mon/Mann	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Næd/Nēod					Anglo Saxon Runic letter Oedil/Ēðel		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Peord/Peorð					Anglo Saxon Runic letter Rada/Rād	Anglo Saxon Runic letter Sygil/Sigel					Anglo Saxon Runic letter Ti/Tīw		Anglo Saxon Runic letter Geofu/Gyfu
Marcomannic runes	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 9 c. CE	Marcomannic Runic letter Asch (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Asch (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Asch (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter Birith (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Birith (variant 2)		Marcomannic Runic letter Khen (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Khen (variant 2)	Marcomannic Runic letter Gibu (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Gibu (variant 2)				Marcomannic Runic letter Eho			Marcomannic Runic letter Fehc (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Fehc (variant 2)			Marcomannic Runic letter Hur (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Hur (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Hur (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter Ziu (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Ziu (variant 2)	Marcomannic Runic letter Hagale (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Hagale (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Hagale (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter Thorn (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Thorn (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Thorn (variant 3)		Marcomannic Runic letter His			Marcomannic Runic letter Lagu	Marcomannic Runic letter Man	Marcomannic Runic letter Not (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Not (variant 2)					Marcomannic Runic letter Othil (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Othil (variant 2)		Marcomannic Runic letter Perch (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Perch (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Perch (variant 3)					Marcomannic Runic letter Rehit (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Rehit (variant 2) Marcomannic Runic letter Rehit (variant 3)	Marcomannic Runic letter Suhil (variant 1) Marcomannic Runic letter Suhil (variant 2)					Marcomannic Runic letter Tac
Younger Futhark	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 12 c. CE	Younger Futhark letter As/Oss (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter As/Oss (short-twig)		Younger Futhark letter Björk/Bjarkan/Bjarken (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Björk/Bjarkan/Bjarken (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Björk/Bjarkan/Bjarken (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Kaun (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Kaun (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Kaun (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Ár (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Ár (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Ár (staveless)							Younger Futhark letter Fé (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Fé (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Fé (staveless)			Younger Futhark letter Úr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Úr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Úr (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Yr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Yr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Yr (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Hagall (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Hagall (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Hagall (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Thurs (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Thurs (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Thurs (staveless)		Younger Futhark letter Ísa/Íss (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Ísa/Íss (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Ísa/Íss (staveless)			Younger Futhark letter Lögr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Lögr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Lögr (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Maðr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Maðr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Maðr (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Nauðr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Nauðr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Maðr (staveless)												Younger Futhark letter Reið (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Reið (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Reið (staveless)	Younger Futhark letter Sól (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Sól (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Sól (staveless)					Younger Futhark letter Týr (long-branch) Younger Futhark letter Týr (short-twig) Younger Futhark letter Týr (staveless)
Medieval runes	Alphabet 12 c. CE - 17 c. CE	Medieval Runic letter ?		Medieval Runic letter Bjarka		Medieval Runic letter Kaun								Medieval Runic letter Fe			Medieval Runic letter Yr		Medieval Runic letter Ur	Medieval Runic letter Hagal		Medieval Runic letter Þurs		Medieval Runic letter Is			Medieval Runic letter Logur	Medieval Runic letter Maðer	Medieval Runic letter Nauð					Medieval Runic letter Os							Medieval Runic letter Reið	Medieval Runic letter Sol					Medieval Runic letter Tyr
Dalecarlian runes	Alphabet 17 c. CE - 20 c. CE	Dalecarlian Runic letter Ar		Dalecarlian Runic letter Birkä		Dalecarlian Runic letter Knäsol		Dalecarlian Runic letter Dors						Dalecarlian Runic letter Fir			Dalecarlian Runic letter Ur			Dalecarlian Runic letter Hagal				Dalecarlian Runic letter Is			Dalecarlian Runic letter Lagh	Dalecarlian Runic letter Madhär	Dalecarlian Runic letter Nådh							Dalecarlian Runic letter Pir					Dalecarlian Runic letter Re	Dalecarlian Runic letter Sol					Dalecarlian Runic letter Tir
Gothic	Alphabet 350 CE - Decline in c. 6 CE	Gothic letter Aza		Gothic letter Bercna		Gothic letter Geuua	Gothic letter Gaar	Gothic letter Daaz			Gothic letter Eyz			Gothic letter Fe	Gothic letter Uuinne		Gothic letter Uraz		Gothic letter Ezec	Gothic letter Haal	Gothic letter Uuaer			Gothic letter Iiz		Gothic letter Chozma	Gothic letter Laaz	Gothic letter Manna	Gothic letter Noicz							Gothic letter Pertra				Gothic letter ?	Gothic letter Reda	Gothic letter Sugil				Gothic letter Quetra	Gothic letter Tyz	Gothic letter Thyth	Gothic letter Enguz	Gothic letter ?									Gothic letter Utal
Cherokee	Syllabary c. 1820 CE - Present	Cherokee letter Go (majuscule) Cherokee letter Go (minuscule)		Cherokee letter Yv (majuscule) Cherokee letter Yv (minuscule)		Cherokee letter Tli (majuscule) Cherokee letter Tli (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Nah (majuscule) Cherokee letter Nah (minuscule)	Cherokee letter A (majuscule) Cherokee letter A (minuscule)			Cherokee letter Gv (majuscule) Cherokee letter Gv (minuscule)				Cherokee letter Gi (majuscule) Cherokee letter Gi (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Do (majuscule) Cherokee letter Do (minuscule)		Cherokee letter La (majuscule) Cherokee letter La (minuscule)	Cherokee letter No (majuscule) Cherokee letter No (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Mi (majuscule) Cherokee letter Mi (minuscule)		Cherokee letter Na (majuscule) Cherokee letter Na (minuscule)			Cherokee letter Gu (majuscule) Cherokee letter Gu (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Tso (majuscule) Cherokee letter Tso (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Tle (majuscule) Cherokee letter Tle (minuscule)									Cherokee letter Pe (majuscule) Cherokee letter Pe (minuscule)					Cherokee letter Sv (majuscule) Cherokee letter Sv (minuscule)	Cherokee letter Du (majuscule) Cherokee letter Du (minuscule)
Vai	Syllabary c.1830 CE - Present			Vai letter Gba							Vai letter Tɔ																															Vai letter Po					Vai letter Gbe
Moon	Alphabet 1845 CE - Present	Moon letter A		Moon letter B		Moon letter C		Moon letter D			Moon letter E			Moon letter E		Moon letter V	Moon letter U		Moon letter Z					Moon letter I	Moon letter J	Moon letter K	Moon letter L		Moon letter N					Moon letter O
Deseret	Alphabet 1854 CE - 1869 CE
Woleai	Syllabary c.1910 CE - c. 1937 CE
Osage	Alphabet 2006 CE - Present	Osage letter A (majuscule) Osage letter A (Miniscule)															Osage letter U (majuscule) Osage letter U (Miniscule)		Osage letter Z (majuscule) Osage letter Z (Miniscule)							Osage letter K (majuscule) Osage letter K (Miniscule)	Osage letter L (majuscule) Osage letter L (Miniscule)	Osage letter M (majuscule) Osage letter M (Miniscule)	Osage letter N (majuscule) Osage letter N (Miniscule)					Osage letter O (majuscule) Osage letter O (Miniscule)		Osage letter P (majuscule) Osage letter P (Miniscule)						Osage letter S (majuscule) Osage letter S (Miniscule)
Faliscan	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 2 c. BCE	Faliscan letter A (variant 1) Faliscan letter A (variant 2)				Faliscan letter Ke		Faliscan letter De			Faliscan letter E				Faliscan letter U				Faliscan letter Ze		Faliscan letter He (variant 1) Faliscan letter He (variant 2)	Faliscan letter The		Faliscan letter I		Faliscan letter Ka	Faliscan letter El	Faliscan letter Em (variant 1) Faliscan letter Em (variant 2)	Faliscan letter En (variant 1) Faliscan letter En (variant 2)					Faliscan letter O		Faliscan letter P				Faliscan letter Ku	Faliscan letter Er (variant 1) Faliscan letter Er (variant 2)	Faliscan letter Es (variant 1) Faliscan letter Es (variant 2) Faliscan letter Es (variant 3)					Faliscan letter Te		Faliscan letter Eks
Rhaetic	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Rhaetic letter A (variant 1) Rhaetic letter A (variant 2)				Rhaetic letter Ke								Rhaetic letter Ve	Rhaetic letter U				Rhaetic letter Ze		Rhaetic letter He			Rhaetic letter I		Rhaetic letter Ka	Rhaetic letter El	Rhaetic letter Em	Rhaetic letter En							Rhaetic letter P	Rhaetic letter She				Rhaetic letter Er	Rhaetic letter Es (variant 1) Rhaetic letter Es (variant 2)					Rhaetic letter Te (variant 1) Rhaetic letter Te (variant 2)	Rhaetic letter Phe	Rhaetic letter Eks
Lepontic	Alphabet 7 c. BCE - 5 c. BCE	Lepontic letter A									Lepontic letter E			Lepontic letter Ve	Lepontic letter U				Lepontic letter Ze			Lepontic letter The		Lepontic letter I		Lepontic letter Ka	Lepontic letter El	Lepontic letter Em	Lepontic letter En					Lepontic letter O		Lepontic letter P	Lepontic letter She				Lepontic letter Er	Lepontic letter Es					Lepontic letter Te		Lepontic letter Eks
Venetic	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Venetic letter A (variant 1) Venetic letter A (variant 2)				Venetic letter Ke					Venetic letter E			Venetic letter Ve	Venetic letter U				Venetic letter Ze (variant 1) Venetic letter Ze (variant 2)		Venetic letter He (variant 1) Venetic letter He (variant 2)	Venetic letter The		Venetic letter I		Venetic letter Ka	Venetic letter El	Venetic letter Em (variant 1) Venetic letter Em (variant 2)	Venetic letter En (variant 1) Venetic letter En (variant 2)					Venetic letter O		Venetic letter P	Venetic letter She				Venetic letter Er	Venetic letter Es (variant 1) Venetic letter Es (variant 2)					Venetic letter Te (variant 1) Venetic letter Te (variant 2)	Venetic letter Phe	Venetic letter Phe
Umbrian	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - 7 c. BCE	Umbrian letter A		Umbrian letter Be							Umbrian letter E			Umbrian letter Ve	Umbrian letter U				Umbrian letter Ze		Umbrian letter He	Umbrian letter The		Umbrian letter I		Umbrian letter Ka	Umbrian letter El	Umbrian letter Em	Umbrian letter En							Umbrian letter P	Umbrian letter She				Umbrian letter Er	Umbrian letter Es (variant 1) Umbrian letter Es (variant 2)					Umbrian letter Te
North Picene	Alphabet ?7 c. BCE - ???	North Picene letter A		North Picene letter Be		North Picene letter Ke (variant 1) North Picene letter Ke (variant 2)					North Picene letter E											North Picene letter The		North Picene letter I		North Picene letter Ka	North Picene letter El	North Picene letter Em	North Picene letter En					North Picene letter O		North Picene letter P	North Picene letter She (variant 1) North Picene letter She (variant 2)				North Picene letter Er						North Picene letter Te (variant 1) North Picene letter Te (variant 2)
South Picene	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - ???	South Picene letter A		South Picene letter Be		South Picene letter Ke		South Picene letter De			South Picene letter E			South Picene letter Ve	South Picene letter U						South Picene letter He			South Picene letter I		South Picene letter Ka	South Picene letter El	South Picene letter Em	South Picene letter En					South Picene letter O		South Picene letter P				South Picene letter Ku	South Picene letter Er	South Picene letter Es					South Picene letter Te
Camunian	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 37 CE	Camunian letter A (variant 1) Camunian letter A (variant 2) Camunian letter A (variant 3)		Camunian letter B (variant 1) Camunian letter B (variant 2)		Camunian letter G					Camunian letter E (variant 1) Camunian letter E (variant 2) Camunian letter E (variant 3)			Camunian letter F	Camunian letter U (variant 1) Camunian letter U (variant 2)				Camunian letter Z (variant 1) Camunian letter Z (variant 2)		Camunian letter H (variant 1) Camunian letter H (variant 2)	Camunian letter Th (variant 1) Camunian letter Th (variant 2)		Camunian letter I (variant 1) Camunian letter I (variant 2)		Camunian letter K	Camunian letter L (variant 1) Camunian letter L (variant 2)	Camunian letter M (variant 1) Camunian letter M (variant 2)	Camunian letter N (variant 1) Camunian letter N (variant 2)					Camunian letter O		Camunian letter P (variant 1) Camunian letter P (variant 2)					Camunian letter R (variant 1) Camunian letter R (variant 2)	Camunian letter S (variant 1) Camunian letter S (variant 2) Camunian letter S (variant 3)					Camunian letter T (variant 1) Camunian letter T (variant 2) Camunian letter T (variant 3)			Camunian letter Sho (variant 1) Camunian letter Sho (variant 2)
Oscan	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - ???	Oscan letter A		Oscan letter Be		Oscan letter Ke		Oscan letter De			Oscan letter E			Oscan letter Ve	Oscan letter U				Oscan letter Ze		Oscan letter He			Oscan letter I		Oscan letter Ka	Oscan letter El	Oscan letter Em	Oscan letter En							Oscan letter P					Oscan letter Er	Oscan letter Es					Oscan letter Te
Messapic	Alphabet 6 c. BCE - ???	Messapic letter Alpha		Messapic letter Beta		Messapic letter Gamma		Messapic letter Delta			Messapic letter Epsilon			Messapic letter Digamma					Messapic letter Zeta	Messapic letter Eta	Messapic letter Heta	Messapic letter Ṭheta		Messapic letter Iota		Messapic letter Kappa	Messapic letter Lambda	Messapic letter Mu	Messapic letter Nu			Messapic letter Xi		Messapic letter Omicron		Messapic letter Pi				Messapic letter Koppa	Messapic letter Rho	Messapic letter Sigma					Messapic letter Tau		Messapic letter Chi
Lycian	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 330 BCE	Lycian letter A		Lycian letter B		Lycian letter G		Lycian letter D			Lycian letter I			Lycian letter W					Lycian letter Z	Lycian letter H		Lycian letter Th		Lycian letter J		Lycian letter K	Lycian letter L	Lycian letter M	Lycian letter N					Lycian letter U		Lycian letter P					Lycian letter R	Lycian letter S					Lycian letter T
Greco-Iberian	Alphabet 5 c. BCE - 3 c. BCE	Greco-Iberian letter Alpha		Greco-Iberian letter Beta		Greco-Iberian letter Gamma		Greco-Iberian letter Delta							Greco-Iberian letter Upsilon					Greco-Iberian letter Eta				Greco-Iberian letter Iota		Greco-Iberian letter Kappa	Greco-Iberian letter Lambda		Greco-Iberian letter Nu					Greco-Iberian letter Omicron							Greco-Iberian letter Rho	Greco-Iberian letter Sigma					Greco-Iberian letter Tau			Greco-Iberian letter Sampi
Modern Greek	Alphabet 4 c. BCE - Present	Modern Greek letter Alpha (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Alpha (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Beta (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Beta (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Gamma (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Gamma (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Delta (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Delta (minuscule)			Modern Greek letter Epsilon (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Epsilon (minuscule)				Modern Greek letter Upsilon (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Upsilon (minuscule)				Modern Greek letter Zeta (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Zeta (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Eta (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Eta (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Theta (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Theta (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Iota (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Iota (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Kappa (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Kappa (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Lambda (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Lambda (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Mu (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Mu (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Nu (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Nu (minuscule)			Modern Greek letter Xi (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Xi (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Pi (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Pi (minuscule)		Modern Greek letter Koppa (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Koppa (minuscule)					Modern Greek letter Rho (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Rho (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Sigma (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Sigma (minuscule) Modern Greek letter Sigma (Final)					Modern Greek letter Tau (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Tau (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Phi (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Phi (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Chi (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Chi (minuscule)									Modern Greek letter Psi (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Psi (minuscule)	Modern Greek letter Omega (majuscule) Modern Greek letter Omega (minuscule)
Bactrian	Alphabet ?3 c. BCE - 1 c. BCE	Bactrian letter Alpha (majuscule) Bactrian letter Alpha (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Beta (majuscule) Bactrian letter Beta (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Gamma (majuscule) Bactrian letter Gamma (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Delta (majuscule) Bactrian letter Delta (minuscule)			Bactrian letter Epsilon (majuscule) Bactrian letter Epsilon (minuscule)				Bactrian letter Upsilon (majuscule) Bactrian letter Upsilon (minuscule)				Bactrian letter Zeta (majuscule) Bactrian letter Zeta (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Eta (majuscule) Bactrian letter Eta (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Ṭheta (majuscule) Bactrian letter Ṭheta (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Iota (majuscule) Bactrian letter Iota (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Kappa (majuscule) Bactrian letter Kappa (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Lambda (majuscule) Bactrian letter Lambda (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Mu (majuscule) Bactrian letter Mu (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Nu (majuscule) Bactrian letter Nu (minuscule)					Bactrian letter Omicron (majuscule) Bactrian letter Omicron (minuscule)		Bactrian letter Pi (majuscule) Bactrian letter Pi (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Sho (majuscule) Bactrian letter Sho (minuscule)				Bactrian letter Rho (majuscule) Bactrian letter Rho (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Sigma (majuscule) Bactrian letter Sigma (minuscule)					Bactrian letter Tau (majuscule) Bactrian letter Tau (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Phi (majuscule) Bactrian letter Phi (minuscule)	Bactrian letter Chi (majuscule) Bactrian letter Chi (minuscule)										Bactrian letter Omega (majuscule) Bactrian letter Omega (minuscule)
Coptic	Alphabet 2 c. BCE - Present	Coptic letter Alpha (majuscule) × Coptic letter Alpha (majuscule) Ⲁ Ⲁⲗⲫⲁ a Sahidic pronunciation: /a/ Bohairic pronunciation: /a/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ä/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Alpha (majuscule) (Α). Coptic letter Alpha (minuscule) × Coptic letter Alpha (minuscule) ⲁ Ⲁⲗⲫⲁ a Sahidic pronunciation: /a/ Bohairic pronunciation: /a/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ä/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Alpha (majuscule) (Α).		Coptic letter Beta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Beta (majuscule) Ⲃ Ⲃⲏⲧⲁ b/v Sahidic pronunciation: /β/ Bohairic pronunciation: /β/ (final [b]) Late Coptic pronunciation: /w/ (final [b]) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /b/, (/v/ before a vowel [except in a name]) Derived from Modern Greek letter Beta (majuscule) (Β). Coptic letter Beta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Beta (minuscule) ⲃ Ⲃⲏⲧⲁ b/v Sahidic pronunciation: /β/ Bohairic pronunciation: /β/ (final [b]) Late Coptic pronunciation: /w/ (final [b]) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /b/, (/v/ before a vowel [except in a name]) Derived from Modern Greek letter Beta (majuscule) (Β).		Coptic letter Gamma (majuscule) × Coptic letter Gamma (majuscule) Ⲅ Ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ gh/ng Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ (marked Greek words) Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /g/, ( /ɣ/ before Alpha, O or Oou Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ɣ/, /g/ (before /e̞/ or /i/), /ŋ/ (before /g/ or /k/) Derived from Modern Greek letter Gamma (majuscule) (Γ). Coptic letter Gamma (minuscule) × Coptic letter Gamma (minuscule) ⲅ Ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ gh/ng Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ (marked Greek words) Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /g/, ( /ɣ/ before Alpha, O or Oou Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ɣ/, /g/ (before /e̞/ or /i/), /ŋ/ (before /g/ or /k/) Derived from Modern Greek letter Gamma (majuscule) (Γ).		Coptic letter Delta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Delta (majuscule) Ⲇ Ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ d Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ (marked Greek words) Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /d/ (marked Greek words) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ð/, (/d/ in a name) Derived from Modern Greek letter Delta (majuscule) (Δ). Coptic letter Delta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Delta (minuscule) ⲇ Ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ d Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ (marked Greek words) Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /d/ (marked Greek words) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ð/, (/d/ in a name) Derived from Modern Greek letter Delta (majuscule) (Δ).			Coptic letter Eey (majuscule) × Coptic letter Eey (majuscule) Ⲉ Ⲉⲓ ə Sahidic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲉⲓ = /iː/, /j/) Bohairic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Late Coptic pronunciation:/æ/, /ɑ/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /e̞/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Epsilon (majuscule) (Ε). Coptic letter Eey (minuscule) × Coptic letter Eey (minuscule) ⲉ Ⲉⲓ ə Sahidic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲉⲓ = /iː/, /j/) Bohairic pronunciation: /ɛ/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Late Coptic pronunciation:/æ/, /ɑ/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /e̞/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Epsilon (majuscule) (Ε).				Coptic letter Upsilon (majuscule) × Coptic letter Epsilon (majuscule) Ⲩ Ⲉⲡⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ u Sahidic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Bohairic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /w/ (between "ⲟ" and another vowel except "ⲱ"), /v/ (after /ɑ/ (ⲁ or /e̞/ (ⲉ)), /u/ (digraph "ⲟⲩ") Derived from Modern Greek letter Upsilon (majuscule) (Υ). Coptic letter Upsilon (minuscule) × Coptic letter Epsilon (minuscule) ⲩ Ⲉⲡⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ u Sahidic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Bohairic pronunciation: /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /w/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /w/ (between "ⲟ" and another vowel except "ⲱ"), /v/ (after /ɑ/ (ⲁ or /e̞/ (ⲉ)), /u/ (digraph "ⲟⲩ") Derived from Modern Greek letter Upsilon (majuscule) (Υ).				Coptic letter Zeta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Zeta (majuscule) Ⲍ Ⲍⲏⲧⲁ z Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ (marked Greek words) Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /z/ (marked Greek words) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /z/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Zeta (majuscule) (Ζ). Coptic letter Zeta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Zeta (minuscule) ⲍ Ⲍⲏⲧⲁ z Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ (marked Greek words) Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /z/ (marked Greek words) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /z/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Zeta (majuscule) (Ζ).	Coptic letter Eta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Eta (majuscule) Ⲏ Ⲏⲧⲁ ee Sahidic pronunciation: /eː/ Bohairic pronunciation: /e/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/, /ɪ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /iː/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Eta (majuscule) (Η). Coptic letter Eta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Eta (minuscule) ⲏ Ⲏⲧⲁ ee Sahidic pronunciation: /eː/ Bohairic pronunciation: /e/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /æ/, /ɑ/, /ɪ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /iː/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Eta (majuscule) (Η).		Coptic letter Theta (majuscule) × Coptic letter Theta (majuscule) Ⲑ Ⲑⲏⲧⲁ th/t Sahidic pronunciation: /th/ Bohairic pronunciation: /tʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /t/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /θ/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Theta (majuscule) (Θ). Coptic letter Theta (minuscule) × Coptic letter Theta (minuscule) ⲑ Ⲑⲏⲧⲁ th/t Sahidic pronunciation: /th/ Bohairic pronunciation: /tʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /t/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /θ/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Theta (minuscule) (θ).		Coptic letter Iota (majuscule) × Coptic letter Iota (majuscule) Ⲓ Ⲓⲟⲧⲁ i/j/y Sahidic pronunciation: /iː/, /j/ Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /j/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/ (before vowels), /ɪ/ (after vowels to form diphthongs) Derived from Modern Greek letter Iota (majuscule) (Ι). Coptic letter Iota (minuscule) × Coptic letter Iota (minuscule) ⲓ Ⲓⲟⲧⲁ i/j/y Sahidic pronunciation: /iː/, /j/ Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/, /ə/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɪ/, /j/ (ⲓⲉ = /e/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /i/, /j/ (before vowels), /ɪ/ (after vowels to form diphthongs) Derived from Modern Greek letter Iota (minuscule) (ι).		Coptic letter Kappa (majuscule) × Coptic letter Kappa (majuscule) Ⲕ Ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ k Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ Bohairic pronunciation: /kʼ/, /k/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /k/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Kappa (majuscule) (Κ). Coptic letter Kappa (minuscule) × Coptic letter Kappa (minuscule) ⲕ Ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ k Sahidic pronunciation: /k/ Bohairic pronunciation: /kʼ/, /k/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /k/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Kappa (minuscule) (κ).	Coptic letter Lola (majuscule) × Coptic letter Lola (majuscule) Ⲗ Ⲗⲟⲗⲁ l Sahidic pronunciation: /l/ Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /l/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Lamda (minuscule) (λ). Coptic letter Lola (minuscule) × Coptic letter Lola (minuscule) ⲗ Ⲗⲟⲗⲁ l Sahidic pronunciation: /l/ Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /l/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /l/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Lamda (minuscule) (λ).	Coptic letter Mey (majuscule) × Coptic letter Mey (majuscule) Ⲙ Ⲙⲉⲓ m Sahidic pronunciation: /m/ Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /m/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Mu (majuscule) (Μ). Coptic letter Mey (minuscule) × Coptic letter Mey (minuscule) ⲙ Ⲙⲉⲓ m Sahidic pronunciation: /m/ Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /m/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /m/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Mu (majuscule) (Μ). Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (majuscule) × Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (majuscule) Ⲻ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35. Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (minuscule) × Old Coptic Dialect-P/Proto-Theban letter Ni (minuscule) ⲻ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. N35.	Coptic letter Ney (majuscule) × Coptic letter Ney (majuscule) Ⲛ Ⲛⲉⲓ n Sahidic pronunciation: /n/ Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /n/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Nu (majuscule) (Ν). Coptic letter Ney (minuscule) × Coptic letter Ney (minuscule) ⲛ Ⲛⲉⲓ n Sahidic pronunciation: /n/ Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /n/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /n/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Nu (majuscule) (Ν).			Coptic letter Exi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Exi (majuscule) Ⲝ Ⲉⲝⲓ x Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /ks/ (only in Greek loanwords) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ks/, [e̞ks] (usually following a consonant, or sometimes when starting a word) Derived from Modern Greek letter Xi (minuscule) (ξ). Coptic letter Exi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Exi (minuscule) ⲝ Ⲉⲝⲓ x Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: /ks/ (only in Greek loanwords) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ks/, [e̞ks] (usually following a consonant, or sometimes when starting a word) Derived from Modern Greek letter Xi (minuscule) (ξ).		Coptic letter O (majuscule) × Coptic letter O (majuscule) Ⲟ ⲟ o Sahidic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Bohairic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Late Coptic pronunciation: /o/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /o̞/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/) Derived from Modern Greek letter Omicron (majuscule) (Ο). Coptic letter O (minuscule) × Coptic letter (minuscule) ⲟ ⲟ o Sahidic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Bohairic pronunciation: /ɔ/ (ⲟⲩ = /uː/, /w/) Late Coptic pronunciation: /o/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/, /w/) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /o̞/ (ⲟⲩ = /u/) Derived from Modern Greek letter Omicron (minuscule) (ο).	Old Coptic letter Hat (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hat (majuscule) Ⳕ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28. Old Coptic letter Hat (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hat (minuscule) ⳕ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V28.	Coptic letter Pi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Pi (majuscule) Ⲡ Ⲡⲓ p Sahidic pronunciation: /p/ Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /b/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Pi (majuscule) (Π). Coptic letter Pi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Pi (minuscule) ⲡ Ⲡⲓ p Sahidic pronunciation: /p/ Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /b/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /p/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Pi (majuscule) (Π).					Coptic letter Roo (majuscule) × Coptic letter Roo (majuscule) Ⲣ Ⲣⲟ r Sahidic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Rho (majuscule) (Ρ). Coptic letter Roo (minuscule) × Coptic letter Roo (minuscule) ⲣ Ⲣⲟ r Sahidic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ɾ/~/r/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Rho (minuscule) (ρ).	Coptic letter Seema (majuscule) × Coptic letter Seema (majuscule) Ⲥ Ⲥⲓⲙⲁ s/c Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /s/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Sigma (majuscule) (Σ). Coptic letter Seema (minuscule) × Coptic letter Seema (minuscule) ⲥ Ⲥⲓⲙⲁ s/c Sahidic pronunciation: /s/ Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /s/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /s/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Sigma (majuscule) (Σ).				Coptic letter Soou (majuscule) × Coptic letter Soou (majuscule) Ⲋ Ⲥⲟⲟⲩ Sahidic pronunciation: /dz/ Bohairic pronunciation: /dz/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /dz/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /dz/ Derived from Modern Greek ligature Stigma (majuscule) (Ϛ). Coptic letter Soou (minuscule) × Coptic letter Soou (minuscule) ⲋ Ⲥⲟⲟⲩ Sahidic pronunciation: /dz/ Bohairic pronunciation: /dz/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /dz/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /dz/ Derived from Modern Greek ligature Stigma (minuscle) (ϛ).	Coptic letter Tau (majuscule) × Coptic letter Tau (majuscule) Ⲧ Ⲧⲁⲩ t/d Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /d/ (final [t]) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Tau (majuscule) (Τ). Coptic letter Tau (minuscule) × Coptic letter Tau (minuscule) ⲧ Ⲧⲁⲩ t/d Sahidic pronunciation: /t/ Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼ/, /t/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /d/ (final [t]) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /t/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Tau (majuscule) (Τ).	Coptic letter Phi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Phi (majuscule) Ⲫ Ⲫⲓ f Sahidic pronunciation: /ph/ Bohairic pronunciation: /pʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /b/~/f/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Phi (majuscule) (Φ). Coptic letter Phi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Phi (minuscule) ⲫ Ⲫⲓ f Sahidic pronunciation: /ph/ Bohairic pronunciation: /pʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /b/~/f/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Phi (majuscule) (Φ).	Coptic letter Chi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Chi (majuscule) Ⲭ Ⲭⲓ k/sh/kh Sahidic pronunciation: /kh/ Bohairic pronunciation: /kʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /k/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ (if the word is Coptic in origin), /x/ (if the word is Greek in origin), /ç/ (if the word is Greek in origin but before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Modern Greek letter Chi (minuscule) (χ). Coptic letter Chi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Chi (minuscule) ⲭ Ⲭⲓ k/sh/kh Sahidic pronunciation: /kh/ Bohairic pronunciation: /kʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /k/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /k/ (if the word is Coptic in origin), /x/ (if the word is Greek in origin), /ç/ (if the word is Greek in origin but before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Modern Greek letter Chi (minuscule) (χ).	Coptic letter Sampi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Sampi (majuscule) Ⳁ Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: — Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: — Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sampi and Modern Greek letter Rho (Ρ). Coptic letter Sampi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Sampi (minuscule) ⳁ Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: — Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: — Derived from Archaic Greek letter Sampi and Modern Greek letter Rho (Ρ).	Coptic letter Shai (majuscule) × Coptic letter Shai (majuscule) Ϣ Ϣⲁⲓ sh Sahidic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8. Coptic letter Shai (minuscule) × Coptic letter Shai (minuscule) ϣ Ϣⲁⲓ sh Sahidic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8. Old Coptic letter Shei (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Shei (majuscule) Ⳅ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8. Old Coptic letter Shei (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Shei (minuscule) ⳅ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M8.	Coptic letter Fai (majuscule) × Coptic letter Fai (majuscule) Ϥ Ϥⲁⲓ f Sahidic pronunciation: /f/ Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /f/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9. Coptic letter Fai (minuscule) × Coptic letter Fai (minuscule) ϥ Ϥⲁⲓ f Sahidic pronunciation: /f/ Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /f/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /f/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. I9.	Coptic letter Khai (majuscule) × Coptic letter Khai (majuscule) Ϧ Ϧⲁⲓ kh/q Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /x/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12. Coptic letter Khai (minuscule) × Coptic letter Khai (minuscule) ϧ Ϧⲁⲓ kh/q Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /x/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /x/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. M12.	Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) × Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) Ϩ Ϩⲟⲣⲓ h Sahidic pronunciation: /h/ Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /h/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1. Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) × Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) ϩ Ϩⲟⲣⲓ h Sahidic pronunciation: /h/ Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /h/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /h/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1. Old Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hori (majuscule) Ⳍ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1. Old Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) ⳍ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. F18 & Y1.	Coptic letter Janja (majuscule) × Coptic letter Janja (majuscule) Ϫ Ϫⲁⲛϫⲁ g/j Sahidic pronunciation: /t͡ʃ/ Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /t͡ʃ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɟ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /g/, /dʒ/ (before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29. Coptic letter Janja (minuscule) × Coptic letter Janja (minuscule) ϫ Ϫⲁⲛϫⲁ g/j Sahidic pronunciation: /t͡ʃ/ Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʼ/, /t͡ʃ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ɟ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /g/, /dʒ/ (before /e̞/ or /i/) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29. Old Coptic letter Gangia (majuscule) × Old Coptic letter Gangia (majuscule) Ⳗ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29. Old Coptic letter Gangia (minuscule) × Old Coptic letter Gangia (minuscule) ⳗ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. U29.	Coptic letter Cheema (majuscule) × Coptic letter Cheema (majuscule) Ϭ Ϭⲓⲙⲁ c/ch Sahidic pronunciation: /kʲ/ Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /tʃ/, [e̞tʃ] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31. Coptic letter Cheema (minuscule) × Coptic letter Cheema (minuscule) ϭ Ϭⲓⲙⲁ c/ch Sahidic pronunciation: /kʲ/ Bohairic pronunciation: /t͡ʃʰ/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /ʃ/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /tʃ/, [e̞tʃ] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. V31.	Coptic letter Ti (majuscule) × Coptic letter Ti (majuscule) Ϯ Ⲧⲓ ti Sahidic pronunciation: /tiː/ Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼi/, /ti/, /tə/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /di/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ti/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1. Coptic letter Ti (minuscule) × Coptic letter Ti (minuscule) ϯ Ⲧⲓ ti Sahidic pronunciation: /tiː/ Bohairic pronunciation: /tʼi/, /ti/, /tə/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /di/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /ti/ Derived from Demotic Egyptian Gardiner's Sign No. D37 & X1.	Coptic letter Epsi (majuscule) × Coptic letter Epsi (majuscule) Ⲯ Ⲉⲯⲓ ps Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: [bs] (only in Greek loanwords) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: [ps], [e̞ps] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Modern Greek letter Psi (majuscule) (Ψ). Coptic letter Epsi (minuscule) × Coptic letter Epsi (minuscule) ⲯ Ⲉⲯⲓ ps Sahidic pronunciation: — Bohairic pronunciation: — Late Coptic pronunciation: [bs] (only in Greek loanwords) Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: [ps], [e̞ps] (usually following a consonant) Derived from Modern Greek letter Psi (minuscule) (ψ).	Coptic letter Oou (majuscule) × Coptic letter Oou (majuscule) Ⲱ Ⲱⲩ o/w Sahidic pronunciation: /oː/ Bohairic pronunciation: /o/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /oː/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /oː/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Omega (minuscule) (ω). Coptic letter Oou (minuscule) × Coptic letter Oou (minuscule) ⲱ Ⲱⲩ o/w Sahidic pronunciation: /oː/ Bohairic pronunciation: /o/ Late Coptic pronunciation: /oː/ Greco-Bohairic pronunciation: /oː/ Derived from Modern Greek letter Omega (minuscule) (ω).
Old Nubian	Alphabet 8 c. CE - Present	Old Nubian letter Alpha × Old Nubian letter Alpha ⲁ ⲁⲗⲫⲁ a IPA: /a, aː/ Derived from Coptic letter Alpha (minuscule) (ⲁ).		Old Nubian letter Beta × Old Nubian letter Beta ⲃ ⲃⲏⲧⲁ b IPA: /b/ Derived from Coptic letter Beta (minuscule) (ⲃ).		Old Nubian letter Gamma × Old Nubian letter Gamma ⲅ ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ g IPA: /ɡ/ Derived from Coptic letter Gamma (minuscule) (ⲅ).		Old Nubian letter Delta × Old Nubian letter Delta ⲇ ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ d IPA: /d/ Derived from Coptic letter Delta (minuscule) (ⲇ).			Old Nubian letter Eey × Old Nubian letter Eey ⲉ ⲉⲓ e IPA: /e, eː/ Derived from Coptic letter Eey (minuscule) (ⲉ).				Old Nubian letter Upsilon × Old Nubian letter Upsilon ⲩ ⲩⲡⲥⲓⲗⲟⲛ u IPA: /i/, /u/ Derived from Coptic letter Upsilon (minuscule) (ⲩ).				Old Nubian letter Zeta × Old Nubian letter Zeta ⲍ ⲍⲏⲧⲁ z IPA: /z/ Derived from Coptic letter Zeta (minuscule) (ⲍ).	Old Nubian letter Eta × Old Nubian letter Eta ⲏ ⲏⲧⲁ ē IPA: /i, iː/ Derived from Coptic letter Eta (minuscule) (ⲏ).		Old Nubian letter Theta × Old Nubian letter Theta ⲑ ⲑⲏⲧⲁ th IPA: /t/ Derived from Coptic letter Theta (minuscule) (ⲑ).		Old Nubian letter Iota × Old Nubian letter Iota ⲓ ⲓⲟⲧⲁ i IPA: /i/ Derived from Coptic letter Iota (minuscule) (ⲓ).		Old Nubian letter Kappa × Old Nubian letter Kappa ⲕ ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ k IPA: /k/, /ɡ/ Derived from Coptic letter Kappa (minuscule) (ⲕ).	Old Nubian letter Lola × Old Nubian letter Lola ⲗ ⲗⲟⲗⲁ l IPA: /l/ Derived from Coptic letter Lola (minuscule) (ⲗ).	Old Nubian letter Mey × Old Nubian letter Mey ⲙ ⲙⲉⲓ m IPA: /m/ Derived from Coptic letter Mey (minuscule) (ⲙ).	Old Nubian letter Ney × Old Nubian letter Ney ⲛ ⲛⲉⲓ n IPA: /n/ Derived from Coptic letter Ney (minuscule) (ⲛ).			Old Nubian letter Exi × Old Nubian letter Exi ⲝ ⲉⲝⲓ x IPA: /ks/ Derived from Coptic letter Exi (minuscule) (ⲝ).		Old Nubian letter O × Old Nubian letter O ⲟ ⲟ o IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Coptic letter O (minuscule) (ⲟ).		Old Nubian letter Pi × Old Nubian letter Pi ⲡ ⲡⲓ p IPA: /p/ Derived from Coptic letter Pi (minuscule) (ⲡ).					Old Nubian letter Roo × Old Nubian letter Roo ⲣ ⲣⲟ r IPA: /ɾ/ Derived from Coptic letter Roo (minuscule) (ⲣ).	Old Nubian letter Seema × Old Nubian letter Seema ⲥ ⲥⲓⲙⲁ s IPA: /s/ Derived from Coptic letter Seema (minuscule) (ⲥ).				Old Nubian letter Soou × Old Nubian letter Soou ⲋ ⲥⲟⲟⲩ Derived from Coptic letter Soou (minuscule) (ⲋ).	Old Nubian letter Tau × Old Nubian letter Tau ⲧ ⲧⲁⲩ t IPA: /t/ Derived from Coptic letter Tau (minuscule) (ⲧ).	Old Nubian letter Phi × Old Nubian letter Phi ⲫ ⲫⲓ ph IPA: /f/ Derived from Coptic letter Phi (minuscule) (ⲫ).	Old Nubian letter Chi × Old Nubian letter Chi ⲭ ⲭⲓ kh IPA: /x/ Derived from Coptic letter Chi (minuscule) (ⲭ).		Old Nubian letter Shai × Old Nubian letter Shai ϣ ϣⲁⲓ š IPA: /ʃ/ Derived from Coptic letter Shai (minuscule) (ϣ).			Old Nubian letter Hori × Old Nubian letter Hori Ϩ Ϩⲟⲣⲓ h IPA: /h/ Derived from Coptic letter Hori (minuscule) (Ϩ).		Old Nubian letter Shima × Old Nubian letter Shima ⳝ ⳝⲓⲙⲁ j IPA: /ɟ/ Derived from Coptic letter Shima (minuscule) (ϭ).		Old Nubian letter Epsi × Old Nubian letter Epsi ⲯ ⲉⲯⲓ ps IPA: /ps/ Derived from Coptic letter Epsi (minuscule) (ⲯ).	Old Nubian letter Oou × Old Nubian letter Oou ⲱ ⲱⲩ ō IPA: /o/, /oː/ Derived from Coptic letter Oou (minuscule) (ⲱ).
Armenian	Alphabet 405 CE - Present	Armenian letter Ayb (majuscule) Armenian letter Ayb (minuscule)		Armenian letter Ben (majuscule) Armenian letter Ben (minuscule)		Armenian letter Gim (majuscule) Armenian letter Gim (minuscule)		Armenian letter Da (majuscule) Armenian letter Da (minuscule)			Armenian letter Yech’ (majuscule) Armenian letter Yech’ (minuscule)				Armenian letter Hiwn (majuscule) Armenian letter Hiwn (minuscule)				Armenian letter Za (majuscule) Armenian letter Za (minuscule)	Armenian letter Hò/Ho (majuscule) Armenian letter Hò/Ho (minuscule)		Armenian letter T'ò/T’o (majuscule) Armenian letter T'ò/T’o (minuscule)		Armenian letter Ini (majuscule) Armenian letter Ini (minuscule)		Armenian letter Ken(majuscule) Armenian letter Ken (minuscule)	Armenian letter Ghat (majuscule) Armenian letter Ghat (minuscule)	Armenian letter Men (majuscule) Armenian letter Men (minuscule)	Armenian letter Now (majuscule) Armenian letter Now (minuscule)			Armenian letter Sha (majuscule) Armenian letter Sha (minuscule)		Armenian letter Vo (majuscule) Armenian letter Vo (minuscule)		Armenian letter Pē/Pe (majuscule) Armenian letter Pē/Pe (minuscule)					Armenian letter Ṙa (majuscule) Armenian letter Ṙa (minuscule)	Armenian letter Sē/Se (majuscule) Armenian letter Sē/Se (minuscule)					Armenian letter Tiwn/Tyown (majuscule) Armenian letter Tiwn/Tyown (minuscule)	Armenian letter P'iwr/P'yowr (majuscule) Armenian letter P'iwr/P'yowr (minuscule)	Armenian letter K’ē/K’e (majuscule) Armenian letter K’ē/K’e (minuscule)
Caucasian Albanian	Alphabet 2 c. BCE - 8 c. CE			Caucasian Albanian letter Bet		Caucasian Albanian letter Gim		Caucasian Albanian letter Dat			Caucasian Albanian letter Eb								Caucasian Albanian letter Alt	Caucasian Albanian letter Eyn		Caucasian Albanian letter Tas		Caucasian Albanian letter Irb			Caucasian Albanian letter Lan																					Caucasian Albanian letter Piwr	Caucasian Albanian letter Kiw
Asomtavruli	Alphabet 430 CE - 19 c. CE	Asomtavruli letter Ani		Asomtavruli letter Bani		Asomtavruli letter Gani		Asomtavruli letter Doni			Asomtavruli letter Eni			Asomtavruli letter Vini					Asomtavruli letter Zeni	Asomtavruli letter He		Asomtavruli letter Tani		Asomtavruli letter Ini		Asomtavruli letter K'ani	Asomtavruli letter Lasi	Asomtavruli letter Mani	Asomtavruli letter Nari			Asomtavruli letter Hie		Asomtavruli letter Oni		Asomtavruli letter P'ari	Asomtavruli letter Zhani				Asomtavruli letter Rae	Asomtavruli letter Sani					Asomtavruli letter T'ari	Asomtavruli letter Pari	Asomtavruli letter Kani									Asomtavruli letter Dzili	Asomtavruli letter Hoe
Nuskhuri	Alphabet 9 c. CE - 19 c. CE	Nuskhuri letter Ani		Nuskhuri letter Bani		Nuskhuri letter Gani		Nuskhuri letter Doni			Nuskhuri letter Eni			Nuskhuri letter Vini					Nuskhuri letter Zeni	Nuskhuri letter He		Nuskhuri letter Tani		Nuskhuri letter Ini		Nuskhuri letter K'ani	Nuskhuri letter Lasi	Nuskhuri letter Mani	Nuskhuri letter Nari			Nuskhuri letter Hie		Nuskhuri letter Oni		Nuskhuri letter P'ari	Nuskhuri letter Zhani				Nuskhuri letter Rae	Nuskhuri letter Sani					Nuskhuri letter T'ari	Nuskhuri letter Pari	Nuskhuri letter Kani									Nuskhuri letter Dzili	Nuskhuri letter Hoe
Mkhedruli	Alphabet 10 c. CE - Present	Mtavruli letter Ani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter Bani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Bani (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter Gani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Gani (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter Doni (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Doni (minuscule)			Mtavruli letter Eni (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Eni (minuscule)			Mtavruli letter Vini (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Vini (minuscule)					Mtavruli letter Zeni (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Zeni (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter He (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter He (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter Tani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Tani (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter Ini (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Ini (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter K'ani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter K'ani (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Lasi (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Lasi (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Mani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Mani (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Nari (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Nari (minuscule)			Mtavruli letter Hie (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Hie (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter Oni (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Oni (minuscule)		Mtavruli letter P'ari (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter P'ari (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Zhani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Zhani (minuscule)				Mtavruli letter Rae (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Rae (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Sani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Sani (minuscule)					Mtavruli letter T'ari (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter T'ari (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Pari (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Pari (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Kani (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Kani (minuscule)									Mtavruli letter Dzili (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Dzili (minuscule)	Mtavruli letter Hoe (majuscule) Mkhedruli letter Hoe (minuscule)
Early Cyrillic	Alphabet ??? - ???
Cyrillic	Alphabet 893 CE - Present	Cyrillic letter A (majuscule) Cyrillic letter A (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ya (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ya (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ve (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ve (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Be (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Be (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ge (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ge (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ghe upturn (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ghe upturn (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter De (majuscule) Cyrillic letter De (minuscule)			Cyrillic letter Ye (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ye (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ye (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ye (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter E (majuscule) Cyrillic letter E (minuscule)		Cyrillic letter U (majuscule) Cyrillic letter U (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Izhitsa (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Izhitsa (minuscule)			Cyrillic letter Ze (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ze (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter I (majuscule) Cyrillic letter I (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter short I (majuscule) Cyrillic letter short I (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Fita (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Fita (minuscule)		Cyrillic letter dotted I (majuscule) Cyrillic letter dotted I (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Je (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Je (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ka (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ka (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter El (majuscule) Cyrillic letter El (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Em (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Em (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter En (majuscule) Cyrillic letter En (minuscule)			Cyrillic letter Ksi (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ksi (minuscule)		Cyrillic letter O (majuscule) Cyrillic letter O (minuscule)		Cyrillic letter Pe (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Pe (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Tse (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Tse (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Dzhe (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Dzhe (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Che (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Che (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Koppa (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Koppa (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Er (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Er (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Sha (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Sha (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Shcha (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Shcha (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Es (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Es (minuscule)			Cyrillic letter Te (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Te (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Ef (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Ef (minuscule)	Cyrillic letter Kha (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Kha (minuscule)										Cyrillic letter Omega (majuscule) Cyrillic letter Omega (minuscule)
Bosančica	Alphabet 10 c. CE - 18 c. CE	Bosančica letter A			Bosančica letter Be	Bosančica letter Ge		Bosančica letter De			Bosančica letter Ye				Bosančica letter U				Bosančica letter Ze	Bosančica letter I				Bosančica letter dotted I		Bosančica letter Ka	Bosančica letter El	Bosančica letter Em	Bosančica letter En					Bosančica letter O		Bosančica letter Pe	Bosančica letter Tse		Bosančica letter Che		Bosančica letter Er	Bosančica letter Sha		Bosančica letter Es			Bosančica letter Te	Bosančica letter Ef	Bosančica letter Kha										Bosančica letter Omega
Old Permic	Alphabet 1372 CE - 17 c. CE	Old Permic letter An		Old Permic letter Bur		Old Permic letter Gai		Old Permic letter Doi			Old Permic letter E					Old Permic letter U			Old Permic letter Zhoi					Old Permic letter Yodh		Old Permic letter Koke	Old Permic letter Lei	Old Permic letter Menoe	Old Permic letter Nenoe							Old Permic letter Peei			Old Permic letter Chery		Old Permic letter Rei	Old Permic letter Shooi	Old Permic letter Shchooi	Old Permic letter Sii			Old Permic letter Tai
Molodtsov	Alphabet ??? - ???	Molodtsov letter A (majuscule) Molodtsov letter A (minuscule)		Molodtsov letter Ve (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Ve (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Be (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Be (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Ge (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Ge (minuscule)		Molodtsov letter De (majuscule) Molodtsov letter De (minuscule)			Molodtsov letter Ye (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Ye (minuscule)				Molodtsov letter U (majuscule) Molodtsov letter U (minuscule)				Molodtsov letter Ze (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Ze (minuscule)					Molodtsov letter dotted I (majuscule) Molodtsov letter dotted I (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Je (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Je (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Ka (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Ka (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter El (majuscule) Molodtsov letter El (minuscule)		Molodtsov letter En (majuscule) Molodtsov letter En (minuscule)					Molodtsov letter O (majuscule) Molodtsov letter O (minuscule)		Molodtsov letter Pe (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Pe (minuscule)			Molodtsov letter Che (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Che (minuscule)		Molodtsov letter Er (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Er (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Sha (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Sha (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Shcha (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Shcha (minuscule)	Molodtsov letter Es (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Es (minuscule)			Molodtsov letter Te (majuscule) Molodtsov letter Te (minuscule)
Phrygian	Alphabet 8 c. BCE - 330 BCE	Phrygian letter A × Phrygian letter A a IPA: /a/, /aː/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Phrygian letter B (variant 1) × Phrygian letter B (variant 1) b IPA:/b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Phrygian letter B (variant 2) × Phrygian letter B (variant 2) b IPA:/b/ Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Phrygian letter G × Phrygian letter G g IPA: /g/ Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Phrygian letter D (variant 1) × Phrygian letter D (variant 1) d IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Phrygian letter D (variant 2) × Phrygian letter D (variant 2) IPA: /d/ Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Phrygian letter E (variant 1) × Phrygian letter E (variant 1) e IPA: /e/, /e:/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄). Phrygian letter E (variant 2) × Phrygian letter E (variant 2) e IPA: /e/, /e:/ Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).			Phrygian letter V × Phrygian letter V w IPA: /w/	Phrygian letter U × Phrygian letter U u IPA: /u/, /u:/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Phrygian letter Z (variant 1) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 1) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Phrygian letter Z (variant 2) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 2) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Phrygian letter Z (variant 3) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 3) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆). Phrygian letter Z (variant 4) × Phrygian letter Z (variant 4) z ?zd IPA:/z/ (/zd/?) Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).					Phrygian letter I × Phrygian letter I i IPA: /i/, /i:/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Phrygian letter Y (variant 1) × Phrygian letter Y (variant 1) j IPA: /j/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Phrygian letter Y (variant 2) × Phrygian letter Y (variant 2) j IPA: /j/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).	Phrygian letter K (variant 1) × Phrygian letter K (variant 1) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 2) × Phrygian letter K (variant 2) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 3) × Phrygian letter K (variant 3) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 4) × Phrygian letter K (variant 4) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Phrygian letter K (variant 5) × Phrygian letter K (variant 5) k IPA: /k/ Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Phrygian letter L × Phrygian letter L l IPA: /l/ Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Phrygian letter M × Phrygian letter M m IPA: /m/ Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Phrygian letter N × Phrygian letter N n IPA: /n/ Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).					Phrygian letter O × Phrygian letter O o IPA: /o/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Phrygian letter P × Phrygian letter P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).					Phrygian letter R × Phrygian letter R r IPA: /r/ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Phrygian letter S (variant 1) × Phrygian letter S (variant 1) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Phrygian letter S (variant 2) × Phrygian letter S (variant 2) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Phrygian letter S (variant 3) × Phrygian letter S (variant 3) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔). Phrygian letter S (variant 4) × Phrygian letter S (variant 4) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Phrygian letter T × Phrygian letter T t IPA: /t/ Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Proto-Rovash	Alphabet 7/6 c. BCE - 11/12 c. CE
Carpathian Basin Rovash	Alphabet 7 c. CE - 11/12 c. CE
Aethicus’ Alphabet	Alphabet 7/8 c. CE
Steppean Rovash	Alphabet 8 c. CE - 10 c. CE
Szekely-Hungarian Rovash	Alphabet 9 c. CE - Present	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter A (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter A (minuscule)		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Eb (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Eb (minuscule)		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ezs (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ezs (minuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ec (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ec (minuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ed (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ed (minuscule)		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ed (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ed (minuscule)							Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ű (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ű (minuscule)				Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Er (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Er (minuscule)			Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ef (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ef (minuscule)		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ej (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ej (minuscule)	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Eny (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Eny (minuscule)		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter El (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter El (minuscule)	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Em (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Em (minuscule)	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter En (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter En (minuscule)					Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Eh (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Eh (minuscule)		Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ep (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ep (minuscule)				Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ak (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ak (minuscule)	Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ezs (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ezs (minuscule)						Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ez (majuscule) Szekely-Hungarian Rovash letter Ez (minuscule)
Glagolitic	Alphabet 862/3 CE - 19 c. CE	Glagolitic letter Azъ/Az (round) Glagolitic letter Azъ/Az (angular)	Glagolitic letter Jatь/Yat/Ya (round) Glagolitic letter Jatь/Yat/Ya (angular)			Glagolitic letter Glagoli (round) Glagolitic letter Glagoli (angular)		Glagolitic letter Dobro (round) Glagolitic letter Dobro (angular)			Glagolitic letter Ensь/Small yus (round)					Glagolitic letter Vědě/Vedi (round) Glagolitic letter Vědě/Vedi (angular)				Glagolitic letter Xěrъ/Kher (round) Glagolitic letter Xěrъ/Kher (angular)		Glagolitic letter Thita/Fita (round)	Glagolitic letter Zemlja/Zeml(j)a (round) Glagolitic letter Zemlja/Zeml(j)a (angular)	Glagolitic letter I/Ižei/Izhey (round) Glagolitic letter I/Ižei/Izhey (angular)			Glagolitic letter Ljudie/Lyudi (round) Glagolitic letter Ljudie/Lyudi (angular)	Glagolitic letter Myslite/Mislete (round) Glagolitic letter Myslite/Mislete (angular)								Glagolitic letter Pokoj/Pokoy (round) Glagolitic letter Pokoj/Pokoy (angular)	Glagolitic letter Ci/Tsi (round) Glagolitic letter Ci/Tsi (angular)	Glagolitic letter Črьvъ/Cherv (round) Glagolitic letter Črьvъ/Cherv (angular)		Glagolitic letter Kako (round) Glagolitic letter Kako (angular)	Glagolitic letter Rьci/Rtsi (round) Glagolitic letter Rьci/Rtsi (angular)	Glagolitic letter Ša/Sha (round) Glagolitic letter Ša/Sha (angular)	Glagolitic letter Šta/Šča/Shta/Shcha (round) Glagolitic letter Šta/Šča/Shta/Shcha (angular)				Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo/Tverdo (round) Glagolitic letter Tvrьdo/Tverdo (angular)	Glagolitic letter Frьtъ/Fert (round) Glagolitic letter Frьtъ/Fert (angular)		Glagolitic letter Jestъ/Yest (round) Glagolitic letter Jestъ/Yest (angular)
*Hypothetical Original Paleohispanic script*	Semi-syllabary ??? - ???
*Hypothetical Original Southern Paleohispanic script*	Semi-syllabary ??? - ???
Southwestern Paleohispanic	Semi-syllabary ?7 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter A × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀). Southwestern Paleohispanic letter O × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter O o Likely derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(e) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(e) p(e) Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(a) k(a) Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(u) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(u) t(u) Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(a) p(a) Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).				Southwestern Paleohispanic letter U × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter U u Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).					Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 1) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 1) ?h Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇). Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 2) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter ?H (variant 2) ?h Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(i) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(i) t(i) Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter I × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(e) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(e) k(e) Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter L × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter M × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter M m Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter N × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Southwestern Paleohispanic letter S × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter S s Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter E × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter E e Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(o) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter P(o) p(o) Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).				Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(i) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter K(i) k(i) Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter R × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter R r Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Southwestern Paleohispanic letter Ś × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(a) × Southwestern Paleohispanic letter T(a) t(a) Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Southeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 4 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Southeastern Iberian letter A × Southeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀). Southeastern Iberian letter O × Southeastern Iberian letter O o Likely derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Southeastern Iberian letter Ba × Southeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Southeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Southeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Southeastern Iberian letter Be × Southeastern Iberian letter Be be< Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).				Southeastern Iberian letter U × Southeastern Iberian letter U u Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).							Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti × Southeastern Iberian letter Di/Ti di/ti Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Southeastern Iberian letter I × Southeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Southeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Southeastern Iberian letter L × Southeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).		Southeastern Iberian letter N × Southeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Southeastern Iberian letter S × Southeastern Iberian letter S s Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Southeastern Iberian letter E × Southeastern Iberian letter E e Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Southeastern Iberian letter Bu × Southeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).				Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Southeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Southeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Southeastern Iberian letter Ś × Southeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Southeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
*Hypothetical Original Northeastern Iberian script*	Semi-syllabary ??? - ???
Dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga ga Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka ka Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du du Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu tu Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).														Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te te Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De de Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi gi Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki ki Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge ge Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ke ke Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).		Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).							Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).					Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Likely derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da da Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕). Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta × Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta ta Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Non-dual Northeastern Iberian	Semi-syllabary 5 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi bi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba. Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba ba Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du.														Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge/Ke ke Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.							Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu bu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.					Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ ŕ Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ŕ.	Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś ś Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ś.					Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da.
Dual Western Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Western Celtiberian letter A × Dual Western Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga ga Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ka ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Du du Likely derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu.														Dual Western Celtiberian letter De × Dual Western Celtiberian letter De de Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter I × Dual Western Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi gi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ki ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge ge Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ke ke Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter L × Dual Western Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Dual Western Celtiberian letter N × Dual Western Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.							Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.					Dual Western Celtiberian letter R × Dual Western Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R.	Dual Western Celtiberian letter S × Dual Western Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S.					Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da da Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da. Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ta ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta.
Non-dual Western Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter A × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter A.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi. Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ga.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Tu.														Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Te.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter I × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter I. Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Gi.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Ge.	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter L × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter L.		Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter N × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter N.							Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu.					Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter R × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter R.	Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter S × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter S.					Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Western Celtiberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Western Celtiberian letter Da.
Dual Eastern Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter A.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bi. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ba.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga ga Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ga. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ka ka Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ka.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du du Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Du. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Tu tu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Tu.														Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De de Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter De. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te te Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Te.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter I. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi gi Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Gi. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ki ki Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ki.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge ge Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ke ke Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ge or Ke.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter L.		Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter N.							Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Bu.					Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter R.	Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter S.					Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da da Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Da. Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta × Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ta ta Derived from Dual Northeastern Iberian letter Ta.
Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian	Semi-syllabary 3 c. BCE - 1 c. CE	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A a Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter A.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi bi/pi Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bi/Pi. Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa ba/pa Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ba/Pa.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga/Ka ga/ka Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ga.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du/Tu × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du/Tu du/tu Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Du.														Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De/Te × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter De/Te de/te Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I i Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter I. Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Gi/Ki gi/ki Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Te.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke ge/ke Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Ge/Ke.	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L l Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter L.		Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N n Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter N.							Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu bu/pu Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Bu/Pu.					Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R r Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter R.	Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S s Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter S.					Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da/Ta × Non-dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da/Ta da/ta Derived from Dual Eastern Celtiberian letter Da.
Sidetic	Alphabet ?5 c. - ?3 c. BCE														Sidetic letter U × Sidetic letter U u IPA: /u/ Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).							Sidetic letter Θ (variant 1) × Sidetic letter Θ (variant 1) θ IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈). Sidetic letter Θ (variant 2) × Sidetic letter Θ (variant 2) θ IPA: /tʰ/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Sidetic letter I (variant 1) × Sidetic letter I (variant 1) i IPA: /i/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉). Sidetic letter I (variant 2) × Sidetic letter I (variant 2) i IPA: /i/ Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).										Sidetic letter O (variant 1) × Sidetic letter O (variant 1) o IPA: /o/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏). Sidetic letter O (variant 2) × Sidetic letter O (variant 2) o IPA: /o/ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Sidetic letter P × Sidetic letter P p IPA: /p/ Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Sidetic letter S (variant 1) × Sidetic letter S (variant 1) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑). Sidetic letter S (variant 2) × Sidetic letter S (variant 2) s IPA: /s/ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).
Neo-Punic	Abjad ?4 c. BCE - ???	Neo-Punic letter ʾālep × Neo-Punic letter ʾālep ʾ Derived from Phoenician letter ʾālep (𐤀).		Neo-Punic letter Bēt × Neo-Punic letter Bēt b Derived from Phoenician letter Bēt (𐤁).		Neo-Punic letter Gīml × Neo-Punic letter Gīml g Derived from Phoenician letter Gīml (𐤂).		Neo-Punic letter Dālet × Neo-Punic letter Dālet d Derived from Phoenician letter Dālet (𐤃).			Neo-Punic letter He × Neo-Punic letter He h Derived from Phoenician letter He (𐤄).				Neo-Punic letter Wāw × Neo-Punic letter Wāw w Derived from Phoenician letter Wāw (𐤅).				Neo-Punic letter Zajin/Zayin × Neo-Punic letter Zajin/Zayin z Derived from Phoenician letter Zajin/Zayin (𐤆).	Neo-Punic letter Hēt × Neo-Punic letter Hēt ḥ Derived from Phoenician letter Hēt (𐤇).		Neo-Punic letter Ṭēt × Neo-Punic letter Ṭēt ṭ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṭēt (𐤈).		Neo-Punic letter Yod × Neo-Punic letter Yod j Derived from Phoenician letter Yod (𐤉).		Neo-Punic letter Kāp × Neo-Punic letter Kāp k Derived from Phoenician letter Kāp (𐤊).	Neo-Punic letter Lāmed × Neo-Punic letter Lāmed l Derived from Phoenician letter Lāmed (𐤋).	Neo-Punic letter Mēm × Neo-Punic letter Mēm m Derived from Phoenician letter Mēm (𐤌).	Neo-Punic letter Nūn × Neo-Punic letter Nūn n Derived from Phoenician letter Nūn (𐤍).			Neo-Punic letter Śāmek × Neo-Punic letter Śāmek s Derived from Phoenician letter Śāmek (𐤎).		Neo-Punic letter ʿayin × Neo-Punic letter ʿayin ʿ Derived from Phoenician letter ʿayin (𐤏).		Neo-Punic letter Pē × Neo-Punic letter Pē p Derived from Phoenician letter Pē (𐤐).	Neo-Punic letter Ṩādē × Neo-Punic letter Ṩādē ṣ Derived from Phoenician letter Ṩādē (𐤑).			Neo-Punic letter Qōp × Neo-Punic letter Qōp q Derived from Phoenician letter Qōp (𐤒).	Neo-Punic letter Rēs/Resh × Neo-Punic letter Rēs/Resh r Derived from Phoenician letter Rēs/Resh (𐤓).	Neo-Punic letter Šīn × Neo-Punic letter Šīn š Derived from Phoenician letter Šīn (𐤔).					Neo-Punic letter Tāw × Neo-Punic letter Tāw t Derived from Phoenician letter Tāw (𐤕).
Libyco-Berber	Abjad 2 c. BCE - 7 c. CE			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) b Derived from Libyco-Berber letter B. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) b Derived from Libyco-Berber letter B.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag g Derived from Libyco-Berber letter G.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) d Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) ⴷ d Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) d Derived from Libyco-Berber letter D.											Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj ⵊ j Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ẓ. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz ⵌ zh Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Z. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) ż Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ż. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) ż Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ż.			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ ⴺ ḍ Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Ṭ.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi ⵉ y Derived from Libyco-Berber letter I.		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak k Derived from Libyco-Berber letter K.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal l Derived from Libyco-Berber letter L.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam m Derived from Libyco-Berber letter M.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan ⵏ n Derived from Libyco-Berber letter N.			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) s Derived from Libyco-Berber letter S. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) ⵙ s Derived from Libyco-Berber letter S.				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) f Derived from Libyco-Berber letter F. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) f Derived from Libyco-Berber letter F.				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq q Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Q.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) r Derived from Libyco-Berber letter R. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) ⵔ r Derived from Libyco-Berber letter R.	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac š Derived from Libyco-Berber letter Š.					Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat ⵜ t Derived from Libyco-Berber letter T. Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ t₁ Derived from Libyco-Berber letter T.
Tuareg Tifinagh	Abjad ??? - Present			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 1) b Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (variant 2) ⴱ b		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag g		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 1) d Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 2) ⴷ d Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (variant 3) d											Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj ⵊ j Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaz ⵌ zh Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 1) ż Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż (variant 2) ż			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ ⴺ ḍ		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi ⵉ y		Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak k	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal l	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam m	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan ⵏ n			Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 1) s Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (variant 2) ⵙ s				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 1) f Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf (variant 2) f				Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq q	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 1) r Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (variant 2) ⵔ r	Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac š					Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat ⵜ t Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ × Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁ t₁
Neo-Tifinagh	Alphabet 1980 CE - Present			Neo-Tifinagh letter Yab × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yab ⴱ b IPA: [b] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yab (ⴱ).		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yag × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yag ⴳ g IPA: [g] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yag.		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yad × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yad ⴷ d IPA: [d] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yad (ⴷ).											Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaj × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaj ⵊ j IPA: [ʒ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaj (ⵊ). Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaz × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaz ⵣ z IPA: [z] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż. Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaẓ × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaẓ ⵥ ẓ IPA: [zˤ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaż.			Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaḍ × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaḍ ⵃ ḍ IPA: [dˤ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaḍ (ⴺ).		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yay × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yay ⵢ i IPA: [j] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yi (ⵉ).		Neo-Tifinagh letter Yak × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yak ⴽ k IPA: [k] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yak.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yal × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yal ⵍ l IPA: [l] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yal.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yam × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yam ⵎ m IPA: [m] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yam.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yan × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yan ⵏ n IPA: [n] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yan (ⵏ).			Neo-Tifinagh letter Yas × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yas ⵙ s IPA: [s] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yas (ⵙ).				Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaf × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaf ⴼ f IPA: [f] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaf.				Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaq × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaq ⵇ q IPA: [q] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaq.	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yar × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yar ⵔ r IPA: [r] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yar (ⵔ).	Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaš (Yac) × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaš (Yac) ⵛ sh, c (š) IPA: [ʃ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yash/Yac.					Neo-Tifinagh letter Yat × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yat ⵜ t IPA: [t] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yat (ⵜ). Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaṭ × Neo-Tifinagh letter Yaṭ ⵟ ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Tuareg Tifinagh letter Yaṭ₁.
Ancient South Arabian	Abjad 9 c. BCE - 7 c. CE	Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (monumental variant) 𐩱 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (minuscule) 𐩱 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.		Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (monumental variant) 𐩨 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (minuscule) 𐩨 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (monumental variant) 𐩴 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (minuscule) 𐩴 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (monumental variant) 𐩵 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (minuscule) 𐩵 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.		Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (monumental variant) 𐩳 ḍ IPA: [ɬˤ] Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (minuscule) 𐩳 ḍ IPA: [ɬˤ]	Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter He (monumental variant) 𐩠 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter He (minuscule) 𐩠 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.				Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (monumental variant) 𐩥 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (minuscule) 𐩥 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (monumental variant) 𐩸 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (minuscule) 𐩸 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (monumental variant) 𐩢 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (minuscule) 𐩢 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.	Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (monumental variant) 𐩭 ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (minuscule) 𐩭 ḫ IPA: [x]	Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (monumental variant) 𐩷 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (minuscule) 𐩷 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.		Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (monumental variant) 𐩺 𐩺 IPA: [j], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (minuscule) 𐩺 𐩺 IPA: [j], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (monumental variant) 𐩫 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (minuscule) 𐩫 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (monumental variant) 𐩡 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (minuscule) 𐩡 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (monumental variant) 𐩣 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (minuscule) 𐩣 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (monumental variant) 𐩬 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (minuscule) 𐩬 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (monumental variant) 𐩯 s³ (s) IPA: [s̪] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Samekh (minuscule) 𐩯 s³ (s) IPA: [s̪] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.	Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (monumental variant) 𐩪 s¹ (š) IPA: [s] Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (minuscule) 𐩪 s¹ (š) IPA: [s]	Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (monumental variant) 𐩲 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (minuscule) 𐩲 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (monumental variant) 𐩶 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Ghayn (minuscule) 𐩶 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (monumental variant) 𐩰 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (minuscule) 𐩰 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (monumental variant) 𐩮 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (minuscule) 𐩮 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (monumental variant) 𐩤 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (minuscule) 𐩤 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (monumental variant) 𐩧 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (minuscule) 𐩧 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (monumental variant) 𐩦 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (minuscule) 𐩦 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.					Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant) × Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (monumental variant) 𐩩 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule) × Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (minuscule) 𐩩 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Ge’ez	Abugida 5-6 c. BCE - Present	Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) × Ge'ez letter ʼÄlf (ʾä) አ ʔä IPA: [ʔə] or [ʔa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Alef (𐩱).		Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) × Ge'ez letter Bet (bä) በ bä IPA: [bə] or [ba] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Beth (𐩨).		Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) × Ge'ez letter Gäml (gä) ገ gä IPA: [gə] or [ga] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Gimel (𐩴).		× Ge'ez letter Dänt (dä) ደ dä IPA: [də] or [da] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Daleth (𐩵).		Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣ́äppä (ṣä) ፀ ṣ́ä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Dhadhe (𐩳).	Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) × Ge'ez letter Hoy (hä) ሀ hä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter He (𐩠).				Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) × Ge'ez letter Wäwe (wä) ወ wä IPA: [wə] or [wa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Waw (𐩥).				Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) × Ge'ez letter Zäy (zä) ዘ zä IPA: [zə] or [za] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Zayn (𐩸).	Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) × Ge'ez letter Ḥäwt (ḥä) ሐ ḥä IPA: [ħə] or [ħa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Heth (𐩢).	Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) × Ge'ez letter Ḫarm (ḫä) ኀ ḫä IPA: [hə] or [ha] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kheth (𐩭).	Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) × Ge'ez letter Ṭäyt (ṭä) ጠ ṭä IPA: [tʼə] or [tʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Teth (𐩷).		Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) × Ge'ez letter Yämän (yä) የ yä IPA: [yə] or [ya] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Yodh (𐩺).		Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) × Ge'ez letter Kaf (kä) ከ kä IPA: [kə] or [ka] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Kaph (𐩫).	Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) × Ge'ez letter Läwe (lä) ለ lä IPA: [lə] or [la] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Lamedh (𐩡).	Ge'ez letter May (mä) × Ge'ez letter May (mä) መ ma IPA: [mə] or [ma] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Mem (𐩣).	Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) × Ge'ez letter Nähas (nä) ነ nä IPA: [nə] or [na] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Nun (𐩬).				Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) × Ge'ez letter Sat (sä) ሰ sä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sat (𐩪).	Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) × Ge'ez letter ʽÄyn (ʽä) ዐ ʽä IPA: [ʕə] or [ʕa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Ayn (𐩲).		Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) × Ge'ez letter Äf (fä) ፈ fä IPA: [fə] or [fa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Fe (𐩰).	Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) × Ge'ez letter Ṣädäy (ṣä) ጸ ṣä IPA: [tsʼə] or [tsʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Sadhe (𐩮).			Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) × Ge'ez letter Ḳaf (ḳä) ቀ ḳä IPA: [kʼə] or [kʼa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Qoph (𐩤).	Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) × Ge'ez letter Rəʾs (rä) ረ rä IPA: [rə] or [ra] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Resh (𐩧).	Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) × Ge'ez letter Śäwt (śä) ሠ śä IPA: [sə] or [sa] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Shin (𐩦).					Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) × Ge'ez letter Täwe (tä) ተ tä IPA: [tə] or [ta] Derived from Ancient South Arabian letter Taw (𐩩).
Ancient North Arabian	Abjad 8 c. BCE - 4 c. CE	Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Dadantic variant) 𐪑 ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Safaitic variant) ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Taymanitic variant) ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp. Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Alef (Hismaic variant) ʾ IPA: [ʔ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ʾalp.		Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Dadantic variant) 𐪈 b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Safaitic variant) b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Taymanitic variant) b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Beh (Hismaic variant) b IPA: [b] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Bayt.		Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Dadantic variant) 𐪔 g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Safaitic variant) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Taymanitic variant) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml. Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Geem (Hismaic variant) g IPA: [g] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Gaml.		Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Dadantic variant) 𐪕 d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Safaitic variant) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Taymanitic variant) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag. Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dal (Hismaic variant) d IPA: [d] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Dag.	Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Dadantic variant) 𐪙 ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Safaitic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Hismaic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð]	Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Dadantic variant) 𐪓 ḍ IPA: [dˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Safaitic variant) ḍ IPA: [dˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Thal (Taymanitic variant) ḏ IPA: [ð] Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Dad (Hismaic variant) ḍ IPA: [dˤ]	Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Dadantic variant) 𐪀 h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Safaitic variant) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Taymanitic variant) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul. Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Heh (Hismaic variant) h IPA: [h] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Haw/Hillul.				Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Dadantic variant) 𐪅 w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Safaitic variant) w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Taymanitic variant) w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph. Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Waw (Hismaic variant) w IPA: [w], [uː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Was/Uph.				Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Dadantic variant) 𐪘 z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Safaitic variant) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Taymanitic variant) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt. Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zain (Hismaic variant) z IPA: [z] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Zayn/Zayt.	Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Dadantic variant) 𐪂 ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Safaitic variant) ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Taymanitic variant) ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr. Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Hah (Hismaic variant) ḥ IPA: [ħ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ḥaṣr.	Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Dadantic variant) 𐪍 ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Safaitic variant) ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Taymanitic variant) ḫ IPA: [x] Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Khah (Hismaic variant) ḫ IPA: [x]	Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Dadantic variant) 𐪗 ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Safaitic variant) ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Taymanitic variant) ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab. Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Tah (Hismaic variant) ṭ IPA: [tˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṭab.	Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Dadantic variant) 𐪜 ẓ IPA: [θˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Safaitic variant) ẓ IPA: [θˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Taymanitic variant) ẓ IPA: [θˤ] Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Zah (Hismaic variant) ẓ IPA: [θˤ]	Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Dadantic variant) 𐪚 y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Safaitic variant) y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Taymanitic variant) y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad. Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Yeh (Hismaic variant) y IPA: [y], [iː] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Yad.		Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Dadantic variant) 𐪋 k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Safaitic variant) k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Taymanitic variant) k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap. Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Kaf (Hismaic variant) k IPA: [k] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Kap.	Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Dadantic variant) 𐪁 l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Safaitic variant) l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Taymanitic variant) l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd. Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Lam (Hismaic variant) l IPA: [l] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Lamd.	Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Dadantic variant) 𐪃 m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Safaitic variant) m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Taymanitic variant) m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym. Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Meem (Hismaic variant) m IPA: [m] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Maym.	Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Dadantic variant) 𐪌 n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Safaitic variant) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Taymanitic variant) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš. Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Noon (Hismaic variant) n IPA: [n] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Naḥaš.			Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Dadantic variant) 𐪏 s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Safaitic variant) s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Taymanitic variant) s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-3 (Hismaic variant) s³ (s) IPA: [s] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṡamk.	Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Dadantic variant) 𐪊 s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ] Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Safaitic variant) s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ] Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Taymanitic variant) s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ] Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-1 (Hismaic variant) s¹ (š) IPA: [ʃ]	Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Dadantic variant) 𐪒 ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Safaitic variant) ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Taymanitic variant) ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn. Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ain (Hismaic variant) ʿ IPA: [ʕ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter ‘ayn.	Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Dadantic variant) 𐪖 ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Safaitic variant) ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Taymanitic variant) ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ. Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Ghain (Hismaic variant) ġ IPA: [ɣ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ġabiʿ.	Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Dadantic variant) 𐪐 f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Safaitic variant) f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Taymanitic variant) f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it. Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Feh (Hismaic variant) f IPA: [f] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter P’it.	Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Dadantic variant) 𐪎 ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Safaitic variant) ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Taymanitic variant) ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday. Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Sad (Hismaic variant) ṣ IPA: [sˤ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Ṣaday.			Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Dadantic variant) 𐪄 q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Safaitic variant) q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Taymanitic variant) q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba. Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Qaf (Hismaic variant) q IPA: [q] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Qoba.	Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Dadantic variant) 𐪇 r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Safaitic variant) r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Taymanitic variant) r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš. Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Reh (Hismaic variant) r IPA: [r] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Raʾš.	Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Dadantic variant) 𐪆 s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Safaitic variant) s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Taymanitic variant) s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš. Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Es-2 (Hismaic variant) s² (ś) IPA: [ɬ] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Šimš.					Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Dadantic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Dadantic variant) 𐪉 t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Safaitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Safaitic variant) t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Taymanitic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Taymanitic variant) t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw. Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Hismaic variant) × Ancient North Arabian letter Teh (Hismaic variant) t IPA: [t] Derived from Proto-Sinaitic letter Tāw.
Byblos	Syllabary (or abugida) 18 c. BCE - 14 c. BCE																											Byblos letter ???	Byblos letter ???					Byblos letter ???
Meroitic Hieroglyphs	Abugida 3 c. BCE - 6 c. CE CE	Meroitic hieroglyph letter O × Meroitic hieroglyph letter O 𐦃 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. F1 (𓃾).																										Meroitic hieroglyph letter Na × Meroitic hieroglyph letter Na 𐦊 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. N35 (𓈖).								Meroitic hieroglyph letter Ra × Meroitic hieroglyph letter Ra 𐦎 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. D21 (𓂋).															Meroitic hieroglyph letter Sa × Meroitic hieroglyph letter Sa 𐦓 Derived from Egyptian hieroglyph Gardiner's Sign No. M8 (𓆷).